6 research outputs found
Forensic analysis and modelling of characetristics of crater emerged from thesurface explosion of brisant explosive
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΡeΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅, Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ· ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΆΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ». ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅Π»Π° (ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.) ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅, Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°, Π·Π° ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ». ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ β ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³, ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³, ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³, ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΡΠΎ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. Π£ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° (2000.-2006.) Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π Π΅ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ
Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°, Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π‘Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅IIIΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡ Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π°. Π£ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅. Π£ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°...In recent decades a large number of illegal activities are performed with the use of explosion. Namely, explosion effects are used by terrorists in order to cause fear and panic among the population along with human victims, material damage, destruction and disabling of strategically important facilities, etc., as well as by the perpetrators of other criminal offences (causing of general danger, murders, aggravated thefts, etc.) when the explosion is used to overcome obstacles when breaking into houses, apartments and other premises, opening the safe deposit boxes and for intimidation of individuals with or without causing bodily injuries, etc. Explosion effects are multiple β as the consequences of brisant, gaseous, heat, fragmentation and seismic effects, and are mostly manifested in various damages on the surface and surrounding propertys. The brisant effect of the explosion is visible in the immediate surroundings of the charge, mostly in the shape of a crater or a hole in cases of surface explosions. The court requests from the police and the experts to determine the exact cause of an explosion, so studying of explosion effects becomes more important. The expected contribution of this paper is in the area of forensic engineering. The analysis of cases of planting and activation of explosive devices, along with their consequences, on the territory of the Republic of Serbia for the period of seven years (2000 β 2006), was provided as a support to the justification for this research. Activation of explosive devices, whether intentionally or out of negligence, causes damage to property so each contribution is important for the more precise determination of the cause of an explosion based on traces, in this case the crater. From the forensic aspect the damage in the form of a crater is important because of the possibility to estimate the mass of the explosive used for the specific explosion, to find pieces of explosive device, to take samples of explosive from the crater in order to determine the type of explosive, to estimate methods of initiation, etc. Dimensions and shape of the crater are closely connected with the mass and type of the explosive used. Calculation of the mass of the explosive used had commonly been made using empirical equations, which did not giveabsolutely reliable results. This paper contains the review of the existing fourteen equations for the preliminary estimation of the mass of explosive based on the crater characteristics and revision of their results through specific experimental explosions, with the values of deviations from the experiments..
Forensic analysis and modelling of characetristics of crater emerged from thesurface explosion of brisant explosive
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΡeΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅, Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ· ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΆΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ». ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅Π»Π° (ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.) ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅, Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°, Π·Π° ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ». ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ β ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³, ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³, ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³, ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΡΠΎ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. Π£ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° (2000.-2006.) Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π Π΅ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ
Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°, Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π‘Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅IIIΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡ Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π°. Π£ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅. Π£ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°...In recent decades a large number of illegal activities are performed with the use of explosion. Namely, explosion effects are used by terrorists in order to cause fear and panic among the population along with human victims, material damage, destruction and disabling of strategically important facilities, etc., as well as by the perpetrators of other criminal offences (causing of general danger, murders, aggravated thefts, etc.) when the explosion is used to overcome obstacles when breaking into houses, apartments and other premises, opening the safe deposit boxes and for intimidation of individuals with or without causing bodily injuries, etc. Explosion effects are multiple β as the consequences of brisant, gaseous, heat, fragmentation and seismic effects, and are mostly manifested in various damages on the surface and surrounding propertys. The brisant effect of the explosion is visible in the immediate surroundings of the charge, mostly in the shape of a crater or a hole in cases of surface explosions. The court requests from the police and the experts to determine the exact cause of an explosion, so studying of explosion effects becomes more important. The expected contribution of this paper is in the area of forensic engineering. The analysis of cases of planting and activation of explosive devices, along with their consequences, on the territory of the Republic of Serbia for the period of seven years (2000 β 2006), was provided as a support to the justification for this research. Activation of explosive devices, whether intentionally or out of negligence, causes damage to property so each contribution is important for the more precise determination of the cause of an explosion based on traces, in this case the crater. From the forensic aspect the damage in the form of a crater is important because of the possibility to estimate the mass of the explosive used for the specific explosion, to find pieces of explosive device, to take samples of explosive from the crater in order to determine the type of explosive, to estimate methods of initiation, etc. Dimensions and shape of the crater are closely connected with the mass and type of the explosive used. Calculation of the mass of the explosive used had commonly been made using empirical equations, which did not giveabsolutely reliable results. This paper contains the review of the existing fourteen equations for the preliminary estimation of the mass of explosive based on the crater characteristics and revision of their results through specific experimental explosions, with the values of deviations from the experiments..
Estimation of the explosive mass based on the surface explosion crater on asphalt
In the course of court trials and for the purpose of legal proceedings, forensic engineers often produce estimations of the explosive mass based on the explosion effect using empirical formulas. This paper describes experimental surface explosions of variable mass of known explosive charge on the asphalt with the objective to make correlations between causes and consequences of an explosion. Dimensions of the resulting craters were measured and an overview of experimental tests and reliability of nine equations for calculating the mass of explosive based on the dimensions of the craters is given. The asphalt surfaces were chosen since the highest number of explosions, which are the results of terrorist or some other criminal acts, occur in urban conditions where asphalt is the dominant surface. Based on the given overview it is possible to give an evaluation of equation's reliability for explosive mass less than 1kg. The paper also gives the proposition of the new equations for preliminary estimation of explosive charge mass based on volume of the crater resulting from the surface explosion on asphalt
Estimation of the explosive mass based on the surface explosion crater on asphalt
U tijeku suΔenja, a za potrebe sudskih postupaka, forenziΔki inΕΎenjeri Δesto proizvode procjene ksplozivne mase na temelju uΔinka eksplozije pomoΔu empirijskih formula. Ovaj Δlanak opisuje eksperimentalne povrΕ‘inske eksplozije na asfaltu sa promjenjivom masom poznatog eksplozivnog naboja s ciljem uspostavljanja korelacije izmeΔu uzroka i posljedica eksplozije. Dimenzije proiziΕ‘lih kratera su mjerene i dan je pregled eksperimentalnih ispitivanja i pouzdanost devet jednadΕΎbi za izraΔunavanje mase eksploziva na temelju dimenzije kratera. Obzirom da se najveΔi broj eksplozija, koje su posljedica teroristiΔkih ili nekih drugih kaznenih djela, dogadja u urbanim uvjetima gdje je asfalt dominantna povrΕ‘ina izabran je asfalt za ispitivanje. Na temelju danog pregleda je moguΔe dati procjenu pouzdanosti jednadΕΎbi za eksplozivne naboje manje od 1 kg. Rad takoΔer daje prijedlog novih jednadΕΎbi za preliminarne procjene mase eksplozivnog punjenja na temelju volumena kratera kao posljedice eksplozije na povrΕ‘ini asfalta.In the course of court trials and for the purpose of legal proceedings, forensic engineers often produce estimations of the explosive mass based on the explosion effect using empirical formulas. This paper describes experimental surface explosions of variable mass of known explosive charge on the asphalt with the objective to make correlations between causes and consequences of an explosion. Dimensions of the resulting craters were measured and an overview of experimental tests and reliability of nine equations for calculating the mass of explosive based on the dimensions of the craters is given. The asphalt surfaces were chosen since the highest number of explosions, which are the results of terrorist or some other criminal acts, occur in urban conditions where asphalt is the dominant surface. Based on the given overview it is possible to give an evaluation of equationβs reliability for explosive mass less than 1 kg. The paper also gives the proposition of the new equations for preliminary estimation of explosive charge mass based on volume of the crater resulting from the surface explosion on asphalt
Forensic analysis and modelling of characetristics of crater emerged from thesurface explosion of brisant explosive
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΡeΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅, Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ· ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΆΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ». ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅Π»Π° (ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.) ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅, Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°, Π·Π° ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ». ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ β ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³, ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³, ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³, ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΡΠΎ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. Π£ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° (2000.-2006.) Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π Π΅ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ
Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°, Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π‘Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅
III
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡ Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π°. Π£ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅. Π£ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°...In recent decades a large number of illegal activities are performed with the use of explosion. Namely, explosion effects are used by terrorists in order to cause fear and panic among the population along with human victims, material damage, destruction and disabling of strategically important facilities, etc., as well as by the perpetrators of other criminal offences (causing of general danger, murders, aggravated thefts, etc.) when the explosion is used to overcome obstacles when breaking into houses, apartments and other premises, opening the safe deposit boxes and for intimidation of individuals with or without causing bodily injuries, etc. Explosion effects are multiple β as the consequences of brisant, gaseous, heat, fragmentation and seismic effects, and are mostly manifested in various damages on the surface and surrounding propertys. The brisant effect of the explosion is visible in the immediate surroundings of the charge, mostly in the shape of a crater or a hole in cases of surface explosions. The court requests from the police and the experts to determine the exact cause of an explosion, so studying of explosion effects becomes more important. The expected contribution of this paper is in the area of forensic engineering. The analysis of cases of planting and activation of explosive devices, along with their consequences, on the territory of the Republic of Serbia for the period of seven years (2000 β 2006), was provided as a support to the justification for this research. Activation of explosive devices, whether intentionally or out of negligence, causes damage to property so each contribution is important for the more precise determination of the cause of an explosion based on traces, in this case the crater. From the forensic aspect the damage in the form of a crater is important because of the possibility to estimate the mass of the explosive used for the specific explosion, to find pieces of explosive device, to take samples of explosive from the crater in order to determine the type of explosive, to estimate methods of initiation, etc. Dimensions and shape of the crater are closely connected with the mass and type of the explosive used. Calculation of the mass of the explosive used had commonly been made using empirical equations, which did not giveabsolutely reliable results. This paper contains the review of the existing fourteen equations for the preliminary estimation of the mass of explosive based on the crater characteristics and revision of their results through specific experimental explosions, with the values of deviations from the experiments..
Development of latent fingermarks by electrochemical deposition of nickel on brass surfaces
Introduction/purpose of the research: Latent fingermarks can be found on the crime scene on various surfaces and made visible by different forensic methods. As this evidence can often be found on brass surfaces (ammunition casings, decorative items, etc.) the paper discusses the possibilities of applying electrochemical deposition of nickel on brass. The condition for the application of this technique is the existence of a conductive substrate. Fatty components of latent fingermarks have insulating properties and prevent the electrodeposition process. Methods: Experimental thin rectangular pieces of brass foil were used as substrates for latent fingermarks. Samples were degreased in acetone and ethyl alcohol, rinsed in deionized water, and dried in a stream of compressed air before leaving the fingermarks. To enhance the presence of sweat on friction ridges, the hand was placed in the silicone glove for five minutes. A slight touch of the index finger was left on the tiles. Fingermarks were developed on brass samples by fingerprint powder and the electrochemical deposition of nickel on another brass surface simultaneously. In order to obtain the best possible evidence, the parameters affecting the deposition rate (current density, deposition time) were changed until a clear fingermark was obtained. Results: The fingermarks were compared visually using a magnifying glass with illumination to observe the contrast between the papillary lines and the interpapillary space and the characteristic details (minutiae). The optimal results were achieved with the current density (deposition rate) of 50mA/cm2 for 10s. Conclusion: Electrochemical deposition of nickel on brass is an applicable technique for developing latent fingermarks with certain limitations