IMPACT OF GLOBAL LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS ON PERFORMANCE OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES

Purpose of Study: The aim of this study is to influence the global leadership behaviors on performance in multinational companies. The leadership of multinational companies has become a prominent issue in the 21st century. Organizational performance depends on the leadership style and behavior of the organization. It is also viewed as the survival and profitability of an organization in which its measurement is primary both in manufacturing and services. On the other hand, transactional leadership focuses mainly on goal attainment and transactional leaders are focused on task completion and have fewer emphasis on the emotions and challenges of subordinates or employees. Methodology: The data for this study were obtained from existing literatures on the impact of global leadership behaviors on the performance of multinational companies. The methodology heavily relied on existing previous literatures on the subject being dealt with. Results: Transactional leadership was explicated as the style of leadership that focuses on meeting specific goals or performance criteria and the development of followers and their needs. Relations-oriented leaders are different from task-oriented leaders. On this side of the spectrum, relations-oriented leaders tend to focus more on developing a close relationship with their employees. Implications: Transactional leadership style lacks supervision and influence on subordinates from leaders, as they indulge themselves from any situation that threatens or confronts them; therefore, the responsibilities are shifted on the employees

DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AN OBVIOUS COMPLICATION IN LONG TERM TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CASE STUDY

  Most overwhelming complications of Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients are responsible for complications related to the microvascular system most likely with kidney. In the kidney, hyperglycemia induced microangiopathy resulting not only thickening of the glomerular capillary basement membrane but also to the proliferation of the mesangial matrix and solidifying of the tubular basement membrane. Several biochemical and pathological, factors are concerned for the development of diabetic renal microangiopathy. These include the glomerular hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration, transformed morphology of podocytes accompanies these basement membrane modifications, Type IV collagen augmented synthesis following the hyperglycemia, and increased expression of tissue matrix metalloproteinase. The aim of this case review is to highlight the recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, the overview and the potential renoprotective therapeutic agents that would prevent the development or the progression of diabetic nephropathy

Real time lane detection for autonomous vehicles

An increasing safety and reducing road accidents, thereby saving lives are one of great interest in the context of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. Apparently, among the complex and challenging tasks of future road vehicles is road lane detection or road boundaries detection. It is based on lane detection (which includes the localization of the road, the determination of the relative position between vehicle and road, and the analysis of the vehicle’s heading direction). One of the principal approaches to detect road boundaries and lanes using vision system on the vehicle. However, lane detection is a difficult problem because of the varying road conditions that one can encounter while driving. In this paper, a vision-based lane detection approach capable of reaching real time operation with robustness to lighting change and shadows is presented. The system acquires the front view using a camera mounted on the vehicle then applying few processes in order to detect the lanes. Using a pair of hyperbolas which are fitting to the edges of the lane, those lanes are extracted using Hough transform. The proposed lane detection system can be applied on both painted and unpainted road as well as curved and straight road in different weather conditions. This approach was tested and the experimental results show that the proposed scheme was robust and fast enough for real time requirements. Eventually, a critical overview of the methods were discussed, their potential for future deployment were assis

User-Generated-Content and Millennial Moms' Birthplace Decision-Making Process

Consumer reviews and experiences on UGC platforms are interoperable decision-making sources. Revolutionized UGC communication platform has changed millennial moms' birthplace decision-making process. They are rising concerns that UGC may lead to unsafe birth practices and risk the safety of the mother and baby. This preliminary qualitative study objective focused on exploring how other birth experiences shared over the UGC platform influence millennial moms' birthplace decisions. Preliminary findings identified two themes: verification and ratification and visibility and trustworthiness. The study provides in-depth information that aids policymakers, service providers, and marketers in understanding the millennial birthplace decision-making process from the consumers' perspective.                                                                                                          Keywords: user-generated-content; decision-making process; experience; information search eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i22.415

Communications cryptography

In today's information age, communications play an important role which 1s contributed to the growth o f technologies. Electronic security is increasingly involved in making communications more prevalent. Therefore, a mechanism is needed to assure the security and privacy o f information that is sent over the electronic communications media is in need. Whether the communications media is wired o r wireless, both can be not protected from unauthorized reception or interception of transmission. The, method of transforming the original information into the unreadable format is called encryption and decryption of information. The study o f encryption and decryption is known as Cryptography. Cryptography or communication by using secret code was used by the Egyptians some 4000 years ago. However, t h e science of cryptography was initiated by Arabs since 600s. Cryptography becomes vital in the twentieth century where it played a crucial role in the World War I and 11. This paper focuses on the analysis of the two types of key cryptography exists, based on the availability of the key publicly: Private key Cryptography, and Public Key Cryptography. Both the sender and the recipient share a key that must be kept private. In the former case the sender and recipient share a private key between the two o f them which must be distributed first before actual communications take place. This analysis shows how much complicated and difficult to do properly. T h e most famous example o f t h i s type of cryptography is the Data Encryption Standard (DES). In the Public Key Cryptography, each party has two sets o f keys; one key is known to the public while the other is kept secret to the owner

Speech coding for Bluetooth with CVSD algorithm

Speech coding is a procedure used to represent a digital speech signal by as minimum bits as possible, maintaining at the same time a reasonable level of speech quality. Due to increasing demand for speech communications, speech coding technology has received a lot o f researcher's interests. Speech coding is performed using numerous steps or operations specified as an algorithm. This paper presents the Continuously Variable Slope Delta (CVSD) speech coding method which is widely used in Bluetooth applications. It is a nonlinear sampled data feedback system which accepts a band limited analog signal and encodes it into binary form for transmission through a digital channel. At the receiver, the binary signal is decoded into a close approximation of original analog signal. This coding technique is implemented in Matlab Simulink and the simulation results shown coding has good noise immunity. Further, shown in this work is the fact that damaged packets are discarded straight away without having a serious impact on the speech quality making it more suitable for two way audio communications

Radiation measurement from mobile base stations at a university campus in Malaysia

The tremendous growth of telecommunication industry results the number of hand phone users increases everyday. In order to support the growing number of users, the mobile base stations can be seen in almost everywhere. This scenario has created uncomfortable feelings to the people that they may be affected by the radiations from antennas. A measurement was done at student hostels and office premises near to base stations in International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak campus. Measured values are compared with Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC), IEEE and ANSI recommendations for safety guidelines. The results are presented in this study