4,711 research outputs found
Wave reflection at a free interface in an anisotropic pyroelectric medium with nonclassical thermoelasticity
In this paper, the well-established two-dimensional mathematical model for linear pyroelectric materials is employed to investigate the reflection of waves at the boundary between a vacuum and an elastic, transversely isotropic, pyroelectric material. A comparative study between the solutions of (a) classical thermoelasticity, (b) Cattaneo–Lord–Shulman theory and (c) Green–Lindsay theory equations, characterised by none, one and two relaxation times, respectively, is presented. Suitable boundary conditions are considered in order to determine the reflection coefficients when incident elasto–electro–thermal waves impinge the free interface. It is established that, in the quasi-electrostatic approximation, three different classes of waves: (1) two principally elastic waves, namely a quasi-longitudinal Primary (qP) wave and a quasi-transverse Secondary (qS) wave; and (2) a mainly thermal (qT) wave. The observed electrical effects are, on the other hand, a direct consequence of mechanical and thermal phenomena due to pyroelectric coupling. The computed reflection coefficients of plane qP waves are found to depend upon the angle of incidence, the elastic, electric and thermal parameters of the medium, as well as the thermal relaxation times. The special cases of normal and grazing incidence are also derived and discussed. Finally, the reflection coefficients are computed for cadmium selenide observing the influence of (1) the anisotropy of the material, (2) the electrical potential and (3) temperature variations and (4) the thermal relaxation times on the reflection coefficients
MAPCAT: Monitoring AGN with Polarimetry at the Calar Alto Telescopes
We introduce MAPCAT, a long-term observing program for "Monitoring of AGN
with Polarimetry at the Calar Alto Telescopes". Multi-spectral-range studies
are critical to understand some of the most relevant current problems of high
energy astrophysics of blazars such as their high energy emission mechanisms
and the location of their gamma-ray emission region through event associations
across the spectrum. Adding multi-spectral-range polarimetry allows for even
more reliable identification of polarized flares across the spectrum in these
kind of objects, as well as for more accurate modeling of their magnetic field.
As part of a major international effort to study the long term multi-spectral
range polarimetric behavior of blazars, MAPCAT uses -since mid 2007- CAFOS on
the 2.2m Telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory (Almeria, Spain) to obtain
monthly optical (R-band) photo-polarimetric measurements of a sample of 34 of
the brightest gamma-ray, optical, and radio-millimeter blazars accessible from
the northern hemisphere.Comment: To be published in the proceedings of High Energy Phenomena in
Relativistic Outflows III (HEPRO III, IJMPCS). 4 page
Enhancement of the Fractional Quantum Hall State in a Small In-Plane Magnetic Field
Using a 50-nm width, ultra-clean GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well, we have studied
the Landau level filling factor fractional quantum Hall effect in a
perpendicular magnetic field 1.7 T and determined its dependence on
tilted magnetic fields. Contrary to all previous results, the 5/2 resistance
minimum and the Hall plateau are found to strengthen continuously under an
increasing tilt angle (corresponding to an in-plane
magnetic field 0 T). In the same range of
the activation gaps of both the 7/3 and the 8/3 states are found to increase
with tilt. The 5/2 state transforms into a compressible Fermi liquid upon tilt
angle , and the composite fermion series [2+],
1, 2 can be identified. Based on our results, we discuss the relevance of
a Skyrmion spin texture at associated with small Zeeman energy in
wide quantum wells, as proposed by Wjs ., Phys. Rev.
Lett. 104, 086801 (2010).Comment: 5+ pages, 3 figures, accepted for by Phy. Rev. Let
Quantum Algorithm for Molecular Properties and Geometry Optimization
It is known that quantum computers, if available, would allow an exponential
decrease in the computational cost of quantum simulations. We extend this
result to show that the computation of molecular properties (energy
derivatives) could also be sped up using quantum computers. We provide a
quantum algorithm for the numerical evaluation of molecular properties, whose
time cost is a constant multiple of the time needed to compute the molecular
energy, regardless of the size of the system. Molecular properties computed
with the proposed approach could also be used for the optimization of molecular
geometries or other properties. For that purpose, we discuss the benefits of
quantum techniques for Newton's method and Householder methods. Finally, global
minima for the proposed optimizations can be found using the quantum basin
hopper algorithm, which offers an additional quadratic reduction in cost over
classical multi-start techniques.Comment: 6 page
Nuclear Antishadowing in Neutrino Deep Inelastic Scattering
The shadowing and antishadowing of nuclear structure functions in the
Gribov-Glauber picture is due respectively to the destructive and constructive
interference of amplitudes arising from the multiple-scattering of quarks in
the nucleus. The effective quark-nucleon scattering amplitude includes Pomeron
and Odderon contributions from multi-gluon exchange as well as Reggeon
quark-exchange contributions. We show that the coherence of these
multiscattering nuclear processes leads to shadowing and antishadowing of the
electromagnetic nuclear structure functions in agreement with measurements.
This picture leads to substantially different antishadowing for charged and
neutral current reactions, thus affecting the extraction of the weak-mixing
angle . We find that part of the anomalous NuTeV result for
could be due to the nonuniversality of nuclear antishadowing for
charged and neutral currents. Detailed measurements of the nuclear dependence
of individual quark structure functions are thus needed to establish the
distinctive phenomenology of shadowing and antishadowing and to make the NuTeV
results definitive.Comment: 38 pages, 15 figure
Composite bosons in bilayer nu = 1 system: An application of the Murthy-Shankar formalism
We calculate the dispersion of the out-of-phase mode characteristic for the
bilayer nu = 1 quantum Hall system applying the version of Chern-Simons theory
of Murthy and Shankar that cures the unwanted bare electron mass dependence in
the low-energy description of quantum Hall systems. The obtained value for the
mode when d, distance between the layers, is zero is in a good agreement with
the existing pseudospin picture of the system. For d nonzero but small we find
that the mode is linearly dispersing and its velocity to a good approximation
depends linearly on d. This is in agreement with the Hartree-Fock calculations
of the pseudospin picture that predicts a linear dependance on d, and contrary
to the naive Hartree predictions with dependence on the square-root of d. We
set up a formalism that enables one to consider fluctuations around the found
stationary point values. In addition we address the case of imbalanced layers
in the Murthy-Shankar formalism.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
A smoothing monotonic convergent optimal control algorithm for NMR pulse sequence design
The past decade has demonstrated increasing interests in using optimal
control based methods within coherent quantum controllable systems. The
versatility of such methods has been demonstrated with particular elegance
within nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) where natural separation between
coherent and dissipative spin dynamics processes has enabled coherent quantum
control over long periods of time to shape the experiment to almost ideal
adoption to the spin system and external manipulations. This has led to new
design principles as well as powerful new experimental methods within magnetic
resonance imaging, liquid-state and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. For this
development to continue and expand, it is crucially important to constantly
improve the underlying numerical algorithms to provide numerical solutions
which are optimally compatible with implementation on current instrumentation
and at same time are numerically stable and offer fast monotonic convergence
towards the target. Addressing such aims, we here present a smoothing
monotonically convergent algorithm for pulse sequence design in magnetic
resonance which with improved optimization stability lead to smooth pulse
sequence easier to implement experimentally and potentially understand within
the analytical framework of modern NMR spectroscopy
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