6 research outputs found

    Forensic analysis and modelling of characetristics of crater emerged from thesurface explosion of brisant explosive

    Get PDF
    ΠŸΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡšΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Ρ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π°, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΡ™eΠ½ΠΈΡ… активности спроводи сС изазивањСм Сксплозија. НаимС, Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ СксплозијС користС тСрористи Π·Π° изазивањС страха ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΠ· људскС ΠΆΡ€Ρ‚Π²Π΅, ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½Ρƒ ΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρƒ, ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ™Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ˜Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ сл. ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠΎΡ†ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Π»Π° (изазивањС ΠΎΠΏΡˆΡ‚Π΅ опасности, убистава, Ρ‚Π΅ΡˆΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ’Π° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€.) ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° сС Сксплозија користи Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π»Π°Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ™ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΡƒ Ρƒ ΠΊΡƒΡ›Π΅, становС ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π°Ρ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ сСфова, Π·Π° сврхС Π·Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡ˜Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†Π° са ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· наношСња тСлСсних ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π° ΠΈ сл. Π•Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈ СксплозијС су Π²ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΈ – ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ послСдица Π±Ρ€ΠΈΠ·Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³, фугасног, Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‡Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ сСизмичког Π΄Π΅Ρ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ сС ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ„Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡ˜Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ›Π΅ΡšΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ˜Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π‘Ρ€ΠΈΠ·Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ˜ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ СксплозијС ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ јС Π΄Π΅Ρ˜ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ Ρƒ нСпосрСдном ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ΡšΡƒ ΠΏΡƒΡšΠ΅ΡšΠ°, ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π° Ρƒ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Сксплозија. Од ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ судских Π²Π΅ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΊΠ° суд Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠ° СксплозијС, Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° СксплозијС добија Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ. ΠžΡ‡Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ допринос ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π°Π΄Π° јС Ρƒ области Ρ„ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΡšΠ΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ. Π£ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ оправданости ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π° јС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Π΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° Сксплозивних срСдстава са послСдицама Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠ΄ сСдам Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° (2000.-2006.) Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅. ΠΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ Сксплозивних срСдстава Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π° јС Ρƒ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΡƒ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ…Π°Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½Π΅ послСдицС ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ, Ρ‚Π΅ јС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Π°Π½ сваки допринос Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ΠΌ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Ρ€Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΡƒ ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠ° СксплозијС Π½Π° основу Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°, Ρƒ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°. Π‘Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ аспСкта ΠΎΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ›Π΅ΡšΠ΅ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° јС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Π½ΠΎ Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ могућности ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅ масС ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡˆΡ›Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Сксплозива Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρƒ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΅ΡšΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° Сксплозивног срСдства, ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Сксплозива ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° врстС Сксплозива, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅IIIΠ½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Π”ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° су Ρƒ Π²Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ‚Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ˜ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈ са масом ΠΈ врстом ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡˆΡ›Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Сксплозива. Π£ досадашњој пракси ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ масС ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ™Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Сксплозива Π²Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ јС ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡˆΡ›Π΅ΡšΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ нијС Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ апсолутно ΠΏΠΎΡƒΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅. Π£ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ јС Π΄Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π΅Ρ›ΠΈΡ… чСтрнаСст Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρƒ масС Сксплозива Π½Π° основу карактСристика ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ· Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… СкспСримСнталних Сксплозија ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ врСдности ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡšΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ СкспСримСната...In recent decades a large number of illegal activities are performed with the use of explosion. Namely, explosion effects are used by terrorists in order to cause fear and panic among the population along with human victims, material damage, destruction and disabling of strategically important facilities, etc., as well as by the perpetrators of other criminal offences (causing of general danger, murders, aggravated thefts, etc.) when the explosion is used to overcome obstacles when breaking into houses, apartments and other premises, opening the safe deposit boxes and for intimidation of individuals with or without causing bodily injuries, etc. Explosion effects are multiple – as the consequences of brisant, gaseous, heat, fragmentation and seismic effects, and are mostly manifested in various damages on the surface and surrounding propertys. The brisant effect of the explosion is visible in the immediate surroundings of the charge, mostly in the shape of a crater or a hole in cases of surface explosions. The court requests from the police and the experts to determine the exact cause of an explosion, so studying of explosion effects becomes more important. The expected contribution of this paper is in the area of forensic engineering. The analysis of cases of planting and activation of explosive devices, along with their consequences, on the territory of the Republic of Serbia for the period of seven years (2000 – 2006), was provided as a support to the justification for this research. Activation of explosive devices, whether intentionally or out of negligence, causes damage to property so each contribution is important for the more precise determination of the cause of an explosion based on traces, in this case the crater. From the forensic aspect the damage in the form of a crater is important because of the possibility to estimate the mass of the explosive used for the specific explosion, to find pieces of explosive device, to take samples of explosive from the crater in order to determine the type of explosive, to estimate methods of initiation, etc. Dimensions and shape of the crater are closely connected with the mass and type of the explosive used. Calculation of the mass of the explosive used had commonly been made using empirical equations, which did not giveabsolutely reliable results. This paper contains the review of the existing fourteen equations for the preliminary estimation of the mass of explosive based on the crater characteristics and revision of their results through specific experimental explosions, with the values of deviations from the experiments..

    Forensic analysis and modelling of characetristics of crater emerged from thesurface explosion of brisant explosive

    Get PDF
    ΠŸΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡšΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Ρ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π°, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΡ™eΠ½ΠΈΡ… активности спроводи сС изазивањСм Сксплозија. НаимС, Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ СксплозијС користС тСрористи Π·Π° изазивањС страха ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΠ· људскС ΠΆΡ€Ρ‚Π²Π΅, ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½Ρƒ ΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρƒ, ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ™Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ˜Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ сл. ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠΎΡ†ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Π»Π° (изазивањС ΠΎΠΏΡˆΡ‚Π΅ опасности, убистава, Ρ‚Π΅ΡˆΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ’Π° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€.) ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° сС Сксплозија користи Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π»Π°Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ™ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΡƒ Ρƒ ΠΊΡƒΡ›Π΅, становС ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π°Ρ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ сСфова, Π·Π° сврхС Π·Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡ˜Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†Π° са ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· наношСња тСлСсних ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π° ΠΈ сл. Π•Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈ СксплозијС су Π²ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΈ – ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ послСдица Π±Ρ€ΠΈΠ·Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³, фугасног, Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‡Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ сСизмичког Π΄Π΅Ρ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ сС ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ„Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡ˜Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ›Π΅ΡšΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ˜Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π‘Ρ€ΠΈΠ·Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ˜ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ СксплозијС ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ јС Π΄Π΅Ρ˜ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ Ρƒ нСпосрСдном ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ΡšΡƒ ΠΏΡƒΡšΠ΅ΡšΠ°, ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π° Ρƒ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Сксплозија. Од ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ судских Π²Π΅ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΊΠ° суд Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠ° СксплозијС, Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° СксплозијС добија Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ. ΠžΡ‡Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ допринос ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π°Π΄Π° јС Ρƒ области Ρ„ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΡšΠ΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ. Π£ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ оправданости ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π° јС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Π΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° Сксплозивних срСдстава са послСдицама Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠ΄ сСдам Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° (2000.-2006.) Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅. ΠΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ Сксплозивних срСдстава Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π° јС Ρƒ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΡƒ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ…Π°Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½Π΅ послСдицС ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ, Ρ‚Π΅ јС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Π°Π½ сваки допринос Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ΠΌ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Ρ€Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΡƒ ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠ° СксплозијС Π½Π° основу Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°, Ρƒ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°. Π‘Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ аспСкта ΠΎΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ›Π΅ΡšΠ΅ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° јС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Π½ΠΎ Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ могућности ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅ масС ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡˆΡ›Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Сксплозива Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρƒ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΅ΡšΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° Сксплозивног срСдства, ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Сксплозива ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° врстС Сксплозива, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅IIIΠ½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Π”ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° су Ρƒ Π²Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ‚Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ˜ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈ са масом ΠΈ врстом ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡˆΡ›Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Сксплозива. Π£ досадашњој пракси ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ масС ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ™Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Сксплозива Π²Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ јС ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡˆΡ›Π΅ΡšΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ нијС Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ апсолутно ΠΏΠΎΡƒΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅. Π£ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ јС Π΄Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π΅Ρ›ΠΈΡ… чСтрнаСст Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρƒ масС Сксплозива Π½Π° основу карактСристика ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ· Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… СкспСримСнталних Сксплозија ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ врСдности ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡšΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ СкспСримСната...In recent decades a large number of illegal activities are performed with the use of explosion. Namely, explosion effects are used by terrorists in order to cause fear and panic among the population along with human victims, material damage, destruction and disabling of strategically important facilities, etc., as well as by the perpetrators of other criminal offences (causing of general danger, murders, aggravated thefts, etc.) when the explosion is used to overcome obstacles when breaking into houses, apartments and other premises, opening the safe deposit boxes and for intimidation of individuals with or without causing bodily injuries, etc. Explosion effects are multiple – as the consequences of brisant, gaseous, heat, fragmentation and seismic effects, and are mostly manifested in various damages on the surface and surrounding propertys. The brisant effect of the explosion is visible in the immediate surroundings of the charge, mostly in the shape of a crater or a hole in cases of surface explosions. The court requests from the police and the experts to determine the exact cause of an explosion, so studying of explosion effects becomes more important. The expected contribution of this paper is in the area of forensic engineering. The analysis of cases of planting and activation of explosive devices, along with their consequences, on the territory of the Republic of Serbia for the period of seven years (2000 – 2006), was provided as a support to the justification for this research. Activation of explosive devices, whether intentionally or out of negligence, causes damage to property so each contribution is important for the more precise determination of the cause of an explosion based on traces, in this case the crater. From the forensic aspect the damage in the form of a crater is important because of the possibility to estimate the mass of the explosive used for the specific explosion, to find pieces of explosive device, to take samples of explosive from the crater in order to determine the type of explosive, to estimate methods of initiation, etc. Dimensions and shape of the crater are closely connected with the mass and type of the explosive used. Calculation of the mass of the explosive used had commonly been made using empirical equations, which did not giveabsolutely reliable results. This paper contains the review of the existing fourteen equations for the preliminary estimation of the mass of explosive based on the crater characteristics and revision of their results through specific experimental explosions, with the values of deviations from the experiments..

    Estimation of the explosive mass based on the surface explosion crater on asphalt

    Get PDF
    In the course of court trials and for the purpose of legal proceedings, forensic engineers often produce estimations of the explosive mass based on the explosion effect using empirical formulas. This paper describes experimental surface explosions of variable mass of known explosive charge on the asphalt with the objective to make correlations between causes and consequences of an explosion. Dimensions of the resulting craters were measured and an overview of experimental tests and reliability of nine equations for calculating the mass of explosive based on the dimensions of the craters is given. The asphalt surfaces were chosen since the highest number of explosions, which are the results of terrorist or some other criminal acts, occur in urban conditions where asphalt is the dominant surface. Based on the given overview it is possible to give an evaluation of equation's reliability for explosive mass less than 1kg. The paper also gives the proposition of the new equations for preliminary estimation of explosive charge mass based on volume of the crater resulting from the surface explosion on asphalt

    Estimation of the explosive mass based on the surface explosion crater on asphalt

    Get PDF
    U tijeku suΔ‘enja, a za potrebe sudskih postupaka, forenzički inΕΎenjeri često proizvode procjene ksplozivne mase na temelju učinka eksplozije pomoΔ‡u empirijskih formula. Ovaj članak opisuje eksperimentalne povrΕ‘inske eksplozije na asfaltu sa promjenjivom masom poznatog eksplozivnog naboja s ciljem uspostavljanja korelacije izmeΔ‘u uzroka i posljedica eksplozije. Dimenzije proiziΕ‘lih kratera su mjerene i dan je pregled eksperimentalnih ispitivanja i pouzdanost devet jednadΕΎbi za izračunavanje mase eksploziva na temelju dimenzije kratera. Obzirom da se najveΔ‡i broj eksplozija, koje su posljedica terorističkih ili nekih drugih kaznenih djela, dogadja u urbanim uvjetima gdje je asfalt dominantna povrΕ‘ina izabran je asfalt za ispitivanje. Na temelju danog pregleda je moguΔ‡e dati procjenu pouzdanosti jednadΕΎbi za eksplozivne naboje manje od 1 kg. Rad takoΔ‘er daje prijedlog novih jednadΕΎbi za preliminarne procjene mase eksplozivnog punjenja na temelju volumena kratera kao posljedice eksplozije na povrΕ‘ini asfalta.In the course of court trials and for the purpose of legal proceedings, forensic engineers often produce estimations of the explosive mass based on the explosion effect using empirical formulas. This paper describes experimental surface explosions of variable mass of known explosive charge on the asphalt with the objective to make correlations between causes and consequences of an explosion. Dimensions of the resulting craters were measured and an overview of experimental tests and reliability of nine equations for calculating the mass of explosive based on the dimensions of the craters is given. The asphalt surfaces were chosen since the highest number of explosions, which are the results of terrorist or some other criminal acts, occur in urban conditions where asphalt is the dominant surface. Based on the given overview it is possible to give an evaluation of equation’s reliability for explosive mass less than 1 kg. The paper also gives the proposition of the new equations for preliminary estimation of explosive charge mass based on volume of the crater resulting from the surface explosion on asphalt

    Forensic analysis and modelling of characetristics of crater emerged from thesurface explosion of brisant explosive

    No full text
    ΠŸΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡšΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Ρ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π°, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΡ™eΠ½ΠΈΡ… активности спроводи сС изазивањСм Сксплозија. НаимС, Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ СксплозијС користС тСрористи Π·Π° изазивањС страха ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΠ· људскС ΠΆΡ€Ρ‚Π²Π΅, ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½Ρƒ ΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρƒ, ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ™Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ˜Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ сл. ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠΎΡ†ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Π»Π° (изазивањС ΠΎΠΏΡˆΡ‚Π΅ опасности, убистава, Ρ‚Π΅ΡˆΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ’Π° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€.) ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° сС Сксплозија користи Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π»Π°Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ™ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΡƒ Ρƒ ΠΊΡƒΡ›Π΅, становС ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π°Ρ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ сСфова, Π·Π° сврхС Π·Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡ˜Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†Π° са ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· наношСња тСлСсних ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π° ΠΈ сл. Π•Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈ СксплозијС су Π²ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΈ – ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ послСдица Π±Ρ€ΠΈΠ·Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³, фугасног, Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‡Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ сСизмичког Π΄Π΅Ρ˜ΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ сС ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ„Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡ˜Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ›Π΅ΡšΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ˜Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π‘Ρ€ΠΈΠ·Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ˜ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ СксплозијС ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ јС Π΄Π΅Ρ˜ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ Ρƒ нСпосрСдном ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ΡšΡƒ ΠΏΡƒΡšΠ΅ΡšΠ°, ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π° Ρƒ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Сксплозија. Од ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ судских Π²Π΅ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΊΠ° суд Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠ° СксплозијС, Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° СксплозијС добија Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ. ΠžΡ‡Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ допринос ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π°Π΄Π° јС Ρƒ области Ρ„ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΡšΠ΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ. Π£ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ оправданости ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π° јС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Π΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° Сксплозивних срСдстава са послСдицама Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠ΄ сСдам Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° (2000.-2006.) Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ Π Π΅ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ˜Π΅. ΠΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ Сксплозивних срСдстава Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π° јС Ρƒ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΡƒ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ…Π°Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½Π΅ послСдицС ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ, Ρ‚Π΅ јС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Π°Π½ сваки допринос Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ΠΌ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Ρ€Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΡƒ ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠ° СксплозијС Π½Π° основу Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°, Ρƒ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°. Π‘Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ аспСкта ΠΎΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ›Π΅ΡšΠ΅ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° јС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Π½ΠΎ Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ могућности ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅ масС ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡˆΡ›Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Сксплозива Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρƒ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΅ΡšΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° Сксплозивног срСдства, ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Сксплозива ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° врстС Сксплозива, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅ III Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Π”ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° су Ρƒ Π²Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ‚Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ˜ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈ са масом ΠΈ врстом ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡˆΡ›Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Сксплозива. Π£ досадашњој пракси ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ масС ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ™Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Сксплозива Π²Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ јС ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡˆΡ›Π΅ΡšΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ нијС Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ апсолутно ΠΏΠΎΡƒΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅. Π£ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ јС Π΄Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π΅Ρ›ΠΈΡ… чСтрнаСст Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρƒ масС Сксплозива Π½Π° основу карактСристика ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ· Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… СкспСримСнталних Сксплозија ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ врСдности ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡšΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ СкспСримСната...In recent decades a large number of illegal activities are performed with the use of explosion. Namely, explosion effects are used by terrorists in order to cause fear and panic among the population along with human victims, material damage, destruction and disabling of strategically important facilities, etc., as well as by the perpetrators of other criminal offences (causing of general danger, murders, aggravated thefts, etc.) when the explosion is used to overcome obstacles when breaking into houses, apartments and other premises, opening the safe deposit boxes and for intimidation of individuals with or without causing bodily injuries, etc. Explosion effects are multiple – as the consequences of brisant, gaseous, heat, fragmentation and seismic effects, and are mostly manifested in various damages on the surface and surrounding propertys. The brisant effect of the explosion is visible in the immediate surroundings of the charge, mostly in the shape of a crater or a hole in cases of surface explosions. The court requests from the police and the experts to determine the exact cause of an explosion, so studying of explosion effects becomes more important. The expected contribution of this paper is in the area of forensic engineering. The analysis of cases of planting and activation of explosive devices, along with their consequences, on the territory of the Republic of Serbia for the period of seven years (2000 – 2006), was provided as a support to the justification for this research. Activation of explosive devices, whether intentionally or out of negligence, causes damage to property so each contribution is important for the more precise determination of the cause of an explosion based on traces, in this case the crater. From the forensic aspect the damage in the form of a crater is important because of the possibility to estimate the mass of the explosive used for the specific explosion, to find pieces of explosive device, to take samples of explosive from the crater in order to determine the type of explosive, to estimate methods of initiation, etc. Dimensions and shape of the crater are closely connected with the mass and type of the explosive used. Calculation of the mass of the explosive used had commonly been made using empirical equations, which did not giveabsolutely reliable results. This paper contains the review of the existing fourteen equations for the preliminary estimation of the mass of explosive based on the crater characteristics and revision of their results through specific experimental explosions, with the values of deviations from the experiments..

    Development of latent fingermarks by electrochemical deposition of nickel on brass surfaces

    No full text
    Introduction/purpose of the research: Latent fingermarks can be found on the crime scene on various surfaces and made visible by different forensic methods. As this evidence can often be found on brass surfaces (ammunition casings, decorative items, etc.) the paper discusses the possibilities of applying electrochemical deposition of nickel on brass. The condition for the application of this technique is the existence of a conductive substrate. Fatty components of latent fingermarks have insulating properties and prevent the electrodeposition process. Methods: Experimental thin rectangular pieces of brass foil were used as substrates for latent fingermarks. Samples were degreased in acetone and ethyl alcohol, rinsed in deionized water, and dried in a stream of compressed air before leaving the fingermarks. To enhance the presence of sweat on friction ridges, the hand was placed in the silicone glove for five minutes. A slight touch of the index finger was left on the tiles. Fingermarks were developed on brass samples by fingerprint powder and the electrochemical deposition of nickel on another brass surface simultaneously. In order to obtain the best possible evidence, the parameters affecting the deposition rate (current density, deposition time) were changed until a clear fingermark was obtained. Results: The fingermarks were compared visually using a magnifying glass with illumination to observe the contrast between the papillary lines and the interpapillary space and the characteristic details (minutiae). The optimal results were achieved with the current density (deposition rate) of 50mA/cm2 for 10s. Conclusion: Electrochemical deposition of nickel on brass is an applicable technique for developing latent fingermarks with certain limitations
    corecore