Determining the factors affecting social interaction in the parks of Baghdad city, Iraq

Since the war in 2003, Baghdad has suffered from different aspects of political, administration, economic ethnic, sectarian, etc. that led to the loss of lives, social capital, destruction of Iraqi infrastructure and important buildings, increased crisis aggravation between different ethnics, as well as the disappearance and destruction of many Baghdad’s open spaces, parks, and recreational places. This paper addresses the issue of social interaction in Baghdad city, resulting from the lack of open spaces, parks, and recreational activities. The objective of this paper is to determine the key factors affecting social interaction of Baghdad residents in the parks of the city. This study employed Creswell recommendations (Creswell, 2014) to design the research methodology in general. A quantitative method was adapted to collect and analyse the data of this study by using a survey, i.e. questionnaires, to assess 270 respondents’ opinion about the issue of the study. Respondents were selected randomly in a single-stage procedure by using a simplified formula (Yamane, 1973). Closed-ended questions were used to collect the data of the study from the Karkh district in Baghdad city. Findings of this study confirmed that the factors and criteria of the parks are essential means to achieve sound social interaction in Baghdad, in which, the most influencing factors towards Karkhs' parks users are crowding of visitors and noise, followed by availability of high quality diverse activities. The results of this study are a useful reference for urban and landscape planners, architects, social psychologists, the Municipality of Baghdad, and researchers in this field

Criteria for public open space enhancement to achieve social interaction: a review paper

This paper presents a various literatures, studies, transcripts and papers aiming to provide an overview of some theories and existing research on the significance of natural environments and green open spaces to achieve social interaction and outdoor recreation. The main objective of the paper is to identify the factors that affecting social interaction in green open spaces, through proving that an appropriate open spaces is important to enhance social interaction and community. This study employs (qualitative) summarizing content analysis method which mainly focused on collect and summarizing of documentation such as transcripts, articles, papers, and books from more than 25 source, regarding the importance of public open spaces for the community. The summarizing content analysis of this paper is the fundament for a qualitative oriented procedure of text interpretation used to analyse the information gathered. Results of this study confirms that sound social interaction need an appropriate physical space including criteria of: design, activities, access and linkage, administration and maintenance, place attachment and users' characteristics, also previous studies in this area have a health perspective with measures of physical activity of open spaces in general

Efektivitas Penggunaan Dana Desa Dalam Pembangunan Fisik Tahun 2021 (Studi Di Desa Rainis Kecamatan Rainis Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud)

Tujuan ini penelitian ini adalah Untuk Mengetahui Efektivitas Penggunaan Dana Desa Dalam Pembangunan Fisik Di Desa Rainis Kecamatan Rainis Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud Tahun 2021. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, disebutkan bahwa desa mempunyai sumber pendapatan berupa pendapatan asli desa, alokasi anggaran dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN), bagian dari hasil pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah kabupaten/kota, Alokasi Dana Desa yang merupakan bagian dari dana perimbangan yang diterima oleh kabupaten/kota, bantuan keuangan dari APBD provinsi dan APBD kabupaten/kota, hibah dan sumbangan yang tidak mengikat dari pihak ketiga, serta lain-lain pendapatan desa yang sah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dalam Ketepatan perhitungan biaya pada penggunaan dana desa di Desa Rainis guna menjalankan program, di desa Rainis tidaklah sesuai antara anggaran yang dianggarkan dengan hasil pembangunan di tinjau dari segi kualitas bangunan, Dari segi Ketepatan dalam pengukuran dalam penggunaan dana desa dapat terlihat efektif karna pengukuran yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang pada panjang jalan paving dan penerangan jalan dengan menggunakan alat yang sama oleh pengukur yang berbeda yaitu TPK dan BPD, hasilnya tetap atau tidak berubah. Jadi dalam aspek pengukuran sudah tepat.   Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Dana Desa, Pembanguna

STRATEGI PERUSAHAAN DAERAH KOTA TOMOHON DALAM PENANGANAN SAMPAH DI PASAR BERIMAN KOTA TOMOHON

Lingkungan merupakan kesatuan ruang dengan semua benda dan makhluk hidup, termasuk di dalamnya ada manusia dan mahkluk hidup lainnya dengan segala kegiatannya, salah satu faktor yang menjadi penyebab penurunan kualitas lingkungan yaitu pemikiran masyarakat yang cenderung lebih mementingkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka tanpa di imbangi dengan sikap peduli terhadap lingkungan hidup terlihat dari peningkatan volume sampah. Secara umum sampah bisa mempengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat sekitar, Karena untuk jenis sampah tertentu bisa menimbulkan sumber penyakit, Sampah bisa menurunkan keindahan atau nilai estetika kota, dimana penanganan sampah yang buruk Sampah bisa menyebabkan polusi udara dan bau busuk yang menyengat, Sampah bisa menyebabkan bahaya banjir pada musim penghujan, dimana sampah yang tidak terangkut dapat menjadi penyumbat saluran-saluran air. Sampah merupakan konsekuensi dari adanya aktivitas masyarakat. Setiap aktivitas manusia pasti menghasilkan buangan atau sampah. Seiring dengan tumbuhnya sebuah kota, bertambah pula beban yang harus diterima kota tersebut. Salah satunya adalah beban akibat dari sampah yang diproduksi oleh masyarakat perkotaan secara kolektif.Kata Kunci : Strategi, Sampah, Pasar

What am I tipping you for? Customer response to tipping requests at limited-service restaurants

Tipping within the foodservice industry has traditionally been reserved for full-service restaurants. However, there is a growing trend of tip requests at limited-service restaurants, where tipping occurs prior to consuming the product. This research aims to examine the effect of a point-of-sale tip request at limited-service restaurants on return intentions via customer irritation. It also aims to analyze the moderating effects of check amount and perceived deservingness

Factors that influence employee’s turnover intention at Puspakom Sdn. Bhd. / Nur Sarah Halip and Syamimi Afiqah Ismail

Workforce is a heavyweight component of any organization and therefore employees are always considered as the greatest asset of an organization. Without employees, organizations will not be able to produce business results, achieve organization goals, or meet its financial objectives. However, nowadays most of the organizations are facing the employee turnover problem and failure to retain their workforce. Besides that, there have been frequent complaints from employees of Puspakom Sdn. Bhd that they are dissatisfied with their job and management team which is lead to the turnover intention. In this research study, the influence factors that lead to the employees’ turnover intention at workplace are personal factors, pull factors and push factors. Moreover, data is collected by distributing questionnaire to 123 respondents from the organization by using probability sampling which is simple random sampling. Nevertheless, majority of the respondent age are between 26-30 years old with mostly in executive level of position The results indicate that all factors (personal, pull and organizational commitment) have contributed in the employee’s turnover intentions. However, organizational commitment has negative relationship with employees’ turnover intentions. This research study also said to be beneficial to the organization in order to understand their employees’ voice. It will help organization to retain their human resources and managing the human capital because employees are the main factors of the successfulness in any organization. Recommendations for future research are also been discussed

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBANGUNAN FISIK DI KAMPUNG DUKOM DISTRIK DUGUME KABUPATEN LANNY JAYA

AbstrakTujuan Umum Pembangunan Kampung adalah mempercepat penanggulangan kemiskinan secara berkesinambungan menuju kemandirian masyarakat dengan cara meningkatkan potensi dan kapasitas masyarakat serta kemampuan kelembagaan milik masyarakat. Pelaksanaan pembangunan yang mengutamakan masyarakat memberikan peluang seluas-luasnya kepada masyarakat untuk mengarahkan sumberdaya, potensi, merencanakan serta membuat keputusan dan mengevaluasi kegiatan-kegiatan pembangunan yang akan mensejahterakan masyarakat, sehingga masyarakat berdaya dan berkembang secara mandiri. Untuk itu kegiatan pembangunan partisipatif perlu diarahkan agar dapat merubah kehidupan masyarakat menjadi lebih baik untuk memberdayakan masyarakat sehingga masyarakat mempunyai akses untuk meningkatkan sumberdaya ekonomi dan kehidupan social Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk-bentuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan fisik di Kampung Dukom Distrik Dugume Kabupaten Lanny Jaya Provinsi Papua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan fisik jalan kang di Kampung Dukom Distrik Dugume Kabupaten Lanny Jaya berjalan dengan baik dan lancar sesuai dengan keikhlasan dan ketulusan anggota masyarakat dalam memberikan sumbangan dalam bentuk kategori sumbangan menurut kemampuan ekonomi anggota masyarakat yang diberikan secara sukarela kepada pelaksana kegiatan pembangunan fisik jalan kang, Realisasi penggunaan nilai sumbangan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan fisik jalan sudah digunakan dengan sebaik-baiknya, pelaksanaan partisipasi masyarakat perlu dijaga dan dipertahankan agar anggota masyarakat yang memiliki jiwa dan semangat melakukan gotong royong tidak hilang atau pudar serta dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pembangunan harus dilakukan dengan jujur, terbuka dan transparan untuk menjaga kepercayaan anggota masyarakat.Kata Kunci : Partisipasi, Masyarakat, Pembanguna

Revitalising organisations’ emergency succession planning in the face of the Covid-19 outbreak

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the need for emergency succession planning during the current covid-19 pandemic. Today, organizations cannot ignore the fact that their employees are their most valuable capital. The pandemic has spread like wildfire with serious consequences on multiple sectors, with most experts postulating that the world is facing the worst recession ever experienced. This pandemic has seriously impacted all businesses, with some permanently shut down like food and beverage, hotels and airlines leaving millions of people jobless on temporary or permanent layoffs. Some, on the other hand, are benefiting from this grim situation such as healthcare products like mask and glove manufacturing, and remote-conferencing services such as Zoom. In this situation, organizations must focus on key changes that can sustain business continuity. This pandemic has forced all organizations to relook and revitalise their emergency succession plan. This study is a review paper which will highlight the difference between long-term and emergency succession planning, the major challenges faced by all organizations and, suggests best options for preparing emergency succession planning during the pandemic crises. This study applies to all sectors of business