5 research outputs found

    Estimating the size distribution of plastics ingested by animals

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    The ingestion of plastics appears to be widespread throughout the animal kingdom with risks to individuals, ecosystems and human health. Despite growing information on the location, abundance and size distribution of plastics in the environment, it cannot be assumed that any given animal will ingest all sizes of plastic encountered. Here, we use published data to develop an allometric relationship between plastic consumption and animal size to estimate the size distribution of plastics feasibly ingested by animals. Based on more than 2000 gut content analyses from animals ranging over three orders of magnitude in size (lengths 9 mm to 10 m), body length alone accounts for 42% of the variance in the length of plastic an animal may ingest and indicates a size ratio of roughly 20:1 between animal body length and the largest plastic the animal may ingest. We expect this work to improve global assessments of plastic pollution risk by introducing a quantifiable link between animals and the plastics they can ingest

    French Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire Compared with an Accelerometer Cut Point to Classify Physical Activity among Pregnant Obese Women

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    Given the high risk for inactivity during pregnancy in obese women, validated questionnaires for physical activity (PA) assessment in this specific population is required before evaluating the effect of PA on perinatal outcomes. No questionnaire was validated in pregnant obese women. The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) has been designed based on activities reported during pregnancy and validated in pregnant women. We translated the PPAQ to French and assessed reliability and accuracy of this French version among pregnant obese women. In this cross-sectional study, pregnant obese women were evenly recruited at the end of each trimester of pregnancy. They completed the PPAQ twice, with an interval of 7 days in-between, to recall PA of the last three months. Between PPAQ assessments, participants wore an accelerometer (Actigraph GT1M) during 7 consecutive days. Fourty-nine (49) pregnant obese women (29.8±4.2 yrs, 34.7±5.1 kg.m−2) participated to the study. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the two PPAQ assessments were 0.90 for total activity, 0.86 for light and for moderate intensity, and 0.81 for vigorous intensity activities. It ranged from 0.59 for “Transportation” to 0.89 for “Household and Caregiving” activities. Spearman correlation coefficients (SCCs) between the PPAQ and the Matthews’ cut point used to classify an activity of moderate and above intensity were 0.50 for total activity, 0.25 for vigorous intensity and 0.40 for moderate intensity. The correlations between the PPAQ and the accelerometer counts were 0.58 for total activity, 0.39 for vigorous intensity and 0.49 for moderate intensity. The highest SCCs were for “Occupation” and “Household and Caregiving” activities. Comparisons with other standard cutpoints were presented in files S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7. The PPAQ is reliable and moderately accurate for the measure of PA of various intensities and types among pregnant obese women

    Des accrocs sur la page

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    Les travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s dans ce numĂ©ro sont issus d'une journĂ©e d'Ă©tude intitulĂ©e « Des accrocs sur la page : lire/voir la dĂ©chirure dans la bande dessinĂ©e de langue anglaise », organisĂ©e par le Centre de Recherche Texte et Image de Sorbonne UniversitĂ© (axe de l'UnitĂ© de Recherche VALE). Cette rencontre, co-prĂ©sentĂ©e par Françoise Sammarcelli et CĂŽme Martin, se voulait une exploration des formes esthĂ©tiques et rhĂ©toriques de la fracture et de la dissonance au sein d’un mĂ©dium qui tient sa dĂ©finition de la sĂ©quentialitĂ©. Il s’agissait d’analyser la dĂ©chirure sur les plans thĂ©matiques et formels, c’est-Ă -dire de s’interroger sur la façon dont la dĂ©chirure se donnait Ă  lire/voir, de se demander si elle Ă©tait nĂ©cessairement liĂ©e Ă  l’indicible ou l’irreprĂ©sentable, et de s’attacher aux procĂ©dĂ©s qui soulignent la fragmentation de la page ou de la case, y crĂ©ant des effets de suspense ou de dĂ©sordre, enfin de rĂ©flĂ©chir Ă  leur effet sur le lecteur/spectateur. En dĂ©pit des conventions de sĂ©quentialitĂ© propres Ă  la bande dessinĂ©e, on observe la rĂ©currence paradoxale des formes de fracture et d’interruption, de dĂ©composition, non seulement dans les productions contemporaines mais aussi dans des Ɠuvres plus anciennes. Comment la bande dessinĂ©e nĂ©gocie-t-elle la place laissĂ©e Ă  l’affect et Ă  la dĂ©chirure intime ? Comment se fait-elle l’écho des traumatismes du monde contemporain ? À l’échelle du phĂ©nomĂšne, au niveau du dĂ©tail de ce qui se joue dans l’espace de la case, de la page, ou de la sĂ©quence, quelle est la relation qui se noue entre texte et image ? Si les effets de dĂ©chirure, mĂ©taleptiques ou non, sont souvent associĂ©s Ă  divers niveaux de rĂ©flexivitĂ© graphique et textuelle, ils nous invitent Ă  faire retour sur nos pratiques critiques et thĂ©oriques de lecture
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