Effect of non-solvent additives on the structure and performance of PVDF hollow fiber membrane contactor for CO2 stripping

Microporous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes with various non-solvent additives, i.e. lithium chloride, glycerol, polyethylene glycol (PEG-400), methanol and phosphoric acid, were fabricated for CO2 stripping via membrane contactors. The membranes were characterized in terms of liquid entry pressure, contact angle, gas permeation and morphology analysis. CO2 stripping performance was investigated by using an in-house made stainless steel module with CO2-preloaded aqueous diethanolamine as the liquid absorbent. Hydrophobicity and gas permeability of the membranes reduced with the addition of a non-solvent additive in the polymer dope but increase in liquid entry pressure was observed as more sponge-like structures developed in the inner layer of the fibers. It was found that PVDF/PEG-400 membrane produced the highest stripping flux of 4.03×10-2 mol m-2 s-1 which can be correlated to its high gas permeation and high effective surface porosity. The result of long-term stripping operation indicated an approximatly 80% stripping flux reduction which can be related to the interaction of polymer membrane and amine solution at high temperature

إنتاج مادة 17 ألفا هيدروكسي البروجستيرون على مستوى المخمر المعملي بواسطة فطرة كاننجهاميلا إيكينولاتا

The mircrobiological transformation of progesterone by a local isolate of Cunninghamella echiiiulata using a laboratory fermentor was studied. Progresterone (10-50 g/1) wetted by Tween 80 was added to 48-hour old culture and the transformation was left to proceed for 72 hours. Thereafter, the different transformation products were resolved chromatog-raphically. The identity of each product was established through the determination of m.p., mixed m.p., optical rotation and ultraviolet as well as infrared absorption spectra. A comparison of the R{ values of each product with that of the corresponding reference using different solvent systems as well as their colour expressed with two spray reagents, was used as a further proof for the identity of the isolated products. With all concentrations of progesterone tested, maximum yield of 17ot -hydroxyprogesterone was obtained after 48 hours of fermentation Progesterone concentrations of 10 and 20 g/1 were almost quantitatively converted to the different transformation products after 72 hours of fermentation. Using a concentration of 20 g/1 and incubation period of 48 hours, the transformation product mixture consisted of unchanged progesterone (6%), 17 o< -hydroxyprogesterone (54%),llotrhydroxyprogesterone (29%) and llo<;,17<^-dihydroxy-progesterone (2.5%).تم استخدام مخمر صناعي سعة 2 لتر لاختيار مقدرة الفطرة على تكوين هذه المادة في ظروف تشبه تلك المطبقة في الصناعة . وبدراسة تركيزات متعددة فن مادة البروجستيرون تتراوح ما بين 10جرام /لتر إلى 50جرام /لتر ، وجد أن أنسب التركيزات المختبرة هو تركيز 20 جرام من البروجستيرون لكل لترمن الوسط الغذائي ، حيث تم تحويل كل البووجستيرون المضاف إلى المشتقات المختلفة خلال 72 ساعة من بدء الاضافة . ووجد أن أعلى معدل لتكوين مادة 17 ألفا - هيدروكسي البروجستيرون كان بعد 48 ساعة من بدأ إضافة البروجستيرون . عند فصل المواد الناتجة من تحول البروجستيرون بواسطة الفطرة المستخدمة وذلك بواسطة أعمدة الفصل باستخدام مادة الالومينا وجد أن البروجستيرون يتحول إلى : 17 ألفا - هيدروكسي البروجستيرون ( 54 %) 11 ألفا - هيدروكسي البروجستيرون (29%) 11 ألفا ، 17 ألفا - ثنائي هيدروكسي البروجستيرون (2.5%

The detection and classification of blast cell in Leukaemia Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (AML M3) blood using simulated annealing and neural networks

This paper was delivered at AIME 2011: 13th Conference on Artifical Intelligence in Medicine.This paper presents a method for the detection and classification of blast cells in M3 with others sub-types using simulated annealing and neural networks. In this paper, we increased our test result from 10 images to 20 images. We performed Hill Climbing, Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms for detecting the blast cells. As a result, simulated annealing is the “best” heuristic search for detecting the leukaemia cells. From the detection, we performed features extraction on the blast cells and we classifying based on M3 and other sub-types using neural networks. We received convincing result which has targeting around 97% in classifying of M3 with other sub-types. Our results are based on real world image data from a Haematology Department.Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia and the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysi

Classical capacity of a qubit depolarizing channel with memory

The classical product state capacity of a noisy quantum channel with memory is investigated. A forgetful noise-memory channel is constructed by Markov switching between two depolarizing channels which introduces non-Markovian noise correlations between successive channel uses. The computation of the capacity is reduced to an entropy computation for a function of a Markov process. A reformulation in terms of algebraic measures then enables its calculation. The effects of the hidden-Markovian memory on the capacity are explored. An increase in noise-correlations is found to increase the capacity

Properties of dense strange hadronic matter with quark degrees of freedom

The properties of strange hadronic matter are studied in the context of the modified quark-meson coupling model using two substantially di erent sets of hyperon-hyperon (Y Y ) interactions. The first set is based on the Nijmegen hard core potential model D with slightly attractive Y Y interactions. The second potential set is based on the recent SU(3) extension of the Nijmegen soft-core potential NSC97 with strongly attractive Y Y interactions which may allow for deeply bound hypernuclear matter. The results show that, for the first potential set, the hyperon does not appear at all in the bulk at any baryon density and for all strangeness fractions. The binding energy curves of the resulting N system vary smoothly with density and the system is stable (or metastable if we include the weak force). However, the situation is drastically changed when using the second set where the hyperons appear in the system at large baryon densities above a critical strangeness fraction. We find strange hadronic matter undergoes a first order phase transition from a N system to a N for strangeness fractions fS > 1.2 and baryonic densities exceeding twice ordinary nuclear matter density. Furthermore, it is found that the system built of N is deeply bound. This phase transition a ects significantly the equation of state which becomes much softer and a substantial drop in energy density and pressure are detected as the phase transition takes place. PACS:21.65.+f, 24.85.+p, 12.39B