Yo el Supremo como metáfora da ditadura Stronista

Colóquio Yo el Supremo (1974-2014) – Augusto Roa Bastos – 03 e 04 de dezembro de 2014. Organizadores Alai Diniz e Fernanda PereiraO engajamento literário de Augusto Roa Bastos em Yo El Supremo como metáfora da ditadura stronista é uma dupla análise da obra cume do autor, onde as avaliações se direcionam e oscilam entre a Literatura e a História entre a ficção e a realidade. É um romance histórico enquadrado dentro das narrativas históricas contemporâneas por parodiar o personagem histórico Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, absolutista que liderou o processo de independência do Paraguai entre 1810 a 1840 em comparação ao ditador Alfredo Stroessner (regime de 1954 a 1989). Roa Bastos retrata em Yo El Supremo o compromisso com a realidade do povo paraguaio e manifesta através de suas intervenções a capacidade de modificar as estruturas da sociedade

Neurodynamics of executive control processes in bilinguals: evidence from ERP and source reconstruction analyses

International audienceThe present study was designed to examine the impact of bilingualism on the neuronal activity in different executive control processes namely conflict monitoring, control implementation (i.e., interference suppression and conflict resolution) and overcoming of inhibition. Twenty-two highly proficient but non-balanced successive French–German bilingual adults and 22 monolingual adults performed a combined Stroop/Negative priming task while event-related potential (ERP) were recorded online. The data revealed that the ERP effects were reduced in bilinguals in comparison to monolinguals but only in the Stroop task and limited to the N400 and the sustained fronto-central negative-going potential time windows. This result suggests that bilingualism may impact the process of control implementation rather than the process of conflict monitoring (N200). Critically, our study revealed a differential time course of the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in conflict processing. While the ACC showed major activation in the early time windows (N200 and N400) but not in the latest time window (late sustained negative-going potential), the PFC became unilaterally active in the left hemisphere in the N400 and the late sustained negative-going potential time windows. Taken together, the present electroencephalography data lend support to a cascading neurophysiological model of executive control processes, in which ACC and PFC may play a determining role

HIV type 1 that select tRNA(His) or tRNA(Lys1,2) as primers for reverse transcription exhibit different infectivities in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

The replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of unique HIV-1 that select tRNA(His) or tRNA(Lys1,2) for reverse transcription was compared to the wild-type virus that uses tRNA(Lys,3). HIV-1 with only the primer-binding site (PBS) changed to be complementary to these alternative tRNAs initially replicated more slowly than the wild-type virus in PBMC, although all viruses eventually reached equivalent growth as measured by p24 antigen. Viruses with only a PBS complementary to the 3' terminal 18 nucleotides of tRNA(His) or tRNA(Lys1,2) reverted to use tRNA(Lys3). HIV-1 with mutations in the U5-PBS to allow selection of tRNA(His) and tRNA(Lys1,2) following long-term growth in SupT1 cells were also evaluated for growth and PBS stability following replication in PBMC. Although both viruses initially grew slower than wild type, they maintained a PBS complementary to the starting tRNA and did not revert to the wild-type PBS after long-term culture in PBMC. Analysis of the U5-PBS regions following long-term culture in PBMC also revealed few changes from the starting sequences. The virus that stably used tRNA(His) was less infectious than the wild type. In contrast, the virus that stably used tRNA(Lys1,2) evolved to be as infectious as wild-type virus following extended culture in PBMC. The results of these studies highlight the impact of the host cell on the tRNA primer selection process and subsequent infectivity of HIV-1

Análisis de los indicadores de gestión financiera de los operadores América Móvil y Telefónica para la región Americana

Proyecto de graduación (Licenciatura en Administración de Empresas. Enfasis en Finanzas) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Administración de Empresas, 2014En el presente proyecto de investigación se analizaron los indicadores financieros utilizados por las operadoras de telefonía móvil Telefónica y América Móvil en el continente americano. El estudio utilizó como base los resúmenes e informes financieros trimestrales elaborados por ambas compañías; los datos se analizaron mediante el método de dispersión y regresión líneal estadístico con el fin de determinar la relación entre las variables. Se determinó que las compañías comparten indicadores de gestión financieras propias del sector de telecomunicaciones móviles, tales como el ARPU, el Churn, el EBITDA, el porcentaje de EBIDTA, la cantidad de suscriptores y la utilidad neta. Se recomienda la implementación de indicadores para medir el gasto y ganancia neta por cliente, pues ambos indicadores aportarían información valiosa para la toma de decisiones

An in vitro network of intermolecular interactions between viral RNA segments of an avian H5N2 influenza A virus: comparison with a human H3N2 virus.

International audienceThe genome of influenza A viruses (IAV) is split into eight viral RNAs (vRNAs) that are encapsidated as viral ribonucleoproteins. The existence of a segment-specific packaging mechanism is well established, but the molecular basis of this mechanism remains to be deciphered. Selective packaging could be mediated by direct interaction between the vRNA packaging regions, but such interactions have never been demonstrated in virions. Recently, we showed that the eight vRNAs of a human H3N2 IAV form a single interaction network in vitro that involves regions of the vRNAs known to contain packaging signals in the case of H1N1 IAV strains. Here, we show that the eight vRNAs of an avian H5N2 IAV also form a single network of interactions in vitro, but, interestingly, the interactions and the regions of the vRNAs they involve differ from those described for the human H3N2 virus. We identified the vRNA sequences involved in five of these interactions at the nucleotide level, and in two cases, we validated the existence of the interaction using compensatory mutations in the interacting sequences. Electron tomography also revealed significant differences in the interactions taking place between viral ribonucleoproteins in H5N2 and H3N2 virions, despite their canonical '7 + 1' arrangement

The time course of lexical access in morphologically complex words

Compounding, the concatenation of words (e.g. dishwasher), is an important mechanism across many languages. This study investigated whether access of initial compound constituents occurs immediately or, alternatively, whether it is delayed until the last constituent (i.e. the head). Electroencephalogram was measured as participants listened to German two-constituent compounds. Both the initial as well as the following head constituent could consist of either a word or nonword, resulting in four experimental conditions. Results showed a larger N400 for initial nonword constituents, suggesting that lexical access was attempted before the head. Thus, this study provides direct evidence that lexical access of transparent compound constituents in German occurs immediately, and is not delayed until the compound head is encountered

Sparseness-Optimized Feature Importance

In this paper, we propose a model-agnostic post-hoc explanation procedure devoted to computing feature attribution. The proposed method, termed Sparseness-Optimized Feature Importance (SOFI), entails solving an optimization problem related to the sparseness of feature importance explanations. The intuition behind this property is that the model’s performance is severely affected after marginalizing the most important features while remaining largely unaffected after marginalizing the least important ones. Existing post-hoc feature attribution methods do not optimize this property directly but rather implement proxies to obtain this behavior. Numerical simulations using both structured (tabular) and unstructured (image) classification datasets show the superiority of our proposal compared with state-of-the-art feature attribution explanation methods. The implementation of the method is available on https://github.com/igraugar/sofi

Sparseness-Optimized Feature Importance

In this paper, we propose a model-agnostic post-hoc explanation procedure devoted to computing feature attribution. The proposed method, termed Sparseness-Optimized Feature Importance (SOFI), entails solving an optimization problem related to the sparseness of feature importance explanations. The intuition behind this property is that the model’s performance is severely affected after marginalizing the most important features while remaining largely unaffected after marginalizing the least important ones. Existing post-hoc feature attribution methods do not optimize this property directly but rather implement proxies to obtain this behavior. Numerical simulations using both structured (tabular) and unstructured (image) classification datasets show the superiority of our proposal compared with state-of-the-art feature attribution explanation methods. The implementation of the method is available on https://github.com/igraugar/sofi