Entre Senegâmbia e Angola: comércio atlântico, protagonismo africano e dinâmicas regionais (séculos XVII e XIX)

Este artigo tem por intenção discutir o funcionamento do comércio de longa distância no interior de duas regiões que foram profundamente integradas às malhas do comércio atlântico, a Senegâmbia e a Angola Central, em dois momentos de reconfiguração econômica dessas macrorregiões: a intensificação do contato dos povos da Senegâmbia com o comércio atlântico nos séculos XVI e XVII e as novas demandas por gêneros coloniais de Angola em meados do XIX, após a proibição legal do tráfico de escravizados. Para isso, analisamos as dinâmicas sociais e econômicas pré-existentes nas regiões, os agentes comerciais envolvidos neste comércio, bem como a circulação de mercadorias atlânticas, debatendo por fim sobre as transformações políticas, sociais e econômicas causadas por esses processos históricos.Palavras-chave: comércio atlântico | agência | Senegâmbia | Planalto Central angolano.  Abstract:This article discusses the operation of long distance trade within two regions that have been deeply integrated into networks of Atlantic commerce, Senegambia and Central Angola, during two periods when these macro-regions were undergoing economic reconfiguration: the intensification of contact by Senegambian peoples with Atlantic trade in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the new demands for colonial goods from Angola in the mid-1800s, after the real prohibition of the slave trade. Thus, we analyze the preexisting social and economic dynamics in the regions, the commercial agents, and the circulation of Atlantic goods, debating the political, social and economic transformations caused by these historical processes.Keywords: atlantic commerce | agency | Senegambia | Angolan Central Highlands

Energy storage system to supply the public illuminating system during the peak demand

RESUMENEn este artículo se presenta un análisis técnico y económico de una alternativa de solución para el problema causado en la distribución de energía eléctrica al sistema público de alumbrado durante las horas de máxima demanda. La alternativa propuesta considera el uso de un conjunto rectificador-baterla-invertidor, el cual es automáticamente recargado durante el período de baja demanda. Se realizaron simulaciones por computador para estudiar la factibilidad de impiementación del sistema propuesto. Estimaciones de costo indican que el costo de operación del sistema por 30 minutos de operación es del orden de US$2000/kW, mientras que la inversión necesaria para este sistema es del orden de US$ 4000/kW. Esto demuestra que la solución propuesta es técnica y económicamente factible. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis article shows a technical and economic analysis of a solution for the problem produced in the distribution of electrical energy to the public illuminating system during the peak demand period. The proposed alternative considers the use of a rectifier-battery-inverter set, which is automatically recharged during the period of low demand. Computer simulations were carried out to study the feasibility of the proposed system. Cost estimations indicate that the cost of operating the system for 30 minutes is of the order of US$2000/kW, while the necessary investment for this system is of the order of US$ 4000/kW. This shows that the proposed solution is both technical and economically feasible

Preliminarno ispitivanje antimikotskog i citotoksičnog djelovanja derivata cikloalkil[b]tiofena PLS-DA analizom

A series of 2-[(arylidene)amino]-cycloalkyl[b]thiophene-3-carbonitriles (2a-x) was synthesized by incorporation of substituted aromatic aldehydes in Gewald adducts (1a-c). The title compounds were screened for their antifungal activity against Candida krusei and Criptococcusneoformans and for their antiproliferative activity against a panel of 3 human cancer cell lines (HT29, NCI H-292 and HEP). Forantiproliferative activity, the partial least squares (PLS) methodology was applied. Some of the prepared compounds exhibited promising antifungal and proliferative properties. The most active compounds for antifungal activity were cyclohexyl[b]thiophene derivatives, and forantiproliferative activity cycloheptyl[b]thiophene derivatives, especially 2-[(1H-indol-2-yl-methylidene)amino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (2r), which inhibited more than 97 % growth of the three cell lines. The PLS discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)applied generated good exploratory and predictive results and showed that the descriptors having shape characteristics were strongly correlated with the biological data.Koristeći supstituirane aromatske aldehide u Gewaldovim aduktima 1a-c sintetizirani su derivati 2-[(ariliden)amino]-cikloalkil[b]tiofen-3-karbonitrila (2a-x). Ispitano je antimikotsko djelovanje tih spojeva na gljivice Candida krusei i Criptococcus neoformans te antiproliferativno djelovanje na tri humane tumorske stanične linije (HT29, NCI H-292 i HEP). Za antiproliferativno djelovanje primijenjena je metoda parcijalnih najmanjih kvadrata (PLS) koristeći softverski program Pentacle. Neki od ispitanih spojeva pokazuju obećavajuće antimikotsko i antiproliferativno djelovanje. Najjače antimikotsko djelovanje imaju cikloheksil[b]tiofen derivati, a najjače antiproliferativno djelovanje cikloheptil[b]tiofen derivati, posebice 2-[(1H-indol-2-il-metiliden)amino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahidro-4H-ciklohepta[b]tiofen-3-karbonitril (2r), koji inhibira više od 97 % rast svih triju ispitivanih staničnih linija. Primijenjena PLS diskriminirajuća analiza dala je dobre istraživačke i prognostičke rezultate i pokazala da deskriptori dobro koreliraju s biološkim rezultatima

Exposure computational models with voxel phantoms coupled to EGSnrc Monte Carlo code

In computational dosimetry of ionizing radiation, the energy deposited in radiosensitive organs and tissues is evaluated when an anthropomorphic simulator (phantom) is irradiated using Exposure Computational Models (ECMs). An ECM is a virtual scene with a phantom positioned mathematically relative to a radioactive source. The initial state includes information like the type of primary particle, its energy, starting point coordinates, and direction. Subsequently, robust Monte Carlo (MC) codes are used to simulate the particle's mean free path, interaction with the medium's atoms, and energy deposition. These are common steps for simulations involving photons and/or primary electrons. The GDN (Research Group on Numerical Dosimetry and the Research Group on Computational Dosimetry and Embedded Systems) has published ECMs with voxel phantoms irradiated by photons using the MC code EGSnrc. This work has led to specific computational tools development for various numerical dosimetry stages, including input file preparation, ECM execution, and result analysis. Since 2004, the GDN developed in-house applications like FANTOMAS, CALDose_X, DIP, and MonteCarlo. Certain previously used phantoms are reintroduced to provide historical context in the ECMs' production timeline, emphasizing additive modifications inherent in systematic theme studies. The dosimetric evaluations used the binary version of the MASH (Male Adult mesh) phantom, converted to the SID (Dosimetric Information System) text file type. This format has been used by the group since 2021 to couple a voxel phantom to the EGSnrc user code. The ECM included an environmental dosimetry problem simulation. Most of these tools are accessible on the GDN page (http://dosimetrianumerica.org)

Non-periodized and Daily Undulating Periodized Resistance Training on Blood Pressure of Older Women

The present study aimed at investigating the effects of a daily undulating periodization (DUP) and non-periodized (NP) resistance training programs on hemodynamic parameters of older women. Forty-two older women were randomized into one of the three experimental groups: NP, DUP, and control group (CG). Evaluations of the hemodynamic parameters occurred before, during and after the intervention. The exercise programs were performed twice a week over 22 weeks. NP and DUP groups were based on 3 sets of 8–10 repetitions in 9 exercises. In NP, the two exercise sessions were based on traditional strength training, which was performed at a Difficult intensity according to the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. In DUP, the first session was based on power resistance exercise, in which the concentric muscle contraction was performed as fast as possible at a moderate intensity based on RPE, while the second session was the same that was performed by NP. The findings demonstrated that diastolic blood pressure (90.4 vs. 76.2 mmHg) and mean arterial pressure (108.6 vs. 92.7 mmHg) were significantly reduced after NP, while no significant alterations were observed in DUP. Nevertheless, both training groups seem to have a cardio protective effect, since both training modes prevented the increase in HR reported in the experimental period in CG. In conclusion, our findings indicate that a 22-week NP resistance training program causes beneficial effects on hemodynamic parameters of older women.Trial Registration: NCT03443375