Effect of solvent composition and its interaction with ultrasonic energy on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Mango peels (Mangifera indica L.)

[EN] Ultrasound has been used to intensify the extraction of phenolic compounds from many agro-food products. However, there is still a lack of understanding on how the ultrasonic energy is influenced by blends of different solvents and how this impacts the extraction process. This work studied the effect of ethanol, acetone and hexane blends on the ultrasonic power density (UPD) generated during the extraction of phenolic compounds from Mango peel, using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and a conventional solvent extraction (CSE). A simplex centroid mixture design and a special cubic regression model were used to evaluate the total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) and ultrasonic intensity (UI) as a function of the solvents proportions. The greatest TPC was obtained with the ethanol-acetone blend (60-40%) for CSE (205.08 mg GAE/100 g DM) and UAE (1493.01 mg GAE/100 g DM). Likewise, an increase (avg. 630%) was observed in TPC when the ultrasound was applied for all solvents and their blends. The TPC showed a good correlation (r=0.81) with the UPD, with higher UPD resulting in larger amounts of TPC extracted. Nevertheless, for the ethanol-acetone blend there was a decrease of 14.2% of the AA for the UAE, which could be due to the sonochemical reactions taking place at the high UPD achieved for that blend. The results of this work indicate that the solvent composition and use of ultrasound should be carefully selected to achieve the desired extraction objectives.The authors acknowledge the Ph.D. grant of Tania Martinez Ramos (CVU 580569) from the "Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT)" and the financial support from the Vicerrectoria de Investigacion y Estudios de Posgrado (VIEP-BUAP) through the "Programa Institucional para la Consolidacion de los Cuerpos Academicos y Conformacion de Redes de Investigacion".Martínez-Ramos, T.; Benedito Fort, JJ.; Watson, NJ.; Ruiz-López, II.; Che-Galicia, G.; Corona-Jiménez, E. (2020). Effect of solvent composition and its interaction with ultrasonic energy on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Mango peels (Mangifera indica L.). Food and Bioproducts Processing. 122:41-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2020.03.011S4154122Abdalla, A. E. M., Darwish, S. M., Ayad, E. H. E., & El-Hamahmy, R. M. (2007). 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Ratios of Helicity Amplitudes for Exclusive ρ0\rho^0 Electroproduction

Exclusive rho^0-meson electroproduction is studied in the HERMES experiment, using a 27.6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron/positron beam and unpolarized hydrogen and deuterium targets in the kinematic region 0.5 GeV^2 < Q^2 < 7.0 GeV^2, 3.0 GeV < W < 6.3 GeV, and -t' < 0.4 GeV^2. Real and imaginary parts of the ratios of the natural-parity-exchange helicity amplitudes T_{11} (\gamma^*_T --> \rho_T), T_{01} (\gamma^*_T --> \rho_L), T_{10} (\gamma^*_L --> \rho_T), and T_{1-1} (\gamma^*_{-T} -->\rho_T) to T_{00} (\gamma^*_L --> \rho_L) are extracted from the data. For the unnatural-parity-exchange amplitude U_{11}, the ratio |U_{11}/T_{00}| is obtained. The Q^2 and t' dependences of these ratios are presented and compared with perturbative QCD predictions.Comment: 27 pages, 8 tables, 13 figures; minor textual changes on pages 2, 3,9, 10, 11, and some changes to the list of reference

Intravenous NPA for the treatment of infarcting myocardium early: InTIME-II, a double-blind comparison on of single-bolus lanoteplase vs accelerated alteplase for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction

Aims to compare the efficacy and safety of lanoteplase, a single-bolus thrombolytic drug derived from alteplase tissue plasminogen activator, with the established accelerated alteplase regimen in patients presenting within 6 h of onset of ST elevation acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results 15 078 patients were recruited from 855 hospitals worldwide and randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either lanoteplase 120 KU. kg-1 as a single intravenous bolus, or up to 100 mg accelerated alteplase given over 90 min. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality at 30 days and the hypothesis was that the two treatments would be equivalent. By 30 days, 6.61% of alteplase-treated patients and 6.75% lanoteplase-treated patients had died (relative risk 1.02). Total stroke occurred in 1.53% alteplase- and 1.87% lanoteplase-treated patients (ns); haemorrhagic stroke rates were 0.64% alteplase and 1.12% lanoteplase (P=0.004). The net clinical deficit of 30-day death or non-fatal disabling stroke was 7.0% and 7.2%, respectively. By 6 months, 8.8% of alteplase-treated patients and 8.7% of lanoteplase-treated patients had died. Conclusion Single-bolus weight-adjusted lanoteplase is an effective thrombolytic agent, equivalent to alteplase in terms of its impact on survival and with a comparable risk-benefit profile. The single-bolus regimen should shorten symptoms to treatment times and be especially convenient for emergency department or out-of-hospital administration. (C) 2000 The European Society of Cardiology