The Influence of Consumption Patterns, Nutritional Status, and Family Characteristics on Learning Achievement of Children at SD Inpres Mokdale in Rote Ndao District

One indicator of an individual's wellbeing is related to the nutritional status. The status is influenced by consumption patterns that can be determined by family conditions. Good nutritional status has a positive impact on learning achievement. The purpose of this study is to find whether there is a link between consumption pattern, nutritional status, and family characteristics on academic achievement. This research used an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional study design. The sample consisted of 118 children in grades 4 and 5 at SD Inpres Mokdale, Rote Ndao District, East Nusa Tenggara. Data analysis used the chi-square test with α=0,05. The results showed that there was no influence between parental education, parental work, family size and expenses on students' learning achievement. Consumption patterns and nutritional status also had no influence on the achievement. This research suggested that learning achievement can be influenced by other factors besides biological and family factors such as psychological factors, school environment, and the community support around the children

Penentuan Harga Pokok Beras di Kecamatan Kotamobagu Timur Kota Kotamobagu

The research with the title "Determination of Floor Price of Rice in the Eastern District Kotamobagu,Kotamobagu City" was designed to determine the base price of rice in the district east of the city KotamobaguKotamobagu, and compare the prices of goods sold at market prices and government purchase price(HPP). This research was conducted from November to December 2010. Data obtained from primary andsecondary data. Primary data obtained from direct interviews using a questionnaire to farmers, and primarydata obtained from the relevant agencies. Determining the location of intentional (purposive sampling)where a small village and village Kobo Moyag chosen because it is the biggest rice producing region inthe Eastern District Kotamobagu. The samples were farmers conducted by simple random sampling.Analysis of the data used is the method of Full Costing by summing the total component cost.The results showed that the size of the average floor price in District of East Kotamobagu isRp4961.56 per kilogram. The average floor price of rice in Sub Moyag higher than Kobo Small Village

Intraspecific Variation on Early Growth of Neolamarckia Cadamba Miq. in Provenance-progeny Tests in West Java Province, Indonesia

Genetic parameters on early growth of Neolamarckia cadamba, an indigenous species with potential as a source of wood timber, were estimated in open-pollinated provenance-progeny tests at two sites in West Java Province, Indonesia. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with 12 provenances, 105 families and 5 replications of 4-tree row plots. Total height and root collar diameter were measured at the age of 18 months growth. Significant differences among the provenances and families within provenances were observed for height and collar diameter at all sites, except for the collar diameter of among provenances at Parungpanjang site. In general, Garut (GSJ) provenance performed better growth at the two sites than Kualakencana (KKP) and Nusa Kambangan (NKJ) provenances. The evaluation of component of variance at the two sites showed that the provenance effects (ranging from 0.5 to 1.7%) contributed more to total variance than family within provenance effects(ranging from 0.4 to 0.6%). Genetic correlations between height and collar diameter were weak to moderate. Heritability was low for all traits at Limbangan, while at Parungpanjang, the heritability was moderate. Estimation of genetic gain for height and diameter by proportional selected family 0.30 was 0.13 and 0.18 for Limbangan and 0.31 and 0.16 for Parungpanjang. Heritability measurement should be sustained to reach stable value. Stable heritability combined with selection of family and selection within family will improve genetic gain

Variation Among Populations and Correlation Among Seedling Characters of White Jabon (Neolamarckia Cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) Under Drought and Water Logging Stress

Drought and water logging stress are the most critical environmental factors that affect tree seedling survival and growth in the field. In this study, 12 populations of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) were evaluated to determine the genetic variability among populations and correlation among morpho-physiological seedling characters under drought and water logging stresses. Two research units were carried out by the randomized complete design with 2 x 12 factorial arrangements, i.e. (1) drought stress (2 treatments) and population (12 populations), and (2) water logging stress (2 treatments) and population (12 populations). Results showed that the responses of seedling traits were varied among populations under drought and water logging stresses. White Jabon seedling has higher adaptation to water logging stress than to drought stress. Kampar and Gowa populations have better adaptation to water logging stress. In drought stress, Gowa population had better adaptation followed by Nusa Kambangan population. Seedling height, total biomass and proline content characters based on value of broad sense heritability and correlation among characters, could be considered as important indicators for improvement programs for drought tolerance, while in the water logging stress, height, total biomass, root length and leaf area could be considered as important indicators for improvement program of white Jabon for tolerance on waterlogged sites

An Epidemiology of Reported Needlestick Injuries among Health Care Workers in Sabah Health Government Facilities from 1999 – 2008

Introduction: Health care workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids of patients, resulting in possible transmission of blood- borne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. The information on epidemiology of needle stick injury among HCWs is useful in recommending safer work practices. Materials and Methods: All cases of NSI reported within the period 1999 to 2008 from public health care facilities to the Sabah State Health Department were identified and analyzed accordingly. NSI is defined as any injury caused by hollow- bore needles or suture needles regardless of whether they are contaminated by blood/ body fluids or not. Health care worker is defined as Ministry of Health staff, trainees and health facilities support service workers. The software used for data analysis was SPSS version 15.0. Results: A total of 378 cases of NSI were notified after considering NSI definition. Majority of HCWs involved in NSI were from the younger age group (20-29 years old, 61.9%), female gender (76.1%), Kadazan Dusun Murut ethnicity (33.5%), nurses (41.1%) and those who had worked for more than one year (66.6%). The place of occurrence was mostly in Kota Kinabalu district (25.3%), hospital setting (90.5%) and in- patient wards (60.8%). Of this in– patient ward, 64.5% was in medical and surgical wards. About 60% of NSI occurred during the morning shift (7am-2pm) and mostly among the nurses (54.0%). The duration of seeking treatment from injury was mostly within 24 hours (83.3%). The mechanism of accident happens while performing disposal activity (35.3%) and followed by any clinical procedure involving needle (31.1%). Other mechanism of accident was recapping (17.6%) and jolted/ accident (16.1%). Of all the reported NSI, 53.1% involved intravenous procedure. The body part involved in injury was mostly the right finger (57.1%). Almost all the needles were contaminated with blood or body fluid (90.0%). Post injury management, 73.5% were given first aid treatment and 99.4% were not awarded any medical leave. Existing control measures for NSI were standard operating procedure (SOP) (47.9%), training (36.9%) and PPE (10.5%). Conclusion: NSI commonly occurred among nurses, those in the younger age group and those working in medical/ surgical ward. Working during morning shift seems to predispose nurses to NSI. Since most NSI occurred during intravenous procedure and disposal activity, safer work practices should be emphasized to minimize these injuries. Further study in hospital and primary health care setting will determine the details of contributing factors of NSI

An Epidemiology of Reported Needlestick Injuries among Health Care Workers in Sabah Health Government Facilities from 1999 – 2008

Introduction: Health care workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids of patients, resulting in possible transmission of blood- borne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. The information on epidemiology of needle stick injury among HCWs is useful in recommending safer work practices. Materials and Methods: All cases of NSI reported within the period 1999 to 2008 from public health care facilities to the Sabah State Health Department were identified and analyzed accordingly. NSI is defined as any injury caused by hollow- bore needles or suture needles regardless of whether they are contaminated by blood/ body fluids or not. Health care worker is defined as Ministry of Health staff, trainees and health facilities support service workers. The software used for data analysis was SPSS version 15.0. Results: A total of 378 cases of NSI were notified after considering NSI definition. Majority of HCWs involved in NSI were from the younger age group (20-29 years old, 61.9%), female gender (76.1%), Kadazan Dusun Murut ethnicity (33.5%), nurses (41.1%) and those who had worked for more than one year (66.6%). The place of occurrence was mostly in Kota Kinabalu district (25.3%), hospital setting (90.5%) and in- patient wards (60.8%). Of this in– patient ward, 64.5% was in medical and surgical wards. About 60% of NSI occurred during the morning shift (7am-2pm) and mostly among the nurses (54.0%). The duration of seeking treatment from injury was mostly within 24 hours (83.3%). The mechanism of accident happens while performing disposal activity (35.3%) and followed by any clinical procedure involving needle (31.1%). Other mechanism of accident was recapping (17.6%) and jolted/ accident (16.1%). Of all the reported NSI, 53.1% involved intravenous procedure. The body part involved in injury was mostly the right finger (57.1%). Almost all the needles were contaminated with blood or body fluid (90.0%). Post injury management, 73.5% were given first aid treatment and 99.4% were not awarded any medical leave. Existing control measures for NSI were standard operating procedure (SOP) (47.9%), training (36.9%) and PPE (10.5%). Conclusion: NSI commonly occurred among nurses, those in the younger age group and those working in medical/ surgical ward. Working during morning shift seems to predispose nurses to NSI. Since most NSI occurred during intravenous procedure and disposal activity, safer work practices should be emphasized to minimize these injuries. Further study in hospital and primary health care setting will determine the details of contributing factors of NSI

A crowd-sourcing approach for the construction of species-specific cell signaling networks

Motivation: Animal models are important tools in drug discovery and for understanding human biology in general. However, many drugs that initially show promising results in rodents fail in later stages of clinical trials. Understanding the commonalities and differences between human and rat cell signaling networks can lead to better experimental designs, improved allocation of resources and ultimately better drugs. Results: The sbv IMPROVER Species-Specific Network Inference challenge was designed to use the power of the crowds to build two species-specific cell signaling networks given phosphoproteomics, transcriptomics and cytokine data generated from NHBE and NRBE cells exposed to various stimuli. A common literature-inspired reference network with 220 nodes and 501 edges was also provided as prior knowledge from which challenge participants could add or remove edges but not nodes. Such a large network inference challenge not based on synthetic simulations but on real data presented unique difficulties in scoring and interpreting the results. Because any prior knowledge about the networks was already provided to the participants for reference, novel ways for scoring and aggregating the results were developed. Two human and rat consensus networks were obtained by combining all the inferred networks. Further analysis showed that major signaling pathways were conserved between the two species with only isolated components diverging, as in the case of ribosomal S6 kinase RPS6KA1. Overall, the consensus between inferred edges was relatively high with the exception of the downstream targets of transcription factors, which seemed more difficult to predict. Contact: [email protected] or [email protected]. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics onlin

Annotation extensions

The specificity of knowledge that Gene Ontology (GO) annotations currently can represent is still restricted by the legacy format of the GO annotation file, a format intentionally designed for simplicity to keep the barriers to entry low and thus encourage initial adoption. Historically, the information that could be captured in a GO annotation was simply the role or location of a gene product, although genetically interacting or binding partners could be specified. While there was no mechanism within the original GO annotation format for capturing additional information about the context of a GO term, such as the target gene of an activity or the location of a molecular function, the long-term vision for the GO Consortium was to provide greater expressivity in its annotations to capture physiologically relevant information. Thus, as a step forwards, the GO Consortium has introduced a new field into the annotation format, annotation extensions, which can be used to capture valuable contextual detail. This provides experimentally verified links between gene products and other physiological information that is crucial for accurate analysis of pathway and network data. This chapter will provide a simple overview of annotation extensions, illustrated with examples of their usage, and explain why they are useful for scientists and bioinformaticians alike