The Effects of Exercise Intensity on Acylated Ghrelin, Active Glucagon-like Peptide-1, and Appetite: Examining The Potential Involvement of Interleukin-6

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates the release of appetite-regulating hormones in animals and associates with decreased energy intake in humans. Thus, IL-6 may contribute to the intensity- dependent effects of exercise on appetite-related parameters. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise intensity on IL-6, appetite-regulating hormones, and appetite perceptions. Eight active young males completed four sessions: 1) Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 30 min running, 65% VO2max); 2) High-intensity continuous training (HICT; 30 min running, 85% VO2max); 3) Sprint interval training (SIT; 4 x 30 sec “all-out” running bouts separated by 4 min recovery); 4) Control (CTRL; no exercise). Blood samples were obtained immediately pre- and post-exercise, as well as 30- and 90-min post-exercise for the measurement of acylated ghrelin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and IL-6. Appetite perceptions were assessed at the same time-points using a visual analog scale. Energy intake was recorded for a 3-day period beginning on the day before each session. Acylated ghrelin and appetite were suppressed after HICT (P\u3c0.005) and SIT (P\u3c0.002), though more so after SIT compared to MICT (P\u3c0.042). Active GLP-1 concentrations increased immediately after MICT (P\u3c0.001) and 30 min after HICT (P\u3c0.001) and SIT (P=0.005). Intensity-dependent increases in IL-6 coincided with decreases in acylated ghrelin and correlated negatively with appetite after HICT. Though not correlated, simultaneous increases in GLP-1 and IL-6 were observed 30 min after HICT and SIT. Free-living energy intake was reduced on the day after HICT compared to both MICT (P=0.028) and CTRL (P=0.020). These findings support an intensity-dependent paradigm for appetite-regulation that is strongly associated with changes in acylated ghrelin and may be mediated by IL-6

SARS-CoV-2 Syncytium under the Radar: Molecular Insights of the Spike-Induced Syncytia and Potential Strategies to Limit SARS-CoV-2 Replication

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces non-physiological syncytia when its spike fusogenic protein on the surface of the host cells interacts with the ACE2 receptor on adjacent cells. Spike-induced syncytia are beneficial for virus replication, transmission, and immune evasion, and contribute to the progression of COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the properties of viral fusion proteins, mainly the SARS-CoV-2 spike, and the involvement of the host factors in the fusion process. We also highlight the possible use of anti-fusogenic factors as an antiviral for the development of therapeutics against newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and how the fusogenic property of the spike could be exploited for biomedical applications

Outage probability analysis of Co-Tier interference in heterogeneous network

In Heterogeneous Network (HetNet), the femtocell (HeNB) has been deployed by the telecommunication industries to provide extensive coverage as well as capacity in an indoor. These HeNBs are Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) which is randomly used in co-channel with macrocell (MeNB) and causes the Co-Tier Interference (CTI) in OFDMA. The effect of CTI in OFDMA systems can lead the system throughput degradation and service disruption. Because of quick direct changing features in Rayleigh channel, it is compulsory to succeed the satisfactory performance. The signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR) is arbitrary which drives the highest capacity to be an irregular variable. However, this paper derives the expressions of outage probabilities based on the hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) with biogeography based dynamic subcarrier allocation (HGBBDSA) algorithm is implemented in reducing the outage probability. The outage probability countenance is expressed for the moment-generating function of the total SINR at the receivers end. The simulation results demonstrate that the HGBBDSA can lessen the outage to 45 % than existing methods

Internal and External Barriers to Effective Supply Chain Management Implementation in Malaysian Manufacturing Companies: A Priority List Based on Varying Demographic Perspectives

Successful implementation of supply-chain management in a developing country such as Malaysia is considered a major challenge due to lack of awareness and unclear missions and goals. Focusing on this idea, this article compares the ranking of various demographic groups in relation to the internal and external barriers experienced by Malaysian manufacturing companies. The identified lists of internal and external barriers are prioritised using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Ten respondents with wide ranging experience in SCM provided the necessary information in the prioritisation exercise. The ranking of the respondents from different races, age groups, education levels, employment types, work experience and designations suggests significant variations between these groups in the ranking of the internal and external barriers. The findings of this research provide important information to company managers who desire to implement SCM in a multi-cultural setting such as Malaysia. The onus is on these managers to be cautious in developing a strategic plan for its effective implementation and also in designing programs to overcome SCM obstacles

Appropriateness of Western-Style HRM practices to emerging countries, a case study of Bangladesh

This paper outlines its significance to the both academic and practice arena. The main question, therefore, underpinning this paper and research inform it is: • How appropriate the Western-Style HRM practices to the emerging countries specifically in Bangladesh

Delay Contributing Factors and Strategies Towards Its Minimization in IoT

Internet of Things (IoT) refers to various interconnected devices, typically supplied with limited computational and communication resources. Most of the devices are designed to operate with limited memory and processing capability, low bandwidth, short range and other characteristics of low cost hardware. The resulting networks are exposed to traffic loss and prone to other vulnerabilities. One of the major concerns is to ensure that the network communication among these deployed devices remains at required level of Quality of Service (QoS) of different IoT applications. The purpose of this paper is to highlight delay contributing factors in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) since providing low end-to-end delay is a crucial issue in IoT environment especially for mission critical applications. Various research efforts in relevance to this aspect are then presente

Security aspects and efforts towards secure Internet of things

Abstract—Internet of Things (IoT) consists of wired and wireless devices, typically supplied with minimum physical resources including limited computational and communication resources. Most of the devices are distinguished by their low bandwidth, short range, scarce memory capacity, limited processing capability and other attributes of inexpensive hardware. The resulting networks are more prone to traffic loss and other vulnerabilities. One of the potential networking challenges is to ensure the network communication among these deployed devices remains secure at less processing and communication overhead, and small packet size. The purpose of this paper is to highlight possible security attacks in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) as identifying pertinent security issues is an initial step to design the effective countermeasures. The IETF efforts in relevance to security implementation of this type of network are presented with focus on layer-2 and authentication mechanism at upper layer

Gold nanoparticle sensor for the visual detection of pork adulteration in meatball formulation.

We visually identify pork adulteration in beef and chicken meatball preparations using 20 nm gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as colorimetric sensors. Meatball is a popular food in certain Asian and European countries. Verification of pork adulteration in meatball is necessary to meet the Halal and Kosher food standards. Twenty nm GNPs change color from pinkish-red to gray-purple, and their absorption peak at 525 nm is red-shifted by 30–50 nm in 3 mM phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Adsorption of single-stranded DNA protects the particles against salt-induced aggregation. Mixing and annealing of a 25-nucleotide (nt) single-stranded (ss) DNA probe with denatured DNA of different meatballs differentiated well between perfectly matched and mismatch hybridization at a critical annealing temperature. The probes become available in nonpork DNA containing vials due to mismatches and interact with GNPs to protect them from salt-induced aggregation. Whereas, all the pork containing vials, either in pure and mixed forms, consumed the probes totally by perfect hybridization and turned into grey, indicating aggregation. This is clearly reflected by a well-defined red-shift of the absorption peak and significantly increased absorbance in 550–800 nm regimes. This label-free low-cost assay should find applications in food analysis, genetic screening, and homology studies

Vision based road lane detection system for vehicles guidance

Driver support system is one of the most important feature of the modern vehicles to ensure driver safety and decrease vehicle accident on roads. Apparently, the road lane detection or road boundaries detection is the complex and most challenging tasks. It is includes the localization of the road and the determination of the relative position between vehicle and road. A vision system using on-board camera looking outwards from the windshield is presented in this paper. The system acquires the front view using a camera mounted on the vehicle and detects the lanes by applying few processes. The lanes are extracted using Hough transform through a pair of hyperbolas which are fitted to the edges of the lanes. The proposed lane detection system can be applied on both painted and unpainted roads as well as curved and straight road in different weather conditions. The proposed system does not require any extra information such as lane width, time to lane crossing and offset between the center of the lanes. In addition, camera calibration and coordinate transformation are also not required. The system was investigated under various situations of changing illumination, and shadows effects in various road types without speed limits. The system has demonstrated a robust performance for detecting the road lanes under different conditions

Femtocell network synchronization

Currently, Femtocell technology emerged for cellular wireless networks, which has rapidly engrossed cellular industry. The principle of femtocell to the mobile operators is to reduce cost and improve signal quality in indoor coverage which is also considered a possible path to the fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) goal. Femtocell extends network coverage and delivers high-quality mobile services inside residential and business buildings through broadband network i.e. ADSL. Femtocell access point (FAP) or home base station (HBS) intends to serve small number of users i.e. 4 users and covers about 30 meter square similar to existing WiFi access points. However, femtocell introduces new challenges to the telecom industries in terms of handoff between femto and macrocells, interference management, localization and synchronization. Among all 0 f these challenges, synchronization is considered corner stone for proper working for femtocell. The problematic issue in femtocell synchronization is that all the data and control traffics travel through IP broadband network. The IP broadband network is usually owned and managed by third party and not by the mobile operator, which is complicated the synchronization. Unsynchronized FAPs may cause harm interferences and wrong handover dictions. In this study we investigate and overview the current femtocell synchronization techniques and compare between them. Possible improvements and recommendation for each method is identified. Future research areas and open issues were also discussed