Yo el Supremo como metáfora da ditadura Stronista

Colóquio Yo el Supremo (1974-2014) – Augusto Roa Bastos – 03 e 04 de dezembro de 2014. Organizadores Alai Diniz e Fernanda PereiraO engajamento literário de Augusto Roa Bastos em Yo El Supremo como metáfora da ditadura stronista é uma dupla análise da obra cume do autor, onde as avaliações se direcionam e oscilam entre a Literatura e a História entre a ficção e a realidade. É um romance histórico enquadrado dentro das narrativas históricas contemporâneas por parodiar o personagem histórico Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, absolutista que liderou o processo de independência do Paraguai entre 1810 a 1840 em comparação ao ditador Alfredo Stroessner (regime de 1954 a 1989). Roa Bastos retrata em Yo El Supremo o compromisso com a realidade do povo paraguaio e manifesta através de suas intervenções a capacidade de modificar as estruturas da sociedade

A review on the electroencephalography markers of Stroop executive control processes

The present article on executive control addresses the issue of the locus of the Stroop effect by examining neurophysiological components marking conflict monitoring, interference suppression, and conflict resolution. Our goal was to provide an overview of a series of determining neurophysiological findings including neural source reconstruction data on distinct executive control processes and sub-processes involved in the Stroop task. Consistently, a fronto-central N2 component is found to reflect conflict monitoring processes, with its main neural generator being the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Then, for cognitive control tasks that involve a linguistic component like the Stroop task, the N2 is followed by a centro-posterior N400 and subsequently a late sustained potential (LSP). The N400 is mainly generated by the ACC and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and is thought to reflect interference suppression, whereas the LSP plausibly reflects conflict resolution processes. The present overview shows that ERP constitute a reliable methodological tool for tracing with precision the time course of different executive processes and sub-processes involved in experimental tasks involving a cognitive conflict. Future research should shed light on the fine-grained mechanisms of control respectively involved in linguistic and non-linguistic tasks

Prosody-assisted head-driven access to spoken German compounds

Auditory processing of German 2-noun compound words was investigated with 328 participants in 4 experiments by monitoring semantic priming effects of the left constituents of the compound words. The authors demonstrated that there is no primacy of the left constituents in accessing auditorily presented German compound words in the mental lexicon. A clear priming effect of left constituents occurred only for compound words with a transparent right constituent that is the head of compound words in Germanic languages. The data suggest that the access to German compounds in the auditory domain involves 2 temporally overlapping routes: direct and decompositional. The prosodic structure (i.e., the duration) of the first morphemes of compound words appears to be a determining factor for activation of the decompositional route

Neurodynamics of executive control processes in bilinguals: evidence from ERP and source reconstruction analyses

International audienceThe present study was designed to examine the impact of bilingualism on the neuronal activity in different executive control processes namely conflict monitoring, control implementation (i.e., interference suppression and conflict resolution) and overcoming of inhibition. Twenty-two highly proficient but non-balanced successive French–German bilingual adults and 22 monolingual adults performed a combined Stroop/Negative priming task while event-related potential (ERP) were recorded online. The data revealed that the ERP effects were reduced in bilinguals in comparison to monolinguals but only in the Stroop task and limited to the N400 and the sustained fronto-central negative-going potential time windows. This result suggests that bilingualism may impact the process of control implementation rather than the process of conflict monitoring (N200). Critically, our study revealed a differential time course of the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in conflict processing. While the ACC showed major activation in the early time windows (N200 and N400) but not in the latest time window (late sustained negative-going potential), the PFC became unilaterally active in the left hemisphere in the N400 and the late sustained negative-going potential time windows. Taken together, the present electroencephalography data lend support to a cascading neurophysiological model of executive control processes, in which ACC and PFC may play a determining role

Measuring Perceived Trust in XAI-Assisted Decision-Making by Eliciting a Mental Model

This empirical study proposes a novel methodology to measure users' perceived trust in an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) model. To do so, users' mental models are elicited using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs). First, we exploit an interpretable Machine Learning (ML) model to classify suspected COVID-19 patients into positive or negative cases. Then, Medical Experts' (MEs) conduct a diagnostic decision-making task based on their knowledge and then prediction and interpretations provided by the XAI model. In order to evaluate the impact of interpretations on perceived trust, explanation satisfaction attributes are rated by MEs through a survey. Then, they are considered as FCM's concepts to determine their influences on each other and, ultimately, on the perceived trust. Moreover, to consider MEs' mental subjectivity, fuzzy linguistic variables are used to determine the strength of influences. After reaching the steady state of FCMs, a quantified value is obtained to measure the perceived trust of each ME. The results show that the quantified values can determine whether MEs trust or distrust the XAI model. We analyze this behavior by comparing the quantified values with MEs' performance in completing diagnostic tasks.Comment: Accepted in IJCAI 2023 Workshop on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI

Primaveras del Pensamiento Paraguayo: Idearios Pacifistas e Integracionistas en el Sacerdote Ramón Talavera (1950 - 1960).

Disertación de Maestría de la Línea de Investigación: ‘Integración, Cultura y Sociedad’ del Programa de Pos Grado en Integración Contemporánea de América Latina (PPG-ICAL) del Instituto Latino-Americano de Economía, Sociedad y Política presentada para la obtención del título Máster en Integración Contemporánea de América Latina con la Orientación del Prof. Dr. Paulo Renato da SilvaLas principales perspectivas de análisis de las Relaciones Internacionales están centradas especialmente en el Estado como actor principal. Entretanto salimos del ámbito gubernamental para centrarnos en el individuo y por medio de éste, problematizar las relaciones entre países y pueblos. Así, a partir de una Historia de Vida es posible leer una sociedad, su cultura y las formas como se relacionan, influencian y operan presiones ante los propios Estados y alteran sus comportamientos. Por medio de la trayectoria de vida del sacerdote Ramón Talavera (1923 – 2010) problematizamos la sociedad frente al stronismo, el papel de la Iglesia Católica frente al Estado de excepción, como también las integraciones de movimientos sociales en Paraguay y en el exilio, así aportamos la relevancia y el protagonismo de los pueblos en las Relaciones Internacionales. Para eso, reconstruiremos la actuación político-social de Talavera siendo nuestro recorte temporal delineado por 2 ejes analíticos y simbólicos de su trayectoria: (1) Trayectoria político-social en Paraguay, con su compromiso libertario y los principales enfrentamientos contra la dictadura en los años 1950 a 1958; y (2) Trayectoria político-social en el exilio en los años 1958 a 1960, cuando estimuló la formación del Frente Unido de Liberación Nacional (Fulna) con vías pacifistas e integracionistas y se tornaría un vocero contra las injustas condiciones económicas, sociales y políticas de su paísAs principais perspectivas de análise das Relações Internacionais estão focadas no Estado como ator principal. Entretanto deixamos o ambito governamental para concertarnos no indivíduo e através deste problematizar as relações entre os países e povos. Assim, a partir de uma História de Vida é possível ler uma sociedade, sua cultura e as formas como se relacionam, influenciam e realizam pressões perante os próprios Estados e alteram seus comportamentos. Através da trajetória de vida do padre Ramon Talavera (1923 - 2010) problematizamos a sociedade contra o stronismo, o papel da Igreja Católica perante o Estado de exeção, bem como a integração dos movimentos sociais no Paraguai e no exílio, assim trazemos a relevância e o protagonismo dos povos nas Relações Internacionais. Para isso, reconstruiremos a atuação político-social de Talavera com um recorte temporal delineado por dois eixos analíticos e simbólicos de sua carreira: (1) Trajetória político-social no Paraguai, com seu compromisso libertário e grandes confrontos contra a ditadura nos anos 1950-1958; e (2) Trajetória político-social no exílio nos anos 1958-1960, quando incentivou a formação da Frente Unida de Libertação Nacional (Fulna) com vias pacifistas e integracionistas e se tornaría um porta-voz contra as injustas condições económicas, sociais e políticas de seu paí

Measuring Perceived Trust in XAI-Assisted Decision-Making by Eliciting a Mental Model

This empirical study proposes a novel methodology to measure users’ perceived trust in an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) model. To do so, users’ mental models are elicited using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs). First, we exploit an interpretable Machine Learning (ML) model to classify suspected COVID-19 patients into positive or negative cases. Then, Medical Experts (MEs) conduct a diagnostic decision-making task based on their knowledge and the predictions and interpretations provided by the XAI model. In order to evaluate the impact of interpretations on perceived trust, explanation satisfaction attributes are rated by MEs through a survey. Then, they are considered as FCM’s concepts to determine their influences on each other and, ultimately, on the perceived trust. Moreover, to consider MEs’ mental subjectivity, fuzzy linguistic variables are used to determine the strength of influences. After reaching the steady state of FCMs, a quantified value is obtained to measure the perceived trust of each ME. The results show that the quantified values can determine whether MEs trust or distrust the XAI model. We analyze this behavior by comparing the quantified values with MEs’ performance in completing diagnostic tasks

Measuring Perceived Trust in XAI-Assisted Decision-Making by Eliciting a Mental Model

This empirical study proposes a novel methodology to measure users' perceived trust in an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) model. To do so, users' mental models are elicited using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs). First, we exploit an interpretable Machine Learning (ML) model to classify suspected COVID-19 patients into positive or negative cases. Then, Medical Experts' (MEs) conduct a diagnostic decision-making task based on their knowledge and then prediction and interpretations provided by the XAI model. In order to evaluate the impact of interpretations on perceived trust, explanation satisfaction attributes are rated by MEs through a survey. Then, they are considered as FCM's concepts to determine their influences on each other and, ultimately, on the perceived trust. Moreover, to consider MEs' mental subjectivity, fuzzy linguistic variables are used to determine the strength of influences. After reaching the steady state of FCMs, a quantified value is obtained to measure the perceived trust of each ME. The results show that the quantified values can determine whether MEs trust or distrust the XAI model. We analyze this behavior by comparing the quantified values with MEs' performance in completing diagnostic tasks

BASES SOCIO JURÍDICAS DEL USO DE LAS NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS EN LA PUBLICIDAD COMERCIAL

La actividad publicitaria comercial resulta en la actualidad un tema de atención constante para los estudios multidisciplinarios, máxime cuando se trata de aquella realizada mediante el uso de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC).  Se está en presencia de medios o formatos novedosos para la propia actividad, que le aportan características sui géneris, especialmente en cuanto a diversidad y celeridad, lo cual genera una mayor dificultad a los efectos de su regulación. Al momento de conceptualizar la publicidad es posible que se defina en un sentido amplio como la acción de hacer público algo. Mientras que en un sentido estricto se entiende por publicidad la comunicación que se realiza a través de una serie de medios de difusión para promover la contratación de bienes, productos o servicios. Si bien en el mundo este tema suele ser regulado mediante legislación especial o dentro de la normativa sobre competencia desleal y derechos del consumidor; en Cuba se observa una dispersión normativa. Se considera que con el uso cada vez mayor de las TIC con fines publicitarios urge pensar en su protección legal. Para desarrollar la investigación se utilizan métodos teóricos-jurídicos y técnicas que permiten validar los resultados de los mismos. Es con este fin quese desarrolla la presente investigación, como punto de partida para determinar presupuestos para su definición y regulación