European labour markets challenges in the context of the “Europe 2020” srategy

The article studies the crisis’ effects on the development of the labour markets in Europe and in Bulgaria, in particular. It outlines the strong decrease in labour demand and high unemployment in a considerable part of the member-countries as well as the decrease in households’ income and the standard of living dynamics. The increasing pressure on public finances under crisis conditions encounters their restricted opportunities, additionally limited by the strict fiscal consideration carried out. The active labour market policies, carried out manage partially and temporary to compensate for the negative effects of the crisis. All this gives rise to challenges facing the European Strategy 2020 goals and calls for reviewing the managerial and financial mechanisms, triggering for its achievement.Europe 2020 strategy, European labour market, unemployment, active labour market policy, public expenditures

The modulation features of the long-period cosmic ray variations in connection with the sign change of the general magnetic field of the Sun

On the basis of the model and experimental investigations, the spatial distribution of cosmic ray anisotropy for the different epochs of solar activity is studied. A solution is offered to the anisotropic diffusion equation with regard to the electromagnetic conditions for the periods of minimum and maximum solar activity and cosmic ray particle drift in a regular interplanetary magnetic field. It is shown that the long period changes amplitude and phase of the diurnal variations of cosmic rays is limited not only by convection and diffusion of particles but also by the drift effect before and after the sing change of the general magnetic field of the Sun. The calculated model is compared with the results obtained on the basis of an analysis of the experimental data from the neutron super monitor station, and it is shown that for the periods when the lines of magnetic force of the Sun come from the Northern Hemisphere the phase of the first harmonic diurnal variation is shifted forwards to an earlier time

¿Qué aporta el realismo crítico a la investigación en matemática educativa?

Este artículo analiza la posición filosófica del realismo crítico y su utilidad potencial en la investigación en educación matemática (IEM). Se divide en tres partes. La primera parte ofrece el marco teórico. Se presenta el realismo crítico en relación con la pluralidad de teorías en IEM. La segunda parte ofrece un análisis de cuatro categorías de teorías usadas en IEM: la psicología cultural, las etnomatemáticas, la perspectiva practico-interpretativa, y aspectos de semiótica y discurso. Se utiliza el método realista crítico denominado crítica del talón de Aquiles para señalar puntos de vulnerabilidad aunque fundamentales en cada categoría. Se argumenta que la identificación del talón de Aquiles puede revelar las ventajas de la no parcialidad. La tercera parte presenta la síntesis de los resultados. Se identifican los teóricos quienes previamente identificaron algunos posibles talones de Aquiles y se señalan once de estos para así evitar posiciones parciales en IEM

Communicability Of Pleasure And Normativity Of Taste In Kant’s Third Critique

Do claims of taste function as validity claims? Our ordinary use of aesthetic notions suggests as much. When I assert that Rodin’s Camille Claudel is ‘beautiful’ I mean my claim to be, in a sense, correct. I expect others to concur and if they do not I think that they are mistaken. But am I justified in attributing an error to the judgment of someone who, unlike me, does not find Rodin’s Camille Claudel beautiful? Not obviously. For it looks, on the other hand, that my assertion “The sculpture of Camille Claudel is beautiful” is not an assertion about a property of that sculpture, not, that is, about a feature of the world which exists for others as well as for me. Quite the opposite, I seem to base my claim on a subjective response, on a certain feeling of mine. I maintain that the sculpture of Camille Claudel is ‘beautiful’ because it produces a particular effect upon me, namely it pleases me aesthetically. But how can the feeling of pleasure, being a subjective response on my part, serve as a normative ground for a claim

Decent work in Bulgaria

This study develops the issue of Decent work in Bulgaria focusing on employment conditions e.g. employment contracts, working time, wages, health and safety at work place, access to training, conciliation of work and family, as well as some specific issues like child labour, in particular. When studying the effects of structural and technological transformations in Bulgaria on decent work environment the authors have paid special attention on the analysis of the interrelations and linkages between the different elements of decent work. Important aspect of the analysis is that of the relevance between some economic and social policies and the achieved progress. The development of socio-economic and political environment in Bulgaria in the period 1995-2006 outlines stable upward trend of improvement in work conditions. In some segments the improvement had been more visible, while in others – not. Irrespective of this, the ongoing debates on the issues and the more attention, paid by policy-makers on it, should be considered as a first step of the progress. As a second step we have to consider the more consistent and relevant character of the applied policies that were introduced since 2000. The study includes two parts. In the first it analyses the trends in the development of the elements of decent work in Bulgaria, numbered above. This analysis is based on the available statistics and in some cases it covers the period 1995-2006, but in others – it does not because of lack of regular statistical observations. The second part of the study deals with some interactions between the elements of decent work. They are analysed taking into consideration their multi-dimensional character and available statistical information. Some of the linkages and trade-offs are metrically assessed (where it is possible), while the others are based on qualitative assumptions and evaluations. As a result the study identifies the main vulnerable groups.employment condition, employment contract, working time, wages, health and safety at work place, access to training, conciliation of work and family

Sequential integrations of badnaviruses into the M. acuminata and M. balbisiana genomes

Banana streak virus (BSV) is a double stranded DNA pararetrovirus belonging to the genus Badnavirus and triggering necrotic mosaic lesions on banana plants. BSV exhibits a higher biodiversity than other badnaviruses as a consequence of two phenomena: the epidemic process of the disease through contamination of plant to plant by vector and the release of infectious viral genomes by the banana genome harboring endogenous sequences. BSV sequences described so far are spread among the three groups of the badnavirus diversity. BSV-like sequences belonging to group 2 seem to be all integrated into the banana genome since no infectious episomal particles have been identified so far. We describe here the characterization of such integrations in thirty-four plant samples belonging to different families of the Zingiberale order with a banana sampling representative of the Musa diversity. We have firstly looked for group 2 sequences using PCR with 7 sets of primers which are specific of the 7 BSV-like species identified so far in this group. We then used Southern blot approach with viral probes corresponding to each BSV-like species. Sequenced PCR products of the RT-RNase H region of the viral genome have been used for the construction of a phylogenetic tree. We found all the 7 BSV-like species within the A genomes whereas only 4 species were within B genomes. Interestingly, two new species have been discovered in M. balbisiana genomes only. Additionally, four BSV-like species seem to be integrated in M. schizocarpa, M. basjoo, M. ornata and M. itinerans but these results have to be confirmed. The integration patterns observed by Southern blot analysis show multiple and different integrations of BSV-like species into M. acuminata plants conversely to M. balbisiana plants where patterns are highly conserved. The data suggest that BSV-like integrations likely occurred for some of them before the speciation M. acuminata/M. balbisiana whereas others occurred afterwards. (Texte intégral