63 research outputs found
A phase II study of amrubicin and carboplatin for previously untreated patients with extensive-disease small cell lung cancer
Background: Amrubicin is active in the treatment of extensive-disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC), and carboplatin is an analogue of cisplatin with less non-hematological toxicity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of amrubicin and carboplatin combination chemotherapy for previously untreated patients with ED-SCLC. Patients and methods: Eligibility criteria were chemotherapy-naive ED-SCLC patients, performance status 0-1, age ?75, and adequate hematological, hepatic and renal function. Based on the phase I study, the patients received amrubicin 35 mg/m2 i.v. infusion on days 1, 2, and 3, and carboplatin AUC 5 i.v. infusion on day 1. Four cycles of chemotherapy were repeated every 3 weeks. Results: Thirty-five patients were enrolled, and 34 patients were eligible and assessable for response, toxicity, and survival. Patients\u27 characteristics were as follows: male/female = 26/8; performance status 0/1 = 4/30; median age (range) = 64 (41-75); stage IV = 34. Evaluation of responses was 6 complete response, 21 partial response, and 7 stable disease (response rate 79.4 %, 95 % CI 63.6-88.5 %). Grade 3 and 4 leukopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia occurred in 59, 82, and 26 %, respectively. There were no treatment-related deaths or pneumonitis. Three patients experienced hypotension as an amrubicin infusion reaction. The median progression-free survival time was 6.5 months. The median overall survival time and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 15.6 months, and 63, 28, and 7 %, respectively. Conclusions: Amrubicin and carboplatin were effective and tolerable as chemotherapy for previously untreated patients with ED-SCLC. Further investigation of amrubicin and carboplatin is warranted
Measuring the burden of infodemics : summary of the methods and results of the fifth WHO infodemic management conference
Background: An infodemic is excess information, including false or misleading information, that spreads in digital and physical
environments during a public health emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by an unprecedented global
infodemic that has led to confusion about the benefits of medical and public health interventions, with substantial impact on
risk-taking and health-seeking behaviors, eroding trust in health authorities and compromising the effectiveness of public health
responses and policies. Standardized measures are needed to quantify the harmful impacts of the infodemic in a systematic and
methodologically robust manner, as well as harmonizing highly divergent approaches currently explored for this purpose. This
can serve as a foundation for a systematic, evidence-based approach to monitoring, identifying, and mitigating future infodemic
harms in emergency preparedness and prevention.
Objective: In this paper, we summarize the Fifth World Health Organization (WHO) Infodemic Management Conference
structure, proceedings, outcomes, and proposed actions seeking to identify the interdisciplinary approaches and frameworks
needed to enable the measurement of the burden of infodemics.
Methods: An iterative human-centered design (HCD) approach and concept mapping were used to facilitate focused discussions
and allow for the generation of actionable outcomes and recommendations. The discussions included 86 participants representing
diverse scientific disciplines and health authorities from 28 countries across all WHO regions, along with observers from civil
society and global public health–implementing partners. A thematic map capturing the concepts matching the key contributing
factors to the public health burden of infodemics was used throughout the conference to frame and contextualize discussions.
Five key areas for immediate action were identified.
Results: The 5 key areas for the development of metrics to assess the burden of infodemics and associated interventions included
(1) developing standardized definitions and ensuring the adoption thereof; (2) improving the map of concepts influencing the
burden of infodemics; (3) conducting a review of evidence, tools, and data sources; (4) setting up a technical working group; and
(5) addressing immediate priorities for postpandemic recovery and resilience building. The summary report consolidated group input toward a common vocabulary with standardized terms, concepts, study designs, measures, and tools to estimate the burden
of infodemics and the effectiveness of infodemic management interventions.
Conclusions: Standardizing measurement is the basis for documenting the burden of infodemics on health systems and population
health during emergencies. Investment is needed into the development of practical, affordable, evidence-based, and systematic
methods that are legally and ethically balanced for monitoring infodemics; generating diagnostics, infodemic insights, and
recommendations; and developing interventions, action-oriented guidance, policies, support options, mechanisms, and tools for
infodemic managers and emergency program managers.peer-reviewe
Multicarrier Recombination and Energy Transfer in Mn-Doped CdS Nanocrystals Studied by Femtosecond Pump–Probe Spectroscopy
The Origins of Photoluminescence Peaks in ZnO Nanocrystals Revealed by Microscopic Photoluminescence Imaging Spectroscopy
Functional imaging in differentiating bronchial masses: an initial experience with a combination of 18F-FDG PET-CT scan and 68Ga DOTA-TOC PET-CT scan
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