A Nemzeti Vidékstratégia a mezÅ‘gazdasági vízgazdálkodás és az öntözésfejlesztés tükrében

A Nemzeti Vidékstratégiai Koncepció (Vidékfejlesztési Minisztérium, 2011) vitaanyagának elÅ‘szava a természeti erÅ‘források felértékelÅ‘désére, a természeti környezet védelmére, valamint a mezÅ‘gazdaság és a vidék szoros kapcsolatára hívja fel a figyelmet. Ennek tükrében élelmiszerelőállítás csak a talajok, az ivóvízbázisok és a táj fenntartását eredményezÅ‘, a jó környezeti állapotot és az élÅ‘világ sokszínűségét megÅ‘rzÅ‘, valamint a vidéki életformát, a helyi közösségeket és kultúrát megóvó jó minÅ‘ségű és biztonságos alapanyagokra épülÅ‘ termelés mellett értelmezhetÅ‘. Jelen vitacikk a mezÅ‘gazdasági vízhasználat vidékstratégiai vonatkozásait kívánja feltárni, felhasználva kutatási eredményeinket1 és figyelembe véve vizsgálataink alapján megfogalmazott javaslatainkat. ---------------------------------------------------- THe role of natural resources, their connections to rural ares, prote4ction of environment led us to rethink the food production,based on on rational land use, the viability of rural settlements, food safety. The paper carries out the importance of agricultural water use based on our former research outcomes.természeti erÅ‘források, föld, öntözés, klíma, role of natural resources, land, climate change, irrigation, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics,

Performance evaluation of a robot-mounted interferometer for an industrial environment

High value manufacturing requires production-integrated, fast, multi-sensor and multi-scale inspection. To meet this need, the robotic deployment of sensors within the factory environment is becoming increasingly popular. For microscale measurement applications, robot-mountable versions of high-resolution instruments, that are traditionally deployed in a laboratory environment, are now becoming available. However, standard methodologies for the evaluation of these instruments, particularly when mounted to a robot, have yet to be fully defined, and therefore, there is limited independent evaluation data to describe the potential performance of these systems. In this paper, a detailed evaluation approach is presented for light-weight robot mountable scanning interferometric sensors. Traditional evaluation approaches are considered and extended to account for robotic sensor deployment within industrial environments. The applicability and value of proposed evaluation is demonstrated through the comprehensive characterization of a Heliotis H6 interferometric sensors. The results indicate the performance of the sensor, in comparison to a traditional laboratory-based system, and demonstrate the limits of the sensor capability. Based-on the evaluation an effective strategy for robotic deployment of the sensor is demonstrated

Robust hand-eye calibration of 2D laser sensors using a single-plane calibration artefact

When a vision sensor is used in conjunction with a robot, hand-eye calibration is necessary to determine the accurate position of the sensor relative to the robot. This is necessary to allow data from the vision sensor to be defined in the robot's global coordinate system. For 2D laser line sensors hand-eye calibration is a challenging process because they only collect data in two dimensions. This leads to the use of complex calibration artefacts and requires multiple measurements be collected, using a range of robot positions. This paper presents a simple and robust hand-eye calibration strategy that requires minimal user interaction and makes use of a single planar calibration artefact. A significant benefit of the strategy is that it uses a low-cost, simple and easily manufactured artefact; however, the lower complexity can lead to lower variation in calibration data. In order to achieve a robust hand-eye calibration using this artefact, the impact of robot positioning strategies is considered to maintain variation. A theoretical basis for the necessary sources of input variation is defined by a mathematical analysis of the system of equations for the calibration process. From this, a novel strategy is specified to maximize data variation by using a circular array of target scan lines to define a full set of required robot positions. A simulation approach is used to further investigate and optimise the impact of robot position on the calibration process, and the resulting optimal robot positions are then experimentally validated for a real robot mounted laser line sensor. Using the proposed optimum method, a semi-automatic calibration process, which requires only four manually scanned lines, is defined and experimentally demonstrated

Colour changes upon cooling of Lepidoptera scales containing photonic nanoarchitectures

The effects produced by the condensation of water vapours from the ambient in the various intricate nanoarchitectures occurring in the wing scales of several Lepidoptera species were investigated by controlled cooling (from room temperature to -5 - -10 {\deg}C) combined with in situ measurement of changes in the reflectance spectra. It was determined that, due to this procedure, all photonic nanoarchitectures giving a reflectance maximum in the visible range and having an open nanostructure exhibited alteration of the position of the reflectance maximum associated with the photonic nanoarchitectures. The photonic nanoarchitectures with a closed structure exhibited little to no alteration in colour. Similarly, control specimens coloured by pigments did not exhibit a colour change under the same conditions. Hence, this effect can be used to identify species with open photonic nanoarchitectures in their scales. For certain species, an almost complete disappearance of the reflectance maximum was found. All specimens recovered their original colours following warming and drying. Cooling experiments using thin copper wires demonstrated that colour alterations could be limited to a millimetre, or below. Dried museum specimens do not exhibit colour changes when cooled in the absence of a heat sink due to the low heat capacity of the wings.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, including supplemen

Robust surface abnormality detection for a robotic inspection system

The detection of surface abnormalities on large complex parts represents a significant automation challenge. This is particularly true when surfaces are large (multiple square metres) but abnormalities are small (less than one mm square), and the surfaces of interest are not simple flat planes. One possible solution is to use a robot-mounted laser line scanner, which can acquire fast surface measurements from large complex geometries. The problem with this approach is that the collected data may vary in quality, and this makes it difficult to achieve accurate and reliable inspection. In this paper a strategy for abnormality detection on highly curved Aluminum surfaces, using surface data obtained by a robot-mounted laser scanner, is presented. Using the laser scanner, data is collected from surfaces containing abnormalities, in the form of surface dents or bumps, of approximately one millimeter in diameter. To examine the effect of scan conditions on abnormality detection, two different curved test surfaces are used, and in addition the lateral spacing of laser scans was also varied. These variables were considered because they influence the distribution of points, in the point cloud (PC), that represent an abnormality. The proposed analysis consists of three main steps. First, a pre-processing step consisting of a fine smoothing procedure followed by a global noise analysis is carried out. Second, an abnormality classifier is trained based on a set of predefined surface abnormalities. Third, the trained classifier is used on suspicious areas of the surface in a general unsupervised thresholding step. This step saves computational time as it avoids analyzing every surface data point. Experimental results show that, the proposed technique can successfully find all present abnormalities for both training and test sets with minor false positives and no false negatives

Abnormality detection strategies for surface inspection using robot mounted laser scanners

The detection of small surface abnormalities on large complex free-form surfaces represents a significant challenge. Often surfaces abnormalities are less than a millimeter square in area but, must be located on surfaces of multiple meters square. To achieve consistent, cost effective and fast inspection, robotic or automated inspection systems are highly desirable. The challenge with automated inspection systems is to create a robust and accurate system that is not adversely affected by environmental variation. Robot-mounted laser line scanner systems can be used to acquire surface measurements, in the form of a point cloud1 (PC), from large complex geometries. This paper addresses the challenge of how surface abnormalities can be detected based on PC data by considering two different analysis strategies. First, an unsupervised thresholding strategy is considered, and through an experimental study the factors that affect abnormality detection performance are considered. Second, a robust supervised abnormality detection strategy is proposed. The performance of the proposed robust detection algorithm is evaluated experimentally using a realistic test scenario including a complex surface geometry, inconsistent PC quality and variable PC noise. Test results of the unsupervised analysis strategy shows that besides the abnormality size, the laser projection angle and laser lines spacing play an important role on the performance of the unsupervised detection strategy. In addition, a compromise should be made between the threshold value and the sensitivity and specificity of the results