1,101 research outputs found
Energy Storage in a Hamiltonian System in Partial Contact with a Heat Bath
To understand the mechanism allowing for the long-term storage of excess
energy in proteins, we study a Hamiltonian system consisting of several coupled
pendula in partial contact with a heat bath. It is found that energy storage is
possible when the motion of each pendulum switches between oscillatory
(vibrational) and rotational (phase-slip) modes. The storage time increases
almost exponentially to the square root of the injected energy. The relevance
of our mechanism to protein motors is discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, to appear in J.Phys.Soc.Jp
Suppression of Carbon Dust Growth and Hydrogen Retension in Multi-species Low Temperature Plasmas with Nitrogen
Suppression of Carbon Dust Growth and Hydrogen Isotope Retension in the Low Temperature Reactive Plasmas with Nitrogen
Interaction between Metal Vapor and High Heat Flux Plasmas using High Current Stabilized Arc Plasmas
Changes in sperm plasma membrane lipid diffusibility after hyperactivation during in vitro capacitation in the mouse.
Spontaneous Oscillations of Collective Molecular Motors
We analyze a simple stochastic model to describe motor molecules which
cooperate in large groups and present a physical mechanism which can lead to
oscillatory motion if the motors are elastically coupled to their environment.
Beyond a critical fuel concentration, the non-moving state of the system
becomes unstable with respect to a mode with angular frequency omega. We
present a perturbative description of the system near the instability and
demonstrate that oscillation frequencies are determined by the typical
timescales of the motors.Comment: 11 pages, Revtex, 4 pages Figure
Self-organization and Mechanical Properties of Active Filament Bundles
A phenomenological description for active bundles of polar filaments is
presented. The activity of the bundle results from crosslinks, that induce
relative displacements between the aligned filaments. Our generic description
is based on momentum conservation within the bundle. By specifying the internal
forces, a simple minimal model for the bundle dynamics is obtained, capturing
generic dynamic behaviors. In particular, contracted states as well as solitary
and oscillatory waves appear through dynamic instabilities. The introduction of
filament adhesion leads to self-organized persistent filament transport.
Furthermore, calculating the tension, homogeneous bundles are shown to be able
to actively contract and to perform work against external forces. Our
description is motivated by dynamic phenomena in the cytoskeleton and could
apply to stress-fibers and self-organization phenomena during cell-locomotion.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure
The degeneration and destruction of femoral articular cartilage shows a greater degree of deterioration than that of the tibial and patellar articular cartilage in early stage knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study
SummaryObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine whether the degenerative and morphological changes of articular cartilage in early stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) occurred equally for both femoral- and tibial- or patellar- articular cartilage using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based analyses.DesignThis cross-sectional study was approved by the ethics committee of our university. Fifty patients with early stage painful knee OA were enrolled. The patients underwent 3.0 T MRI on the affected knee joint. Healthy volunteers who did not show MRI-based OA changes were also recruited as controls (n = 19). The degenerative changes of the articular cartilage were quantified by a T2 mapping analysis, and any structural changes were conducted using Whole Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) technique.ResultsAll patients showed MRI-detected OA morphological changes. The T2 values of femoral condyle (FC) (P < 0.0001) and groove (P = 0.0001) in patients with early stage knee OA were significantly increased in comparison to those in the control, while no significant differences in the T2 values of patellar and tibial plateau (TP) were observed between the patients and the control. The WORMS cartilage and osteophyte scores of the femoral articular cartilage were significantly higher than those in the patellar- (P = 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively) and tibial- (P = 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) articular cartilage in the patients with early stage knee OA.ConclusionsThe degradation and destruction of the femoral articular cartilage demonstrated a greater degree of deterioration than those of the tibial- and patellar- articular cartilage in patients with early stage knee OA
The factors associated with pain severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis vary according to the radiographic disease severity: a cross-sectional study
SummaryObjectivesKnee osteoarthritis (OA) pain is suggested to be associated with inflammation and detrimental mechanical loading across the joint. In this cross-sectional study, we simultaneously examined the inflammation and alignment of the lower limb and examined how the pain components varied depending on the disease progression.DesignOne-hundred sixty female medial type of early- [n = 74 in Kellgren–Lawrence (K/L) 2] to advanced-stage (n = 96 in K/L >2) knee OA subjects (70.5 years on average) were enrolled. Knee pain was evaluated using a pain visual analog scale (VAS) and the pain-related subcategory of the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM-pain). The serum interleukin (sIL)-6 level reflecting synovitis, and the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level were measured to evaluate the severity of inflammation. The anatomical axis angle (AAA) was measured as an alignment index. The β-coefficient was estimated after adjusting for age and the body mass index (BMI) using a multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsMultiple linear regression analyses showed that the sIL-6 levels, but not AAA, associated with the pain VAS [β = 10.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.14–17.40), P < 0.01] and JKOM-pain scores [β = 3.19 (95% CI: 1.93–4.44), P < 0.001] in the early stage. Conversely, AAA, but not the sIL-6 levels, was found to be associated with the pain VAS [β = −1.29 (95% CI: −2.51 to −0.08), P < 0.05] and JKOM-pain scores [β = −0.49 (95% CI: −0.82 to −0.16), P < 0.01] in the advanced stage.ConclusionsThe presence of a higher level of sIL-6 and the varus alignment of the joint is associated with pain in early- and advanced-stage knee OA patients, respectively
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