74 research outputs found

    Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

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    Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

    Impact of the Pressure-Free Yutori Education Program on Myopia in Japan

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    This study aimed to investigate the influence of educational pressure on myopia. A less-intense school curriculum was introduced nationally in Japan beginning in 2012 based on a pressure-free education policy. In this retrospective observational study, a total of 1025 Japanese medical students of Asahikawa Medical University underwent measurements of the cycloplegic refractive error and axial length (AL), from 2011 to 2020. The spherical equivalent (SE) and AL were correlated significantly with the fiscal year of births (p = 0.004 and p = 0.034, respectively) only during enforcement of the system of high-pressure education. The SE and AL regression rates during the two educational approaches differed significantly (p = 0.004 and p = 0.037, respectively). The prevalence of high myopia was correlated significantly (p &lt; 0.001) only during the system of high-pressure education. The regression of the prevalence rate of high myopia during the two education approaches differed significantly (p = 0.010). The progression rates of myopia and increased prevalence of high myopia were observed only during high-pressure education, suggesting that not only ophthalmologists but also educators and the government should work on together to control the progression of myopia

    SLOを用いたリーディング検査

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    出版社版走査レーザー検眼鏡(SLO)を用いた固視の評価とリーディング検査について解説した.中心固視を障害された患者の新しい固視は,点ではなく領域をもって動揺すること,複数の領域がある場合があること,必ずしもリーディングのために良好な場所にできるとは限らないこと,そして,条件によって容易にその位置を変化させることを述べた.さらに,固視領域で常にリーディングを行っているとは限らず,文章の方向によってリーディングに用いる領域が異なる症例もあることも述べ

    マイクロペリメトリー

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    雑誌掲載版マイクロペリメトリーを用いた研究から、黄斑疾患患者においては経過観察・治療前後において固視の位置が変わることがあるため、固視の位置・安定度評価や両眼検査が重要であることを解説し、偽中心固視の概念についても言及した。新しいマイクロペリメータでは定量的感度評価が可能となり、同一部位・同一条件下での測定のためのフォローアッププログラムにより、感度変化の比較が容易となった。更に任意の光刺激を眼底に投影することができるため、ロービジョンへの応用が期待される。しかし実際には眼底をトラッキングしながら検査を行い、最後に眼底写真と重ね合わせているため、重ね合わせの際に注意が必要である。また、他の視野検査装置と比べ光量が少ないなど、装置の特徴をよく理解した上で視機能評価を行うことが重要である。眼底所見、光干渉断層計所見、蛍光眼底造影所見と同一画面で視機能検査ができるall in oneの装置への期待を述べた

    【再考!近視メカニズム-実臨床のために-】 症候性の近視

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    雑誌掲載版全身の臨床的所見を伴う先天性の近視眼では、白内障や緑内障の合併や網膜剥離のリスクを有していることがあり、視機能発達・維持の観点から、あるいは視機能喪失予防の観点から、早期からの眼科的精査が重要である。さらに、全身的所見が明らかでなく特徴的な眼科的所見を認めた場合には、関連する他科とも連携して診察していく必要がある。ここでは、特に強度の近視を示すStickler症候群とMarfan症候群を中心に解説した
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