Oral lichenoid lesions related to contact with dental materials: A literature review

Oral lichenoid lesions related to contact are defined as oral-cavity eruptions with an identifiable etiology, and are clinically and histologically similar to oral lichen planus. Within this group are found oral lichenoid lesions related to contact with dental materials (OLLC), the most common being those related to silver amalgam. Currently, it remains difficult to diagnose these lesions due to the clinical and histopathological similarity with oral lichen planus and other oral mucosa lesions of lichenoid characteristics. In the present paper, we carry out an updated review of the tests for, and the different characteristics of OLLC, which may aid the diagnosis. For this review, we made searches in the Pubmed® and Cochrane® databases. Among the literature we found several published papers, from which we have used review papers, case papers, cohort studies, case and control studies, and a meta-analysis study. After carrying out this review, we can conclude that the diagnosis of these lesions is still difficult and controversial. However, there are different aspects in the clinical presentation, pathological study and results obtained when replacing suspect materials, which, when taken together, may be useful when establishing the final diagnosis of OLLC

Chemiluminescence as a screening method in oral cancer

El cáncer oral es un problema de salud con el que nos enfrentamos todos los días en nuestras consultas. Los dentistas formamos la primera línea de defensa ante una patología que no ha presentado una mejora de los índices de mortalidad y morbilidad en las últimas décadas. La principal arma con la que contamos es la del diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad, y esto es mucho más complicado de lo que parece. Para ayudar a los dentistas en la visualización de lesiones de precáncer o cáncer temprano han aparecido algunas técnicas o dispositivos de screening de cáncer oral basadas en la interacción de los tejidos orales con la luz. La técnica más extendida y estudiada es la basada en la quimioluminiscencia, intentaremos poner en claro algunos aspectos analizando los estudios que hay en la literatura actual.Oral cancer is a health problem with which we face every day in our consultations. Dentists form the first line of defense against a disease that has not produced an improvement in mortality and morbidity in recent decades. The main weapon with which we have is the early diagnosis of the disease, and this is much more complicated than it seems. To assist dentists in the visualization of pre-cancer lesions or early cancer have appeared some techniques and devices for oral cancer screening based on interaction of the oral tissues with light. The most widely used and studied technique is based on the chemiluminescence. Above it has been much talk and try to clarify some aspects of the studies that are analyzing the current literature

Lesiones liquenoides orales asociadas a metales presentes en una prótesis parcial removible tipo esquelético: a propósito de un caso

Las reacciones alérgicas de contacto intraoral se atribuyen con frecuencia a materiales de uso odontológico. Aunque se consideran poco frecuentes, existen muchas publicaciones de reacciones a materiales de restauración, sobre todo a la amalgama. En cambio, resulta muy difícil encontrar referencias en la literatura de este tipo de reacciones a metales presentes en aleaciones metálicas de prótesis dentales. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 60 años que presenta lesiones de tipo liquenoide en paladar duro y en reborde alveolar, todas las lesiones se hallaban bajo la base de la prótesis. Se realiza una biopsia incisional y el estudio histopatológico mostró cambios compatibles con liquen plano oral. Las pruebas epicutáneas mostraron una sensibilización a cloruro de cobalto, amonio hexacloroplatinato y cloruro de aluminio. Como medidas terapéuticas se recomendó retirar la prótesis y recambiar las obturaciones de amalgama, consiguiendo una mejoría considerable en las lesiones y la sintomatología que presentaba la paciente.Intraoral contact allergy reactions often attributed to dental materials. Although appear to be less frequent, there are many published papers of reactions to dental restorative materials, mercury amalgam being the most common. However, it is very difficult to find references in the literature about these reactions to metals presents in metal alloys of dental prosthesis. We report a clinical case of a 60 year-old woman with oral lichenoid lesions located in hard palate and alveolar ridge, all lesions were located under the base of the prosthesis. Incisional biopsy was made and the histopathological study revealed changes compatible with oral lichen planus. The epicutaneous test showed a sensitivity to chloride of cobalt, ammonium hexacloroplatinato and chloride of aluminium. Treatment consisted of the removal the prosthesis and amalgam fillings, obtaining a considerable improvement in lesions and symptoms of patient

La leucoplasia oral. Su implicación como lesión precancerosa

La leucoplasia es definida actualmente en base a un concepto esencialmente clínico. En este sentido, se propone un diagnóstico provisional de leucoplasia basado en criterios clínicos y un diagnóstico definitivo para el que se requiere la eliminación de los factores etiológicos y, ante lesiones persistentes, el examen histopatológico. La consideración de la leucoplasia como lesión precancerosa proviene esencialmente de los estudios de seguimiento en los que se constata su transformación maligna. Pese a que el diagnóstico de displasia es esencialmente subjetivo y a la existencia de algún trabajo reciente que no encuentra relación entre ésta y la evolución posterior de las leucoplasias, la presencia de displasia epitelial en el examen histológico se considera actualmente como el indicador más importante de una mayor probabilidad de transformación maligna de la leucoplasia. Entre otros factores relacionados con un peor pronóstico se consideran el que se trate de una leucoplasia idiopática, las formas clínicas no homogéneas, la localización en cara ventrolateral de la lengua y suelo de boca y un tamaño mayor de 1 centímetro.The current definition of leukoplakia is based on an essentially clinical concept. Therefore, both a provisional diagnosis of leukoplakia based on clinical criteria and a definite diagnosis for which etiological factors need to be eliminated and, should there be persistent lesions, a histological examination is required, are accepted. Follow up studies in which a malignant transformation has been observed have resulted in leukoplakia being considered as a precancerous disorder. Despite the fact that the diagnosis of dysplasia is subjective and certain recent studies have not found any association between this and the development of leukoplakia, the presence of epithelial dysplasia in the histological examination is currently considered to be the most important indicator of a higher possibility of malignant transformation of the leukoplakia. Among other factors that may indicate a worse prognosis are: if the leukoplakia is idiopathic, if clinical forms are non-homogenous, if it is located on the ventrolateral side of the tongue and the floor of the mouth, and if it is over 1 cm. (0.40 inches) in size

A Cyanide-Induced 3-Cyanoalanine Nitrilase in the Cyanide-Assimilating Bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Strain CECT 5344

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344 es una bacteria capaz de asimilar el cianuro como única fuente de nitrógeno. Bajo esta condición de crecimiento, se indujo una actividad enzimática 3-cianoalanina nitrilasa. Esta actividad fue codificada por nit4, uno de los cuatro genes de nitrilasa detectados en el genoma de esta bacteria, y su expresión en Escherichia coli permitió a la cepa recombinante asimilar completamente la 3-cianoalanina. P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344 mostró un nivel de crecimiento débil con 3-cianoalanina como fuente de N, a menos que también se agregara KCN. Además, un mutante knock-out de nit4 de P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344 se deterioró gravemente en su capacidad para crecer con 3-cianoalanina y cianuro como fuentes de nitrógeno. La enzima nativa expresada en E. coli se purificó hasta homogeneidad electroforética y se caracterizó bioquímicamente. Nit4 parece ser específico para la 3-cianoalanina, y la cantidad de amonio derivada de la actividad enzimática se duplicó en presencia de actividad asparaginasa agregada exógenamente, lo que demostró que la enzima Nit4 tenía actividades tanto 3-cianoalanina nitrilasa como hidratasa. El gen nit4 está ubicado aguas abajo de la unidad transcripcional de resistencia al cianuro que contiene los genes cio1, cuyos niveles de expresión están bajo el control positivo del cianuro. Los experimentos de PCR en tiempo real revelaron que la expresión de nit4 también estaba regulada positivamente por el cianuro tanto en medios mínimos como en medios LB. Estos resultados sugieren que este grupo de genes, incluidos cio1 y nit4, podrían participar tanto en la resistencia al cianuro como en su asimilación por parte de P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344.Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344 is a bacterium able to assimilate cyanide as a sole nitrogen source. Under this growth condition, a 3-cyanoalanine nitrilase enzymatic activity was induced. This activity was encoded by nit4, one of the four nitrilase genes detected in the genome of this bacterium, and its expression in Escherichia coli enabled the recombinant strain to fully assimilate 3-cyanoalanine. P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344 showed a weak growth level with 3-cyanoalanine as the N source, unless KCN was also added. Moreover, a nit4 knockout mutant of P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344 became severely impaired in its ability to grow with 3-cyanoalanine and cyanide as nitrogen sources. The native enzyme expressed in E. coli was purified up to electrophoretic homogeneity and biochemically characterized. Nit4 seems to be specific for 3-cyanoalanine, and the amount of ammonium derived from the enzymatic activity doubled in the presence of exogenously added asparaginase activity, which demonstrated that the Nit4 enzyme had both 3-cyanoalanine nitrilase and hydratase activities. The nit4 gene is located downstream of the cyanide resistance transcriptional unit containing cio1 genes, whose expression levels are under the positive control of cyanide. Real-time PCR experiments revealed that nit4 expression was also positively regulated by cyanide in both minimal and LB media. These results suggest that this gene cluster including cio1 and nit4 could be involved both in cyanide resistance and in its assimilation by P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344.Trabajo financiado por: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Beca BIO2011-30026-C02-01 Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Beca BIO2008-04542-C02-02 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Beca AGL2016-74882-C3-2-R Junta de Extremadura. Becas PRI07A097, GR10165 y GR15083 Universidad de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Ayudas Becas FPI: BES-2006-11941 y BES-2009-027073peerReviewe

TRPC Channels: Dysregulation and Ca2+ Mishandling in Ischemic Heart Disease

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are ubiquitously expressed in excitable and non-excitable cardiac cells where they sense and respond to a wide variety of physical and chemical stimuli. As other TRP channels, TRPC channels may form homo or heterotetramericion channels, and they can associate with other membrane receptors and ion channels to regulate intracellular calcium concentration. Dysfunctions of TRPC channels are involved in many types of cardiovascular diseases. Significant increase in the expression of different TRPC isoforms was observed in different animal models of heart infarcts and in vitro experimental models of ischemia and reperfusion. TRPC channel-mediated increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration seems to be required for the activation of the signaling pathway that plays minor roles in the healthy heart, but they are more relevant for cardiac responses to ischemia, such as the activation of different factors of transcription and cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge regarding TRPC implication in different cellular processes related to ischemia and reperfusion and to heart infarction

Oral lichenoid lesions related to contact with dental materials : a literature review

Oral lichenoid lesions related to contact are defined as oral-cavity eruptions with an identifiable etiology, and are clinically and histologically similar to oral lichen planus. Within this group are found oral lichenoid lesions related to contact with dental materials (OLLC), the most common being those related to silver amalgam. Currently, it remains difficult to diagnose these lesions due to the clinical and histopathological similarity with oral lichen planus and other oral mucosa lesions of lichenoid characteristics. In the present paper, we carry out an updated review of the tests for, and the different characteristics of OLLC, which may aid the diagnosis. For this review, we made searches in the Pubmed® and Cochrane® databases. Among the literature we found several published papers, from which we have used review papers, case papers, cohort studies, case and control studies, and a meta-analysis study. After carrying out this review, we can conclude that the diagnosis of these lesions is still difficult and controversial. However, there are different aspects in the clinical presentation, pathological study and results obtained when replacing suspect materials, which, when taken together, may be useful when establishing the final diagnosis of OLLC

La depresión infantojuvenil: prevención en un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria

La infancia se acorta por la actividad a que los adultos someten a los niños/as, y la adolescencia se prolonga artificialmente, porque el período de dependencia económica y psicosocial no coincide con el de autonomía física que se consolida en la pubertad. La sociedad, las familias, la escolaridad, las circunstancias... en muchas ocasiones hacen que los niños/as y adolescentes tengan dificultades de adaptación que se manifiestan en conductas de depresión, que se prolongan o surgen en la adultez. Se proponen las bases de un Programa de (Intervención desde la) Prevención, en un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria, desde el Departamento de Orientación, con la colaboración de los tutores del centro, las familias, y con la implicación de toda la comunidad educativa.Childhood is shortened by the activity that adults subject children and adolescence is extended artificially, because the period of psychological and economic dependency does not coincide with the physical autonomy which is consolidated at puberty. The society, families, schooling, the circumstances... on many occasions make that children and adolescents have difficulties of adaptation that is manifested in behavior of depression, which extend or arise in adulthood. We propose the bases of a program of (intervention from the) prevention, in an Institute of secondary education, from the guidance Department, with the collaboration of the Center, families, tutors and with the involvement of the entire educational communityEste trabajo pretende dar a conocer la importancia de la prevención de la depresión infantojuvenil en un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria, mediante la elaboración de las bases de un Programa de intervención desde el Departamento de Orientación, con la colaboración de los tutores del centro, las familias, y con la implicación de toda la comunidad educativa

Inclusive education from a service learning secondary education proposal

This project is an attempt to improve the academic inclusion of students in a group of curricular diversification of compulsory secondary education. The project to set up a children's theater show has made possible to put into practice the skills and stimulate learning: inclusion, coexistence, teamwork, equal opportunities. This experience has meant a meeting between formal and non-formal education and involving students in the reality of their environment. It has become an opportunity to involve students in their community and to foster intergenerational contact. The students participating in the experience show their satisfaction with the work done. Thus, they collaborated in the learning of the little ones and they were involved in a very decided way. Likewise, the project has also served to improve one's self-concept. Our proposal is thus linked to Learning-Service, as it combines the learning process of the students with the service to the community, with the intention of improving their immediate environment, and with the social learning of the actors in the educational scenario. Confirming both this difficulty and the need to overcome it for a more optimal performance led us to launch a Service-Learning Project (APS) that included the work of curricular contents and at the same time became a motivation for students, Influencing their self-esteem and involvement in the community.This project is an attempt to improve the academic inclusion of students in a group of curricular diversification of compulsory secondary education. The project to set up a children's theater show has made possible to put into practice the skills and stimulate learning: inclusion, coexistence, teamwork, equal opportunities. This experience has meant a meeting between formal and non-formal education and involving students in the reality of their environment. It has become an opportunity to involve students in their community and to foster intergenerational contact. The students participating in the experience show their satisfaction with the work done. Thus, they collaborated in the learning of the little ones and they were involved in a very decided way. Likewise, the project has also served to improve one's self-concept. Our proposal is thus linked to Learning-Service, as it combines the learning process of the students with the service to the community, with the intention of improving their immediate environment, and with the social learning of the actors in the educational scenario. Confirming both this difficulty and the need to overcome it for a more optimal performance led us to launch a Service-Learning Project (APS) that included the work of curricular contents and at the same time became a motivation for students, Influencing their self-esteem and involvement in the community.This work is based on the initial questions about whether basic competences are achieved in Compulsory Secondary Education in Spain and whether an inclusive education is promoted in Secondary classrooms through the presence and participation of students. Our contribution is inserted in a Research Project that investigates the processes of educational inclusion in Secondary Education

Thrombospondin-1 mediates muscle damage in brachio-cervical inflammatory myopathy and systemic sclerosis

To describe the clinical, serologic and histologic features of a cohort of patients with brachio-cervical inflammatory myopathy (BCIM) associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and unravel disease-specific pathophysiologic mechanisms occurring in these patients. We reviewed clinical, immunologic, muscle MRI, nailfold videocapillaroscopy, muscle biopsy, and response to treatment data from 8 patients with BCIM-SSc. We compared cytokine profiles between patients with BCIM-SSc and SSc without muscle involvement and controls. We analyzed the effect of the deregulated cytokines in vitro (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and muscle cells) and in vivo. All patients with BCIM-SSc presented with muscle weakness involving cervical and proximal muscles of the upper limbs plus Raynaud syndrome, telangiectasia and/or sclerodactilia, hypotonia of the esophagus, and interstitial lung disease. Immunosuppressive treatment stopped the progression of the disease. Muscle biopsy showed pathologic changes including the presence of necrotic fibers, fibrosis, and reduced capillary number and size. Cytokines involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis were deregulated. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), which participates in all these 3 processes, was upregulated in patients with BCIM-SSc. In vitro, TSP-1 and serum of patients with BCIM-SSc promoted proliferation and upregulation of collagen, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor beta in fibroblasts. TSP-1 disrupted vascular network, decreased muscle differentiation, and promoted hypotrophic myotubes. In vivo, TSP-1 increased fibrotic tissue and profibrotic macrophage infiltration in the muscle. Patients with SSc may present with a clinically and pathologically distinct myopathy. A prompt and correct diagnosis has important implications for treatment. Finally, TSP-1 may participate in the pathologic changes observed in muscle