Prevalence and Causes of Eye Diseases amongst Students in South-Western Nigeria

Background/Purpose: To assess the prevalence and identify the causes of eye diseases among students in Ilesa east local government area, in south-western Nigeria, so that prevention strategies could be mapped out. Methods: A cross-sectional survey that utilised a multi-stage random sampling method to select 1144 primary and secondary students comprising 504 males and 640 females. Their ages ranged from 4 to 24 years. Majority (97.8%) were below 18 years of age. Results: A total of 177 (15.5%) of the school children were found to have eye diseases. These included conjunctival diseases (8%) constituted mainly by allergic/vernal conjunctivitis (7.4%), refractive error (5.8%), lid disorders (0.6%), squint (0.3%), corneal scarring (0.3%) and cataract (0.2%). Conclusion: Eye diseases are common amongst school children. Health education will go a long way in the prevention of ocular diseases amongst school children. Wearing of corrective glasses should be emphasised for children with refractive error. Eye examination for all new intakes into both public and private primary and secondary schools is advocated. This will allow for early detection and prompt treatment of eye diseases in the young, which will go a long way in reducing ocular morbidity and unnecessary blindness.Introduction/Objectif : Evaluer la fr\ue9quence et identifier les causes des maladies de l'oeil parmi des \ue9tudiants dans la zone gouvernmentale locale, l'Est d'Ilesa, dans le sud-ouest du Nig\ue9ria, pour pouvoir \ue9laborer des strat\ue9gies de pr\ue9vention. M\ue9thode : Une \ue9tude d'un groupe repr\ue9sentatif de la population \ue0 travers l'utilisation d'une m\ue9thode d'\ue9chantillonage au hasard afin de choisir 1144 \ue9l\ue8ves primaires et \ue9tudiants des \ue9coles secondaires y compris 504 du sexe masculin et 640 du sexe f\ue9minin. Leur tranche d'\ue2ge de 4 au 24 ans. Majorit\ue9 97,8% \ue9taient moins de 18 ans. R\ue9sultats : Un total de 177 soit 15,5% des \ue9l\ue8ves sont not\ue9s d'avoir des maladies des yeux. A savoir ; maladies conjunctivites, 7,4%, erreur de r\ue9fraction 5,8%, troubles paupi\ue8re 0,6%, yeux louches 0,3% scarring de la corn\ue9e 0,3% et la cataracte 0.2%. Conclusion: Maladies des yeux sont ordinaires parmi des \ue9l\ue8ves, enseignement m\ue9dical va aider la pr\ue9vention des maladies oculaire parmi des \ue9l\ue8ves. On doit mettre l'accent sur le fait de porter des lunettes corrective pour des enfants avec des erreurs de r\ue9fraction. L'examen des yeux pour tous les \ue9l\ue8ves qui commencent des \ue9tudes dans des \ue9coles publiques primaire et secondaire est conseill\ue9. Ceci va permettre une d\ue9tection pr\ue9coce et traitement urgent des cas des maladies des yeux chez des jeunes, ce qui va reduire la morbidit\ue9 oculaire et une c\ue9cit\ue9 \ue9vitable

SCREENING OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF TWELVE MEDICINAL PLANTS AND “WONDER-CURE” CONCOCTION USED IN NIGERIA UNORTHODOX MEDICINE FOR ACTIVITY AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATED FROM TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS SPUTUM

The antimicrobial activity of extracts of twelve Nigerian medicinal plant species and a “wonder cure” concoction [Epa –Ijebu]; used in traditional medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis and cough were screened for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis patient sputum and the control strains of M. tuberculosis (H37RV). Both ethanolic and aqueous solution of the extract of Allium ascalonicum, Terminalia glaucescens, Allium cepa and Securidaca longepedunculata (ethanolic extract only) at 0.05g/ml as well as aqueous solution of “wonder cure” concoction at same concentration inhibited the growth of M. tuberculosis. However at lower concentration of 0.2 µg/ml (critical proportion level of the control drug (isoniazide), M. tuberculosis was resistant to both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plants as well as the aqueous solution of the wonder-cure concoction. The phytochemical analysis of the plant extract and the Epa-Ijebu showed the presence of bioactive compounds: tannin, flavonoid, alkaloids, phlobatannin, anthocyanin, reducing sugar, saponin and anthraquinone. Our results offer a scientific basis for the traditional use of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Allium ascalonicum, Terminalia glaucescens, Allium cepa, Securidaca longepeducunlata (ethanolic extract only) and aqueous solution of the “wonder cure” concoction at higher concentration against M. tuberculosis. However local herbs such as Nicotiana tabacum, Allium sativum, Aframomum melegueta, Aprus precatorius, Xylopia aethiopica, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Crinium jagus, and Garcinia kola were ineffective

Identification of women at low risk for early severe postpartum anaemia

Full Length Research Article This study was carried out to identify risk factors for early severe postpartum anaemia (ESPA) and also subgroup of patients at low risk for whom interventions such as routine haemoglobin concentration (Hb) estimation may not be necessary. All women with pre-delivery Hb ≥10 g/dl who underwent vaginal delivery at 28 weeks or greater; from January 2007 through December 2012 at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria, were included. Cases were women with ESPA, defined as Hb <8 g/dl within 1-3 days postpartum; and control group with Hb ≥ 8 g/dl. With univariate analysis, risk factors associated with ESPA were identified and the effects of confounding factors were eliminated on multivariate analysis. Independent risk factors from the analysis were then used to eliminate high risk groups. Estimated blood loss (EBL) >500 ml was the most significant risk factor [odds ratio (OR) 5.10, 95% CI 3.54, 7.35] for ESPA. Abruptio placenta, instrumental vaginal delivery, preeclampsia, perineal and cervical lacerations and active phase arrest were also found to be significant, with associated OR greater than 2.0. If Hb is obtained only in response to EBL >500 ml, only 2.5% of the remaining population will have ESPA. If all risk factors found to be significant are eliminated, only 0.8% of the population will have ESPA. Interventions such as delaying discharge because haemoglobin estimation is being awaited; will be unnecessary in 99.2% of low risk cases (that is, women without the above risk factors); and in 97.5% of women who did not suffer postpartum haemorrhage

Antepartum Myomectomy With A Live Term Delivery- A Case Report

We report a case of successful myomectomy in pregnancy. The patient, a 27 year old nulliparous, presented with 2 year history of progressive abdominal swelling and 13 weeks of amenorrhoea. Abdomino-pelvic ultrasonography revealed a viable intrauterine pregnancy at 18 weeks and 3 days; there was also a huge mass with cystic component, extending from the pelvis to the whole of the abdomen, with associated dilatation of the renal calyces bilaterally; sonographic diagnosis of ovarian mass in pregnancy was made. At exploratory laparotomy, a huge subserous leiomyoma coexisting with pregnancy was found; myomectomy was done. The rest of the pregnancy was uneventful, and the patient had spontaneous vertex delivery of a live infant at term. Keywords: Uterine leiomyoma, Pregnancy, Myomectomy, Term deliveryNigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Vol. 10 (4) 2007 pp. 346-34

Prevalence and Causes of Eye Diseases amongst Students in South-Western Nigeria

Background/Purpose: To assess the prevalence and identify the causes of eye diseases among students in Ilesa east local government area, in south-western Nigeria, so that prevention strategies could be mapped out. Methods: A cross-sectional survey that utilised a multi-stage random sampling method to select 1144 primary and secondary students comprising 504 males and 640 females. Their ages ranged from 4 to 24 years. Majority (97.8%) were below 18 years of age. Results: A total of 177 (15.5%) of the school children were found to have eye diseases. These included conjunctival diseases (8%) constituted mainly by allergic/vernal conjunctivitis (7.4%), refractive error (5.8%), lid disorders (0.6%), squint (0.3%), corneal scarring (0.3%) and cataract (0.2%). Conclusion: Eye diseases are common amongst school children. Health education will go a long way in the prevention of ocular diseases amongst school children. Wearing of corrective glasses should be emphasised for children with refractive error. Eye examination for all new intakes into both public and private primary and secondary schools is advocated. This will allow for early detection and prompt treatment of eye diseases in the young, which will go a long way in reducing ocular morbidity and unnecessary blindness.Introduction/Objectif : Evaluer la fréquence et identifier les causes des maladies de l'oeil parmi des étudiants dans la zone gouvernmentale locale, l'Est d'Ilesa, dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria, pour pouvoir élaborer des stratégies de prévention. Méthode : Une étude d'un groupe représentatif de la population à travers l'utilisation d'une méthode d'échantillonage au hasard afin de choisir 1144 élèves primaires et étudiants des écoles secondaires y compris 504 du sexe masculin et 640 du sexe féminin. Leur tranche d'âge de 4 au 24 ans. Majorité 97,8% étaient moins de 18 ans. Résultats : Un total de 177 soit 15,5% des élèves sont notés d'avoir des maladies des yeux. A savoir ; maladies conjunctivites, 7,4%, erreur de réfraction 5,8%, troubles paupière 0,6%, yeux louches 0,3% scarring de la cornée 0,3% et la cataracte 0.2%. Conclusion: Maladies des yeux sont ordinaires parmi des élèves, enseignement médical va aider la prévention des maladies oculaire parmi des élèves. On doit mettre l'accent sur le fait de porter des lunettes corrective pour des enfants avec des erreurs de réfraction. L'examen des yeux pour tous les élèves qui commencent des études dans des écoles publiques primaire et secondaire est conseillé. Ceci va permettre une détection précoce et traitement urgent des cas des maladies des yeux chez des jeunes, ce qui va reduire la morbidité oculaire et une cécité évitable