Approche systémique de la gestion d'énergie électrique par stockage électrochimiques dédiés aux applications de transport

The research work presented in this document is a continuation of the GREAH laboratory research activities on the issues of optimal energy management on board of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Indeed, the coupling of several electrical energy sources with different characteristics causes several issues like energy sources sizing, energy exchange quality and the lifetime of the interconnected elements. In the case of transport applications, the main factors of these problems are based on the high fluctuations in the power required by the propulsion/traction chain; the limited life expectancy of the electrical energy storage elements; the lack of realistic standard mission profile and the need to optimize the electric vehicles energy consumption. The appropriate method for studying the multi-source systems is by using systemic approach. This approach is necessary to establish behavioral models of energies sources and power converters for the development of optimal energy management strategies. The contribution of this thesis is focused on the investigation and the development of energy management strategies considering the electrical energy sources performances and their state of functioning according to the power fluctuations from the propulsion/traction chain, which presents the load in a touristic vehicle.Ce sujet s’inscrit dans la continuité des activités de recherche du laboratoire GREAH sur les problématiques de la gestion optimale d’énergie électrique embarqué à bord des véhicules électriques hybrides. En effet, le couplage de plusieurs sources de natures différentes entraîne des problématiques de dimensionnement, de qualité d’énergie et de la durée de vie des éléments interconnectés. Pour les applications de transport par exemple, les principaux facteurs de ces problématiques reposent sur : - les fluctuations de la puissance demandée par la chaîne de propulsion/ traction, la durée de vie limitée des éléments de stockage d’énergie électrique, l’absence de profil de mission standard réaliste et la nécessité d’optimisation de la consommation énergétique du bord. La méthode adéquate pour l’étude des systèmes multi-sources passe par une approche systémique. Cette approche est nécessaire pour établir des modèles comportementaux des sources et des convertisseurs en vue de l'élaboration des stratégies de gestion optimale des flux énergétiques entre les organes. Le premier objectif de la thèse repose sur le développement des modèles de comportement des batteries et supercondensateurs soumis aux contraintes thermiques et électriques spécifiques aux applications de transport. Le second vise le développement de la stratégie de la gestion d’énergie prenant en compte de l’impact de la température et les fluctuations de puissance demandée par la chaîne de propulsion/ traction (charge)

Systemic approach for electrical management dedicated to transport applications using electrochemical storage systems

Ce sujet s’inscrit dans la continuité des activités de recherche du laboratoire GREAH sur les problématiques de la gestion optimale d’énergie électrique embarqué à bord des véhicules électriques hybrides. En effet, le couplage de plusieurs sources de natures différentes entraîne des problématiques de dimensionnement, de qualité d’énergie et de la durée de vie des éléments interconnectés. Pour les applications de transport par exemple, les principaux facteurs de ces problématiques reposent sur : - les fluctuations de la puissance demandée par la chaîne de propulsion/ traction, la durée de vie limitée des éléments de stockage d’énergie électrique, l’absence de profil de mission standard réaliste et la nécessité d’optimisation de la consommation énergétique du bord. La méthode adéquate pour l’étude des systèmes multi-sources passe par une approche systémique. Cette approche est nécessaire pour établir des modèles comportementaux des sources et des convertisseurs en vue de l'élaboration des stratégies de gestion optimale des flux énergétiques entre les organes. Le premier objectif de la thèse repose sur le développement des modèles de comportement des batteries et supercondensateurs soumis aux contraintes thermiques et électriques spécifiques aux applications de transport. Le second vise le développement de la stratégie de la gestion d’énergie prenant en compte de l’impact de la température et les fluctuations de puissance demandée par la chaîne de propulsion/ traction (charge).The research work presented in this document is a continuation of the GREAH laboratory research activities on the issues of optimal energy management on board of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Indeed, the coupling of several electrical energy sources with different characteristics causes several issues like energy sources sizing, energy exchange quality and the lifetime of the interconnected elements. In the case of transport applications, the main factors of these problems are based on the high fluctuations in the power required by the propulsion/traction chain; the limited life expectancy of the electrical energy storage elements; the lack of realistic standard mission profile and the need to optimize the electric vehicles energy consumption. The appropriate method for studying the multi-source systems is by using systemic approach. This approach is necessary to establish behavioral models of energies sources and power converters for the development of optimal energy management strategies. The contribution of this thesis is focused on the investigation and the development of energy management strategies considering the electrical energy sources performances and their state of functioning according to the power fluctuations from the propulsion/traction chain, which presents the load in a touristic vehicle

Energy Management in Electric Vehicle based on Frequency sharing approach, using Fuel cells, Lithium batteries and Supercapacitors

International audience; This paper deals with an energy management improvement based on frequency sharing approach for an electric vehicle. In order to satisfy the traction/propulsion system requirement, the Fuel cell (FC) system is assisted by lithium-ion batteries and Supercapacitors (SC). Bidirectional Buck Boost converters link the batteries and Supercapacitors to the DC-Bus. The FC stack is connected to the DC-Bus by an interleaved Boost DC-DC converter. The traction/propulsion motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) coupled to a DC motor in order to emulate the vehicle's load and energy requirements during the driven cycle. The DC-Bus feeds the permanent magnet synchronous motor via a bidirectional DC-AC converter. The contribution of this study involves EV's energy effort sharing between Supercapacitors, Fuel cells and Lithium-ion batteries, taking into account the dynamic responses and electrical performances of each energy sources. The effectiveness of the control is verified through simulations performed on Matlab/Simulink software

Energy Management in Electric Vehicle based on Frequency sharing approach, using Fuel cells, Lithium batteries and Supercapacitors

International audienceThis paper deals with an energy management improvement based on frequency sharing approach for an electric vehicle. In order to satisfy the traction/propulsion system requirement, the Fuel cell (FC) system is assisted by lithium-ion batteries and Supercapacitors (SC). Bidirectional Buck Boost converters link the batteries and Supercapacitors to the DC-Bus. The FC stack is connected to the DC-Bus by an interleaved Boost DC-DC converter. The traction/propulsion motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) coupled to a DC motor in order to emulate the vehicle's load and energy requirements during the driven cycle. The DC-Bus feeds the permanent magnet synchronous motor via a bidirectional DC-AC converter. The contribution of this study involves EV's energy effort sharing between Supercapacitors, Fuel cells and Lithium-ion batteries, taking into account the dynamic responses and electrical performances of each energy sources. The effectiveness of the control is verified through simulations performed on Matlab/Simulink software

Electric vehicles energy management using direct torque control — space vector pulse width modulation combined to polynomial controllers

International audienceThis paper describes an energy management strategy for an electric vehicle (EV). The proposed EV architecture contains a pack of the batteries which presents the energy source and a pack of the supercapacitors (SC) used as power source. The pack of the batteries produces the necessary energy to move forward the vehicle while the pack of the SC produces the lacking power in acceleration and in braking phases. Two DC-DC converters are used to interface the energy sources with the DC-bus. A bidirectional DC-AC converter is used to connect the traction motor to the DC-bus. The proposed control method is focused on the power flow management within the EV depending on electrical behavior of the energy sources. The validity of the proposed control strategy is proofed through some reduced scale simulations tests using the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC)

Electric vehicles energy management using lithium-batteries and ultracapacitors

International audienceThis paper presents energy management strategy for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The proposed method is used to share the requested energy of the EV between the ultracapacitors (UCs) and lithium-batteries. The traction motor is a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) controlled by a Voltage-Source-Inverter (VSI) and fed by the UCs and the batteries. The energy storage system (ESS) is connected to DC-bus through two DC-DC converters. The aim of this paper is focused on requested EV power sharing between UCs pack and the batteries pack according to the dynamic response of these sources using anti-windup PI controller. This study is based on a real example of EV, in addition only the traction mode is considered. The performances of the proposed method are evaluated through some simulations using MATALB/Simulink software

Onboard energy management for electric vehicles applications — Using fuel cell and ultracapacitors

International audienceIn this paper, the control and energy management strategy are proposed for an electric vehicle (EV) application. The hybrid source is composed of Fuel Cell (FC) and Ultracapacitors (UCs). The proposed energy management is used to share the EV energy requirement between the hybrid energy source, where the UCs are connected to DC-bus through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the FC is linked to the DC-bus through unidirectional DC/DC converter. The main purpose of this paper is focused on EV requested power sharing in real time operations between the FC stack and the UCs according to the electrical characteristics of these sources using polynomial correctors. In this study, only the traction operation mode is considered. The validity of the control is proofed through reduced scale experimental tests

Real-Time Control Strategy of Fuel Cell and Battery System for Electric Hybrid Boat Application

International audienceIn this paper, an effective control strategy is proposed to manage energy distribution from fuel cells and batteries for hybrid electric boat applications. The main objectives of this real-time control are to obtain fast current tracking for the batteries’ system, the DC bus voltage stability by using a fuel cell, and energy load distribution for a hybrid electric boat under varying demand conditions. The proposed control strategy is based on a combination of frequency approach and current/voltage control of interleaved boost converters to reduce the hydrogen consumption by the fuel cell and improve the quality of energy transfer. The frequency approach was dedicated to managing the DC power-sharing between the load, the fuel cell, and the batteries’ storage system by extracting the power references. The closed loop control system utilized to control the energy is based on the DC/DC converters. The performance evaluation of the proposed control strategy has been tested through a real-time experimental test bench based on a dSPACE board (DS1104)

A New Tuning Approach for MPC Applied to a Disturbed DC Motor

International audienc

Energetic Performances Booster for Electric Vehicle Applications Using Transient Power Control and Supercapacitors-Batteries/Fuel Cell

In this paper, a hybrid electric power supply system for an electric vehicle (EV) is investigated. The study aims to reduce electric stress on the main energy source (fuel cell) and boost energetic performances using energy sources with high specific power (supercapacitors, batteries) for rapid traction chain solicitations such as accelerations, decelerations, and braking operations. The multisource EV power supply system contains a fuel cell stack, a lithium batteries module, and a supercapacitors (Sc) pack. In order to emulate the EV energy demand (wheels, weight, external forces, etc.), a bidirectional load based on a reversible current DC-DC converter was used. Fuel cell (Fc) stack was interfaced by an interleaved boost converter. Batteries and the Sc pack were coupled to the DC point of coupling via buck/boost converters. Paper contribution was firstly concentrated on the distribution of energy and power between onboard energy sources in consonance with their dynamic characteristics (time response). Second contribution was based on a new Sc model, which takes into consideration the temperature and the DC current ripples frequency until 1000 Hz. Energy management strategy (EMS) was evaluated by simulations and reduced scale experimental tests. The used driving cycle was the US Federal Test Procedure known as FTP-75