Carbon paste electrodes in electroanalytical chemistry

An overview is given dealing with the applications of carbon paste electrodes in equilibrium potentiometry as well as in electrochemical stripping analysis using both voltammetric and potentiometric modes. Various modifications of carbon pastes and carbon paste-based biosensors are also mentioned. The main emphasis in this article is directed at summarizing recent results of the authors’ research group during the past few years

Interannual Variation in Root Production in Grasslands Affected by Artificially Modified Amount of Rainfall

The effect of different amounts of rainfall on the below-ground plant biomass was studied in three grassland ecosystems. Responses of the lowland (dry Festuca grassland), highland (wet Cirsium grassland), and mountain (Nardus grassland) grasslands were studied during five years (2006–2010). A field experiment based on rainout shelters and gravity irrigation simulated three climate scenarios: rainfall reduced by 50% (dry), rainfall increased by 50% (wet), and the natural rainfall of the current growing season (ambient). The interannual variation in root increment and total below-ground biomass reflected the experimentally manipulated amount of precipitation and also the amount of current rainfall of individual years. The effect of year on these below-ground parameters was found significant in all studied grasslands. In comparison with dry Festuca grassland, better adapted to drought, submontane wet Cirsium grassland was more sensitive to the different water inputs forming rather lower amount of below-ground plant matter at reduced precipitation

PENENTUAN STRATEGI BAURAN PEMASARAN HIJAU DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN JUMLAH PENGUNJUNG DI AHASS WINARTO MOTOR

Meningkatnya kesadaran masyararakat luas terhadap lingkungan hidup meningkatkan potensi strategi pemasaran hijau untuk mencapai keunggulan bersaing. Dalam menciptakan keunggulan bersaing, penting bagi untuk merumuskan strategi yang tepat dengan mengetahui situasi dan kondisi dalam perusahaan. Menjadikan bauran pemasaran hijau menjadi salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap situasi dan kondisi perusahaan guna merumuskan strategi pemasaran hijau. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan di AHASS Winarto Motor pekalongan. Winarto Motor merupakan bengkel yang pertama kali berdiri di Kota Pekalongan dalam menyediakan layanan reparasi sepeda motor untuk motor Honda. Perusahaan ini dipilih mengetahui kondisinya yang sedang mengalami penurunan jumlah pengunjung. Dimana melalui penelitian ini diharapkan mampu mengevaluasi situasi dan kondisi dalam bauran pemasaran di Winarto Motor sehingga mampu merumuskan strategi pemasaran hijau yang tepat. Data dalam penelitian ini diklasifikasikan menjadi 7P bauran pemasaran. Terdapat dua kategori narasumber dalam penelitian ini, yakni narasumber karyawan dan konsumen. Menjadikan pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalaui wawancara dan kuesioner. Hal ini dilakukan sehingga perusahaan mampu mengetahui secara menyeluruh bagaimana situasi dan kondisi terhadap masing-masing aspek dalam 7P. Hasil dalam penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa bukti fisik di Winarto Motor dinilai masih kurang mumpuni, terutama dalam fasilitas yang disediakan, tata letak ruangan, hingga desain ruangan di Winarto Motor. Belum mampu menyokong Winarto Motor untuk menghadirkan layanan servis yang berkualita

On the nucleolar and cytoplasmic RNA density during "cell dedifferentiation" represented by blastic transformation of human mature T lymphocytes - a cytochemical study.

The present study was undertaken to provide information on the nucleolar and cytoplasmic density in specimens stained for RNA during "cell dedifferentiation" represented by blastic transformation of mature T lymphocytes. Nucleolar and cytoplasmic RNA's were visualized using a simple cytochemical method followed by computer assisted densitometry and size measurements of digitised images. An increased nucleolar and cytoplasmic RNA density accompanying the blastic transformation was significant after 48 hours of cultivation with phytohemaglutinin (PHA) when stimulated cells were characterized the largest nucleolar size reflecting S or G2 phase of the cell cycle. On the other hand, significantly larger ratio of the nucleolar to cytoplasmic density was noted only after a shorter cultivation when stimulated cells were presumably in the G1 phase. Thus the increased nucleolar and cytoplasmic RNA density together represented an accompanying phenomenon of the cell proliferation and cycling state. From the methodical point of view, the nucleolar and cytoplasmic RNA densitometry appeared as a simple as well as useful additional method to study "dedifferentiation" or various cell states at the single cell level. In addition, it was also interesting that the increase of the nucleolar diameter in stimulated cells was much larger than that of the nucleolar density. Such difference suggested that the RNA content in nucleoli was related mainly to their size

The first satellite laser echoes recorded on the streak camera

The application of the streak camera with the circular sweep for the satellite laser ranging is described. The Modular Streak Camera system employing the circular sweep option was integrated into the conventional Satellite Laser System. The experimental satellite tracking and ranging has been performed. The first satellite laser echo streak camera records are presented