Efforts vers la synthèse totale de la cylindrocarine par cycloaddition intramoléculaire impliquant des aminocarbènes de chrome

Des travaux précédents ont explorés la réactivité des aminocarbènes de chrome. Dans cet ouvrage, il sera question d’appliquer cette réactivité à la synthèse de la cylindrocarine qui est de la famille des alcaloïdes indoliques, les aspidosperma. Le premier chapitre traitera de la réaction entre un aminocarbène de chrome et un diène dans le but de former une diénamine. Il sera question de la réactivité entre les aminocarbènes de chrome et les diènes sur un substrat portant un groupement indole. Aussi, il y est expliqué pourquoi le manque de réactivité entre les diénamines et les indoles nous a poussés à se tourner vers une nouvelle approche de synthèse. Le deuxième chapitre présente des métathèses entre des aminocarbènes de chrome et des fonctions alcynes dans le but de former des aminocarbènes de chrome vinylogues. Il sera question de la stabilité des aminocarbènes de chrome vinylogues et de la possibilité de les piéger de manière intra- et intermoléculaire. Aussi, la portée de cette réaction sera déterminée en étudiant l’influence de différents groupements fonctionnels sur l’alcyne. Dans le troisième chapitre, il sera question de la réaction entre un aminocarbène de chrome de type lactame et de sa réactivité vis-à-vis une double liaison intramoléculaire pour permettre la formation d’un composé bicyclique. La portée de cette réaction sera étudiée en ajoutant des groupements fonctionnels à différents endroits sur la molécule

Host Protein Biomarkers Identify Active Tuberculosis in HIV Uninfected and Co-infected Individuals

AbstractBiomarkers for active tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed to improve rapid TB diagnosis. The objective of this study was to identify serum protein expression changes associated with TB but not latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), uninfected states, or respiratory diseases other than TB (ORD). Serum samples from 209 HIV uninfected (HIV−) and co-infected (HIV+) individuals were studied. In the discovery phase samples were analyzed via liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, and in the verification phase biologically independent samples were analyzed via a multiplex multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) assay. Compared to LTBI and ORD, host proteins were significantly differentially expressed in TB, and involved in the immune response, tissue repair, and lipid metabolism. Biomarker panels whose composition differed according to HIV status, and consisted of 8 host proteins in HIV− individuals (CD14, SEPP1, SELL, TNXB, LUM, PEPD, QSOX1, COMP, APOC1), or 10 host proteins in HIV+ individuals (CD14, SEPP1, PGLYRP2, PFN1, VASN, CPN2, TAGLN2, IGFBP6), respectively, distinguished TB from ORD with excellent accuracy (AUC=0.96 for HIV− TB, 0.95 for HIV+ TB). These results warrant validation in larger studies but provide promise that host protein biomarkers could be the basis for a rapid, blood-based test for TB

Improved Isolation Procedures for Okadaic Acid Group Toxins from Shellfish (Mytilus edulis) and Microalgae (Prorocentrum lima)

Okadaic acid (OA) group toxins may accumulate in shellfish and can result in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning when consumed by humans, and are therefore regulated. Purified toxins are required for the production of certified reference materials used to accurately quantitate toxin levels in shellfish and water samples, and for other research purposes. An improved procedure was developed for the isolation of dinophysistoxin 2 (DTX2) from shellfish (M. edulis), reducing the number of purification steps from eight to five, thereby increasing recoveries to ~68%, compared to ~40% in a previously reported method, and a purity of >95%. Cell densities and toxin production were monitored in cultures of Prorocentrum lima, that produced OA, DTX1, and their esters, over ~1.5 years with maximum cell densities of ~70,000 cells mL−1 observed. Toxin accumulation progressively increased over the study period, to ~0.7 and 2.1 mg L−1 of OA and DTX1 (including their esters), respectively, providing information on appropriate harvesting times. A procedure for the purification of OA and DTX1 from the harvested biomass was developed employing four purification steps, with recoveries of ~76% and purities of >95% being achieved. Purities were confirmed by LC-HRMS, LC-UV, and NMR spectroscopy. Additional stability observations led to a better understanding of the chemistry of these toxins

<i>N</i>‑Heterocycles from Chromium Aminocarbenes

The initial [2 + 2]-cycloadduct between a chromium aminocarbene and a tethered alkene undergoes a β-hydrogen elimination very efficiently when triphenylphosphine is added as a ligand. The reaction gives cyclic enamines or homoenamines depending on the substitution on the alkene

Identification of Host Proteins Predictive of Early Stage Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

The objective of this study was to identify blood-based protein biomarkers of early stage Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. We utilized plasma and serum specimens from TB patients and their contacts (age ≥ 12) enrolled in a household contact study in Uganda. In the discovery phase cross-sectional samples from 104 HIV-uninfected persons classified as either active TB, latent Mtb infection (LTBI), tuberculin skin test (TST) converters, or persistent TST-negative were analyzed. Two hundred eighty-nine statistically significant (false discovery rate corrected p  0.85. Panel performance was confirmed with an independent validation set of longitudinal samples from 16 subjects. These candidate protein biomarkers may allow for the identification of recently Mtb infected individuals at highest risk for developing active TB and most likely to benefit from preventive therapy