“In the name(s) of the moon!”: ‘Japaneseness’ & Reader Identity in Two Translations of Sailor Moon

Manga has become increasingly popular in the United States since the 1990s, and over time, the strategies employed in translating these texts for English-speaking audiences have shifted. As translation practices have changed, so too has the status of the sociocultural construct of 'Japaneseness' – a commodified branding of Japanese elements – in translated manga. A striking example of this shift can be seen in two English translations of Naoko Takeuchi's 1991 manga Bishôjo Senshi Sêrâ Mûn (Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon) for the U.S. market, released 13 years apart: the 1998 Mixx/TokyoPop translation and the 2011 Kodansha translation. In this paper, we examine the use of four linguistic features – loanwords, honorifics, onomatopoeia, and iconicity – in both translations, and find that each version broadly employs a different strategy to either erase (in the case of the earlier translation) or amplify and actively create (in the case of the later translation) 'Japaneseness' within the text. These strategies in turn afford two different ways for readers to engage with Sailor Moon, so following our analysis of the texts themselves, we then examine fan discourse to show how readers construct distinct identities by drawing on salient linguistic features of each translation. The shift from a preference for domesticated reading experiences to a desire for translations to retain as much Japanese character as possible reveals the construct of 'Japaneseness' as central to the commodification of Japanese language and culture in both manga publishing and Anglophone fandom more broadly.Ope

Le service de santé national grec (organisation, financement et politique du médicament)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

“In the name(s) of the moon!”: ‘Japaneseness’ & Reader Identity in Two Translations of Sailor Moon

Manga has become increasingly popular in the United States since the 1990s, and over time, the strategies employed in translating these texts for English-speaking audiences have shifted. As translation practices have changed, so too has the status of the sociocultural construct of 'Japaneseness' – a commodified branding of Japanese elements – in translated manga. A striking example of this shift can be seen in two English translations of Naoko Takeuchi's 1991 manga Bishôjo Senshi Sêrâ Mûn (Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon) for the U.S. market, released 13 years apart: the 1998 Mixx/TokyoPop translation and the 2011 Kodansha translation. In this paper, we examine the use of four linguistic features – loanwords, honorifics, onomatopoeia, and iconicity – in both translations, and find that each version broadly employs a different strategy to either erase (in the case of the earlier translation) or amplify and actively create (in the case of the later translation) 'Japaneseness' within the text. These strategies in turn afford two different ways for readers to engage with Sailor Moon, so following our analysis of the texts themselves, we then examine fan discourse to show how readers construct distinct identities by drawing on salient linguistic features of each translation. The shift from a preference for domesticated reading experiences to a desire for translations to retain as much Japanese character as possible reveals the construct of 'Japaneseness' as central to the commodification of Japanese language and culture in both manga publishing and Anglophone fandom more broadly.</jats:p

Streamlining the management stage through 4Dplanning

Inom byggbranschen har det konstaterats att BIM och 4D-planering är arbetssätt som effektiviserar och underlättar arbete under projektering- och produktionsskedet. Det har visat sig att dessa tekniker är kostnads- samt tidsbesparande. Åskådliggörande av en visuell modell för planering inför framtida arbetsmoment är av stor vikt för effektivisering. I dagsläget saknar förvaltningsskedet implementering av 4D i arbetsprocessen. För att kunna förvalta en byggnad så måste informationsunderlaget vara korrekt på sådan detaljnivå att drift och underhåll kan utföras effektivt samt att underlaget ständigt kan uppdateras. I dagsläget ställs inte noggranna krav för informationsövergången från tidigare skeden till förvaltning. Förvaltaren har inte heller kompetens att använda sig utav teknik i 4D. Den fjärde dimensionen innefattar tid och en tidplan kopplas till en befintlig 3D-modell. Flertalet studier har genomförts för att ta reda på hur tekniken 4D kan tillämpas inom arbete med förvaltning. Undersökningar kring dagens största problem inom förvaltning har betraktats för belysning av ett lösningsförslag genom tillämpning av tekniken. Stort intresse för implementering av tekniken har skådats. Däremot existerar bristande kunskap för hantering av tekniken. Förvaltare har i studerade fall svårigheter att hantera utdelad information från tidigare byggskeden och bidrar i många fall till en undermålig förvaltning. Detta på grund av att informationen är storartad, svårhanterlig och innehållandes oanvändbara aspekter. Främjande av drift- och underhållsarbetet strävas efter i rapporten genom en enda digitaliserad modell där fjärde dimensionen adderas och där samtlig information till förvaltare sammanställs. Rapportens grund ligger i djupgående intervjuer gällande förvaltningsprocessen och dess problem. En enkätundersökning har använts för ingående kunskap inom ämnet.Within the construction process it has been shown that BIM and 4D planning are working methods that streamlines and facilitates work during the projection and production phases. It has been shown that these techniques are both cost- and timesaving. Illustrating a visual model to plan for future operations is of great importance for efficiency purposes. In the current situation the management stage is lacking implementation of 4D in its working process. To be able to manage a building, the information base has to be correct in such a detail level so that service and maintenance can be accomplished effectively and that the base constantly is updated. Today the optimal requirements for the information transfer are lacking and the trustee does not have the knowledge to use 4D technique. The fourth dimension includes time and a time schedule is connected to an existing 3D model. Several studies were performed to find out how the 4D technique can be applied for management work. Investigations around today’s problems in management have been observed to illustrate a suggested solution by applying the technique. A great interest for implementing the technique has been seen. On the contrary it exists deficient knowledge for managing the technique. Trustees in studied cases have difficulties to handle the distributed information from previous construction stages and in many cases it causes a poor management. This is caused by the information being too grand, unmanageable and containing unusable aspects. Conducive to service and maintenance are strived for in the report through only one single digitized model where the fourth dimension is added and where all information for trustees is compiled. The foundation of the report is in profound interviews for the management’s work process and its main problems. A survey has been used for thorough knowledge of the subject