Variation and Relationship of Selected Wood Properties in Planted Kelempayan (Neolamarckia Cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser)

The tall and straight bole of Kelempayan (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser), a fast-growing indigenous species, has the potential to be used for forest plantation species. This study was carried out to evaluate the inherent properties of the wood. Six planted trees under similar site conditions were sampled along their radii and at five different height levels to evaluate the inherent variation of wood and the influence of anatomical properties on its specific gravity (SG) and bending strength. Over all me ans for SG was 0.36, green moisture content 174.83 percent (%), tangential shrinkage 6.46%, radial shrinkage 3.28% and volumetric shrinkage 9.90%. The overall means for modulus of elasticity ( MOE) and modulus of rupture {MOR ) were 7667 and 71 megapascal (MPa) respectively. Vessel comprised 16.69% of wood, ray 11.96% and fibre 71.41%. Fibre length averaged 1.38 millimeter, fibre diameter 35.01 microns, fibre lumen diameter 24.82 microns and fibre wall thickness 5.11 microns. These physical and mechanical properties are similar to many other light hardwoods species, indicating the suitability of wood for general utility timber

Pendidikan Nilai Dan Pembanguan Warganegara Menerusi Pendekatan Pengajaran Di Bilik Darjah

This paper is about the concepts of values and values education and the relationship between values education and citizenship development. The first part of the paper discusses the concept of values as perceived by some writers. The second part discusses some of the findings based on a survey conducted to elucidate the understanding of the concept by some student teachers. This excercise was performed by asking the students words that they used to define values or any other words which were associated with values. Comparison between male and female perception of values was computed. Finally a model to inculcate values through classroom teaching is presented

Perkembangan Nilai-Nilai Murni Melalui Pelajaran Sains dan Matematik

This article is on introduction concerning Issues of assismilatlng aesthetic values through the teaching of sciences and mathematics. The first part explains briefly t he meaning of aesthetic values. Then analogies based on situations that happed around us are given to explain the assimilation process in the above context. Basic preparations and the main characteristics for this formative process are discussed with references being made t hrough authoritative and authentic reasonings. References were also made to writings of authors who have lived to what they exponnded. They serve as examples for all of us

Persepsi Guru-Guru Sekolah Agama Rakyat Tentang Kurikulum Dan Pengajaran

This article elaborates the results of a case study on perceptions of religious school teachers on curriculum and teaching. The study was conducted based on the concepts introduced by Prof. Or. Abdullah Nasih Ulwan (1988) who claimed that there were two schools of thoughts that influence the school teachers perceptions

The Understanding And Implementation of Values Education: Perceptions of Student Teachers

Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kefahaman dan perlaksanaan penerapan nilai di kalangan guru-guru pelatih. Tujuh belas soalan dikemukakan kepada pelatih untuk mendapatkan maklumat tentang kefahaman mereka mengenai nilai-nilai murni. Selanjutnya sembilan soalan ditanyakan kepada pelatih untuk mengetahui amalan penerapan nilai dalam pengajaran yang mereka lakukan semasa latihan mengajar. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbedaan pendapat tentang nilai-nilai mumi serta amalan penerapan nilai mumi di kalangan pelatih. Perbedaan tersebutjuga dikesan setelah dibuat perbandingan dari segi jantina, bangsa dan kepercayaan (agama

Phytotoxicity assessment of nano-ZnO on goundnut (Arachis hypogaea) seed germination in MS medium

Due to the increasing production and use of nanoparticles in various sectors such as electronic industries and healthcare, concerns about the unknown effects caused by the presence of these materials in the natural environment and agricultural systems were on the rise. Because of the growing trend of ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO) which is one of the most widely used nanoparticles being released into the environment, it has attracted the attention for more studies to be done on the effects of this nanoparticle on organisms. This study was carried out to investigate the phytotoxicity effect of nZnO on groundnut seedlings in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The experimental treatments of this study include eight concentrations of nZnO (10, 30, 50, 100, 200, 400, 1000 & 2000 mg.L-1) added to MS medium and MS medium without nanoparticles have been used as control treatment. For the first 6 days after sowing, germination percent and germination rate index were calculated by counting the germinated seeds every day. Groundnut seedlings were incubated for 3 weeks in optimum condition and after that, seedling characteristics such as length, wet and dry weight of radicle and plumule were measured. The water content of radicle and plumule were also calculated. The results of this study showed that radicle and plumule length of groundnut seedlings were affected by nZnO exposure, in a way that length of radicles in 50 mg.L-1 nZnO and higher concentrations was significantly lower than that of control treatment and the shortest plumule length was observed in 2000 mg.L-1 nZnO concentration treatment. Both the radicle and plumule wet weight were also decreased as the nanoparticle concentration was increased. However, despite the decreasing in radicle and plumule dry weight with increasing in nZnO concentration, this increase was not significant. However radicle dry weight in 10 mg.L-1 nZnO was significantly higher than nZnO treatments with 200 mg.L-1 concentration and higher concentrations. Moreover, observations of this study did not show any significant difference between the water content of nZnO concentration treatments and control treatment

Antifungal Activities of Neobalanocarpus heimii (Cengal) Heartwood Extracts on Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana

Neobalanocarpus heimii (Cengal) is from the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a long-lasting wood that is also one of the most robust timbers in the world. This species is native to Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand. In this study, the Cengal heartwood was studied concerning the amount of water extractive content with antifungal properties from the Neobalanocarpus heimii. The dilution method was used to test the antifungal properties. Wood meals samples were subjected to the sequential extractive beginning with hexane followed by dichloromethane, methanol and water. The extracts were collected and underwent evaporation by using rotary evaporator to obtain pure crude extract. The antifungal activities were determined using agar dilution method. Two selected fungi Trametes versicolor (T. versicolor) and Coniophora puteana (C. puteana) were used. The antifungal index (%) which compares the diameter of the growth zone for the experimental plate and control plate was calculated. The total percentage of yield from Neobalanocarpus heimii was 0.28%. The highest antifungal index obtained for Trametes versicolor (T. versicolor) was 81.22%, while C. puteana was 43.24%. The crude extracts from Neobalanocarpus heimii were effective in inhibiting the growth of Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana.

Digital gamers' attitude towards intention to continue playing digital games

User-centered design of digital games calls for a clear understanding of the mind and the thinking of digital gamers. This understanding is important because it allows digital games designers to create games with the right game dynamics to capture a specific market segment. In the past, digital games were produced without prior consideration of the human factors which were difficult to define and measure. Fang & Zhao (2010)paved the way towards the use of technology acceptance model to ascertain the degree of emotion flow which induces the desire to continue playing digital games. This paper used snowball sampling (Wright&Stein , 2005; Blernackl , 1981 ) to collect data which was used in the analysis to estimate how compatibility,trialability, observalability and attitude influenced the intention to continue playing digital games and how they affected actual behavior playing digital games. It was found that digital gamers’ attitude towards intention to continue playing digital games wassignificantly influenced by attitude beliefs compatibility and trialability. Observalability of digital games by digital gamers significantly increased intention to continue playing digital games