LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE GENE GENOTYPIZATION FOR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION IN A FISH FARM ON THE RIVER NERETVA

There are severale Salmonid species, found in the river Neretva basin, among which S. trutta and S. obtusirostris. Also, natural hybrids such as S. obtusirostris x S. trutta have been observed. In one fish farm on the river Neretva, S. trutta and S. obtusirostris were decided to breed separately. Parental fishes were separated phenotypicaly on the basis of the morphological signs. PCR-RFLP analysis of the exon 3 to exon 4 part of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) C1* gene with restriction endonuclease RsaI was employed to identify the presence of other species representatives or intercrosses in two groups of juvenille fishes. Using this method, we were able to identify two S. trutta representatives in the S. obtusirostris group

Pathohistological approach to liver transplantation

Jetra je vitalni organ čovjeka. Ima važnu ulogu u metabolizmu hranjivih tvari i lijekova, sintezi proteina i filtraciji krvi. Zbog svoje složene građe i mnogobrojnih funkcija jetra je često sijelo bolesti. Postoje mnogobrojna patološka stanja jetre, no u kontekstu transplantacijske patologije najbitnija su ona koja dovode do akutnog zatajenja jetre, kroničnog zatajenja jetre i ciroze. Ove bolesti liječe se transplantacijom jetre. Transplantacijska patologija bavi se bolestima koje se pojavljuju na alotransplantatu: prezervacijsko oštećenje, vaskularne komplikacije, komplikacije žučnih vodova, odbacivanje organa, infekcije i recidivirajuće bolesti. Prezervacijsko oštećenje nastaje kao posljedica produljenog vremena tople i hladne ishemije. Vaskularne komplikacije i komplikacije žučnih vodova najčešće su posljedica kirurških komplikacija. Infekcije hepatitis B virusom i hepatitis C virusom često recidiviraju i progresivno vode do zatajenja alotransplantata. Odbacivanje organa dijeli se na humoralno, akutno i kronično. Recidivirajuće bolesti uključuju infektivne, imunološke, tumorske i toksične bolesti jetre. Glavna dijagnostička metoda većine ovih stanja je biopsija jetre i patohistološki pregled tkiva. Međutim mikroskopska slika ovih bolesti često je nespecifična i vrlo isprepletena. Neke bolesti posebno je teško razlikovati samo na temelju mikroskopske slike. Zbog toga je potrebno poznavati vrijeme proteklo od transplantacije, kliničku sliku bolesti i stanje pacijenta te široku diferencijalnu dijagnozu koja dolazi u obzir.The liver is a vital human organ. It has an important role in nutrient and drug metabolism, protein synthesis and blood filtration. Because of its complex structure and multiple functions the liver is a common site of diseases. There are lots of possible pathological states of the liver, but in the context of liver transplantation pathology the most important are: acute liver failure, chronic liver failure and cirrhosis. These diseases are treated with liver transplantation. Transplantation pathology covers diseases that occur on the allograft: preservation injury, vascular complications, bile duct complications, rejection, infections and reccurent diseases. Preservation injury occurs due to prolonged cold and hot ischemia. Vascular complications and bile duct complications are usually a result of surgical complications. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections commonly recur in the allograft and lead to progressive allograft failure. Liver rejection is divided into humoral, acute and chronic. Recurrent diseases include infective, immune, neoplastic and toxic liver diseases. The main diagnostic method for most of these diseases is liver biopsy and pathohistological tissue examination. However the microscopic findings can be unspecific and overlapping. Some diseases can be difficult to distinguish based on microscopic findings alone. Therefore it is important to know the time after transplantation, the clinical presentation of the disease and the broad differential diagnosis that needs to be considere

Carcass Composition and Meat Quality of Crna Slavonska Pigs from Two Different Housing Conditions

The aim of the study was to compare carcass composition and meat quality of pigs held in two housing systems suitable for production of Crna slavonska pigs. The experiment was conducted on 104 Crna Slavonska pigs (equal number of barrows and gilts) from two housing systems, outdoor (n=56) and indoor (deep bedding, n=48). The pigs in the outdoor group were reared until 18 months of age, and pigs in deep bedding group were raised until 15 months of age. After reaching the final age, the pigs were sacrificed and following carcass and meat quality traits were determined at the slaughter house and in laboratory: backfat and muscle thickness, length of the carcass from os pubis to atlas and from os pubis to 1st rib, ham length and circumference, loin eye area and fat area of longissimus lumborum muscle, pH values, water holding capacity and drip loss, colour reflectance scores (CIE L* a* b*) and instrumental tenderness. The carcasses of the pigs raised outdoors had lower backfat thickness, higher muscle thickness and lower fat area than pigs raised on deep bedding. Their carcasses were longer with longer hams. However, their ham circumference, as well as the loin eye area was lower than in pigs raised on deep bedding indicating higher production of muscle tissue in the latter. Out of investigated meat quality traits, the pigs raised outdoor had lower pH24 values measured in logissimus lumborum muscle and in semimembranosus muscle, higher drip loss and water holding capacity, higher cooking loss and yellowness (CIE b*)

TROTTER’S EXTERIOR CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SPORT RESULTS

Trkaći konji su jedna od najvrjednijih kategorija u uzgoju sportskih konja, a vrijede onoliko koliko su značajni njihovi plasmani na klasnim utrkama, koji donose novčanu zaradu. Brojnost kasačkih grla, pravilni treninzi, hranidba, održavanje trka, kvalitetnije trkaće staze i stručnost uzgajivača i trenera mogu podići genetsku kakvoću hrvatskog uzgoja kasača. S obzirom da je uzgojni cilj isključivo usmjeren postizanju veće brzine i izdržljivosti u kasu, manje pažnje posvećeno je vanjštini. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti morfološka svojstva kasača i njihovu povezanost, odnosno utjecaj tjelesnih mjera na rekordno istrčano vrijeme u utrkama. Istraživanje morfoloških svojstava odnosilo se na izmjerenih 15 tjelesnih mjera 11 kobila i 9 pastuha pasmine hrvatski kasač. Prosječna visina grebena štapom istraživanjem obuhvaćenog uzorka iznosila je 153.63 cm. Utvrđeno je da su pastusi imali statistički visoko značajno (P<0.01) veću visinu grebena i širinu ramena u odnosu na kobile. Pastusi su imali statistički vrlo visoko značajno (P<0.001) duže sapi u odnosu na kobile, a kobile su u odnosu na pastuhe imale statistički značajno (P<0.05) šire sapi. Pastusi su bili vrlo visoko značajno (P<0.001) brži od kobila. Rekordno istrčano vrijeme bilo je u negativnoj korelaciji s visinom grebena (vrpcom i štapom), obujmom grudi, širinom sapi te s visinama leđa, sapi i korijena repa. Sve ostale tjelesne izmjere nisu bile značajno, već samo pozitivno povezane s rekordno istrčanim vremenom u utrci.Racehorses are one of the most valuable categories in sport horse breeding, and their value is worth their rank at class races, which bring financial income. The number of trotters, regular training, nourishment, races and qualitative running tracks as well as the competence of breeders and trainers can raise the genetic quality of the Croatian trotter breeding. The breeding aim is exclusively directed to higher speed achievement and trot endurance, less attention is drawn to the exterior. The aim of this work was to elaborate the morphological characteristics of trotters and the influence of physical measurements on the record time at trotter races. The morphological characteristics research referred to 15 physical measurements of 11 mares and 9 stallions of the breed Croatian trotter. The average withers height of the research included sample was 153.63 cm. It was established that stallions had statistically significantly higher withers (P<0.01) related to mares. Shoulders width was in stallions statistically significantly higher (P<0.01) related to mares. Stallions had statistically highly significantly longer crupper (P<0.001) related to mares, and mares had statistically significantly (P<0.05) wider crupper. The stallions were highly significantly faster (P<0.001) than mares. The record time at races was in negative correlation with the withers height, the chest girth, back height, crupper and tail root height and with crupper width measured with a tape and a rod. All other physical measures were not significantly, but positively related to record running time

Relationship between recipient and donor factors and kidney transplant outcome

Cilj: Iako je transplantacija bubrega najbolja metoda nadomještanja bubrežne funkcije, još uvijek postoji potreba za poboljšanjem dugoročnih ishoda. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi neovisnu povezanost demografskih čimbenika primatelja i darivatelja, osnovne bubrežne bolesti, trajanja liječenja dijalizom, tkivne nepodudarnosti i senzibilizacije s ishodima transplantacije u suvremenoj kohorti pacijenata kojima je presađen bubreg. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje su uključeni pacijenti kojima je transplantiran bubreg u Kliničkoj bolnici Merkur od lipnja 2007. do kraja 2018. god. Ishodi transplantacije praćeni su do 31. 12. 2019. godine. Najkraće vrijeme praćenja bila je jedna godina. Podaci su prikupljeni korištenjem izvješća iz aplikacije Eurotransplant Network Information System (ENIS; www.eurotransplant.org). Preživljenje je prikazano Kaplan-Meierovim krivuljama. Povezanost preživljenja s određenim obilježjima primatelja i darivatelja analizirana je univarijatnom i multivarijatnom Coxovom regresijom. Rezultati: U razdoblju od lipnja 2007. do konca 2018. presađeno je 480 bubrega u 472 pacijenta. 10-godišnje preživljenje pacijenata iznosilo je 72 %. Desetgodišnje preživljenje bubrega cenzurirano za smrt pacijenata s bubregom u funkciji bilo je 93 %. U multivarijatnoj analizi jedino dob primatelja pri transplantaciji, šećerna bolest kao uzrok osnovne bubrežne bolesti i trajanje liječenja dijalizom ostali su neovisno povezani s preživljenjem pacijenata. Zaključak: Transplantacija bubrega rezultira odličnim dugoročnim preživljenjem bubrega. Potrebno je poboljšati dugoročno preživljenje pacijenata, prevencijom, ranim otkrivanjem i intenzivnim liječenjem kroničnih bolesti.Aim: Although kidney transplantation is the best method of replacing renal function, there is still a need to improve long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the independent association of recipient and donor demographic factors, underlying renal disease, duration of dialysis treatment, tissue typing mismatch, and sensitization with transplant outcomes in a contemporary cohort of kidney transplant patients. Patients and methods: The study included patients who had a kidney transplantation at Clinical Hospital Merkur from June 2007 to the end of 2018. Transplant outcomes were monitored until December 31, 2019. The minimum follow-up time was 1 year. Data were collected using reports from the Eurotransplant Network Information System (ENIS) application (www.eurotransplant.org). Survival is shown by Kaplan-Meier curves. The association of survival with specific recipient and donor characteristics was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Results: In the period from June 2007 to the end of 2018, 480 kidneys were transplanted in 472 patients. The 10-year patient survival was 72%. Ten-year renal survival censored for the death of renal function patients was 93%. In the multivariate analysis, only recipient age at transplantation, diabetes as the cause of underlying renal disease and duration of dialysis remained independently associated with patient survival. Conclusion: Long-term graft survival is excellent after kidney transplantation. Long-term patient survival can be improved by prevention, early detection and intensive treatment of chronic diseases

Pathohistological approach to liver transplantation

Jetra je vitalni organ čovjeka. Ima važnu ulogu u metabolizmu hranjivih tvari i lijekova, sintezi proteina i filtraciji krvi. Zbog svoje složene građe i mnogobrojnih funkcija jetra je često sijelo bolesti. Postoje mnogobrojna patološka stanja jetre, no u kontekstu transplantacijske patologije najbitnija su ona koja dovode do akutnog zatajenja jetre, kroničnog zatajenja jetre i ciroze. Ove bolesti liječe se transplantacijom jetre. Transplantacijska patologija bavi se bolestima koje se pojavljuju na alotransplantatu: prezervacijsko oštećenje, vaskularne komplikacije, komplikacije žučnih vodova, odbacivanje organa, infekcije i recidivirajuće bolesti. Prezervacijsko oštećenje nastaje kao posljedica produljenog vremena tople i hladne ishemije. Vaskularne komplikacije i komplikacije žučnih vodova najčešće su posljedica kirurških komplikacija. Infekcije hepatitis B virusom i hepatitis C virusom često recidiviraju i progresivno vode do zatajenja alotransplantata. Odbacivanje organa dijeli se na humoralno, akutno i kronično. Recidivirajuće bolesti uključuju infektivne, imunološke, tumorske i toksične bolesti jetre. Glavna dijagnostička metoda većine ovih stanja je biopsija jetre i patohistološki pregled tkiva. Međutim mikroskopska slika ovih bolesti često je nespecifična i vrlo isprepletena. Neke bolesti posebno je teško razlikovati samo na temelju mikroskopske slike. Zbog toga je potrebno poznavati vrijeme proteklo od transplantacije, kliničku sliku bolesti i stanje pacijenta te široku diferencijalnu dijagnozu koja dolazi u obzir.The liver is a vital human organ. It has an important role in nutrient and drug metabolism, protein synthesis and blood filtration. Because of its complex structure and multiple functions the liver is a common site of diseases. There are lots of possible pathological states of the liver, but in the context of liver transplantation pathology the most important are: acute liver failure, chronic liver failure and cirrhosis. These diseases are treated with liver transplantation. Transplantation pathology covers diseases that occur on the allograft: preservation injury, vascular complications, bile duct complications, rejection, infections and reccurent diseases. Preservation injury occurs due to prolonged cold and hot ischemia. Vascular complications and bile duct complications are usually a result of surgical complications. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections commonly recur in the allograft and lead to progressive allograft failure. Liver rejection is divided into humoral, acute and chronic. Recurrent diseases include infective, immune, neoplastic and toxic liver diseases. The main diagnostic method for most of these diseases is liver biopsy and pathohistological tissue examination. However the microscopic findings can be unspecific and overlapping. Some diseases can be difficult to distinguish based on microscopic findings alone. Therefore it is important to know the time after transplantation, the clinical presentation of the disease and the broad differential diagnosis that needs to be considere

LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE GENE GENOTYPIZATION FOR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION IN A FISH FARM ON THE RIVER NERETVA

There are severale Salmonid species, found in the river Neretva basin, among which S. trutta and S. obtusirostris. Also, natural hybrids such as S. obtusirostris x S. trutta have been observed. In one fish farm on the river Neretva, S. trutta and S. obtusirostris were decided to breed separately. Parental fishes were separated phenotypicaly on the basis of the morphological signs. PCR-RFLP analysis of the exon 3 to exon 4 part of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) C1* gene with restriction endonuclease RsaI was employed to identify the presence of other species representatives or intercrosses in two groups of juvenille fishes. Using this method, we were able to identify two S. trutta representatives in the S. obtusirostris group

Real-life experience with remdesivir for treatment of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients: matched case-control study from a large tertiary hospital registry

Aim: To evaluate the association of remdesivir use and the survival of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ----- Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 5959 COVID-19 patients admitted to our tertiary-level hospital from March 2020 to June 2021. A total of 876 remdesivir-treated patients were matched with 876 control patients in terms of age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), WHO-defined COVID-19 severity on admission, and oxygen requirement at the time of remdesivir use. ----- Results: Among 1752 COVID-19 patients (median age 66 years, 61.8% men), 1405 (80.2%) had severe and 311 (17.8%) had critically severe COVID-19 on admission. Remdesivir was given at a median of one day after hospital admission and at a median of eight days from the onset of symptoms. Overall, 645 (73.6%) patients received remdesivir before high-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) or mechanical ventilation (MV), 198 (22.6%) after HFOT institution, and 83 (9.5%) after MV institution. Remdesivir use was associated with improved survival in the entire cohort (hazard ratio 0.79, P=0.006). Survival benefit was evident among patients receiving remdesivir during low-flow oxygen requirement (hazard ratio 0.61, P<0.001) but not among patients who received it after starting HFOT (P=0.499) or MV (P=0.380). ----- Conclusion: Remdesivir, if given during low-flow oxygen therapy, might be associated with survival benefit in hospitalized COVID-19 patients