AKTIVITAS ANTIMALARIA PENGHAMBATAN POLIMERISASI HEME EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava) DAN DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya)

Dalam upaya pencarian sumber obat baru dari tumbuhan sebagai antimalaria berbasis pengetahuan etnobotani secara turun temurun, maka dilakukan pengujian penghambatan polimerisasi heme dari ekstrak etanol 70% daun Pepaya (Carica papaya) dan daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava). Data yang diperoleh dihitung IC50 dengan menggunakan SPSS 22 diperoleh bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% daun Pepaya (Carica papaya) dan daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) memiliki aktivitas sebagai antimalaria masing-masing sebesar 7.914 dan 8.794 mg/ml serta berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalam penelitian lebih lanjut sebagai antimalaria

Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, COX1/2-inhibitory activity, and molecular docking studies of hybrid pyrazole analogues

This article reports on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological activity of a new series of hybrid pyrazole analogues: 5a-5u. Among the series 5a-5u, the compounds 5u and 5s exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity of 80.63% and 78.09% and inhibition of 80.87% and 76.56% compared with the standard drug ibuprofen, which showed 81.32% and 79.23% inhibition after 3 and 4 hours, respectively. On the basis of in vivo studies, 12 compounds were selected for assessment of their in vitro inhibitory action against COX1/2 and TNF alpha. The compounds 5u and 5s showed high COX2-inhibitory activity, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1.79 and 2.51 mu M and selectivity index values of 72.73 and 65.75, respectively, comparable to celecoxib (selectivity index = 78.06). These selected compounds were also tested for TNF alpha, cytotoxicity, and ulcerogenicity. Docking studies were also carried out to determine possible interactions of the potent compounds (\(5u and 5s), which also showed high docking scores of -12.907 and -12.24 compared to celecoxib, with a -9.924 docking score. These selective COX2 inhibitors were docked into the active site of COX2, and showed the same orientation and binding mode to that of celecoxib (\(selective COX2 inhibitor). Docking studies also showed that the SO2NH2 of 5u and 5s is inserted deep inside the selective pocket of the COX2-active site and formed a hydrogen-bond interaction with His90, Arg513, Phe518, Ser353, Gln192, and Ile517, which was further validated by superimposed docked pose with celecoxib