Do the core stability and position sense of trunk affect balance in patients with multiple sclerosis?

Objective: The trunk is known to be the most important key point where sensory inputs are received and motor responses occur, necessary for the maintenance of balance and postural control. The aims of the present study were to investigate the relationship between balance with core stability and position sense of trunk in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) and to compare core stability, position sense of trunk and balance in PwMS and healthy controls. Methods: The study was completed with 45 PwMS and 29 healthy controls with matching age and gender. Balance was assessed with Postural Stability Test (PST) and Modified Sensory Organization Test (MSOT) by using Biodex Balance System (R). Core stability was evaluated with core endurance tests according to McGill procedure. Position sense of trunk was evaluated with the lumbosacral (LS) reposition tests by using Dualer IQTM digital inclinometer. Results: PST, MSOT and LS repositioning tests scores were higher (p<0.001) and the trunk flexor, extensor, right and left lateral endurance tests scores were lower (p<0.001) in PwMS compared to healthy controls. PST and MSOT were found to be correlated with core endurance tests scores (rs=-0.406/-0.602, p<0.05) and LS reposition test scores (rs=0.357/0.510, p<0.05) in PwMS. Conclusion: This study suggested that core stability and position sense of trunk were affected and caused imbalance in PwMS. Therefore, clinicians should consider assessments and interventions directed at decreased core stability and trunk position sense in PwMS

The Effect of Mask Use on the Ocular Surface During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objectives:The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged in Wuhan, China in October 2019 and spread rapidly all over the world, making extended mask use an inescapable rule of daily life. Literature data indicate that the use of face masks increases the symptoms of dry eye in addition to preventing the spread of COVID-19. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the clinical signs and symptoms of dry eye and the duration of mask use in healthy individuals using regular face masks.Materials and Methods:Thirty-five patients aged 20-60 years with no additional ophthalmologic pathology were included in the study. Participants were stratified by duration of face mask use: ≤6 hours/day (group 1) and >6 hours/day (group 2). The patients were assessed with the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, fluorescein ocular surface staining, and tear break-up time (TBUT) to evaluate the effect of extended mask use on the ocular surface.Results:A total of 62 eyes of 35 patients, 20 women (57.1%) and 15 men (42.9%), were included in the study. The two mask use duration groups had similar OSDI values (p=0.618). When the ocular surface staining pattern was examined according to the Oxford scale, 50% (10/20) of the eyes in group 1 were assessed as stage 1 and the other 10 eyes as stage 0. In group 2, 47.6% (20/42) of the eyes were assessed as grade 1, 11.9% (5/42) as grade 2, and 4.7% (2/42) as grade 3.Conclusion:Face mask use was shown to cause decreased TBUT and ocular surface staining even in healthy individuals. Further studies are needed to investigate changes in tear film after extended daily mask use

In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Findings of Subepithelial Infiltrates Associated with Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

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AN EXAMPLE TO SEPIOLITE FORMATION IN VOLCANIC BELTS BY HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION: KIBRISCIK (BOLU) SEPIOLITE OCCURRENCE

Geological, mineralogical and chemical properties of a sepiolite occurrence, located in the south of Kıbrıscık township of Bolu Province, northcentral Turkey, have been investigated in detail, and new mineralogical data have been obtained. Differing from the sedimentary sepiolite deposits, mostly associated with the carbonate/evaporite sequences, Kıbrıscık sepiolite occurs in the Köroğlu (Gallatian) Volcanic Belt, and has formed by the hydrothermal alteration of the vitric tuff unit of Middle Miocene aged Deveören Volcanites. The mineral, which shows a similar XRD pattern to sepiolite, gives DTA and IR patterns with close resemblance to those of palygorskite, in addition to its chemical composition with rather high alumina content. There are indications of monoclinal symmetry, determined by XRD, and it is thought to be possible that the material represents a new mineral phase

Genetyka molekularna zespołu pseudoeksfoliacji

Exfoliation syndrome is an age-related disorder of the extracellular matrix, characterized by progressive accumulation of abnormal fibrillar material in several ocular and extraocular tissues. Although the exact etiopathogenesis is still unknown, several genetic and environmental factors appear to be involved in disease pathogenesis. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms in lysyl oxidase-like 1 have been found to be strongly associated with exfoliation syndrome. Dysregulation of lysyl oxidase-like 1 specifity and activity, an enzyme with a role in tropoelastin cross-linking and elastin homeostasis is thought to be involved in the development of exfoliation syndrome. This review aims to examine the recent genetic findings in the disease process.Zespół pseudoeksfoliacji to związane z wiekiem zaburzenie macierzy zewnątrzkomórkowej, charakteryzujące się postępującym odkładaniem się nieprawidłowego materiału fibrylarnego w różnych tkankach oka i poza nimi. Dokładna etiopatogeneza choroby pozostaje nieznana, jednak wydaje się, że istnieje kilka czynników genetycznych i środowiskowych w nią zaangażowanych. Niedawno wykazano, że polimorfizmy pojedynczego nukleotydu w obrębie oksydazy lizynowej 1 są silnie powiązane z zespołem pseudoeksfoliacji. Dysregulacja swoistości i aktywności oksydazy lizynowej 1, czyli enzymu odgrywającego rolę w sieciowaniu tropoelastyny i homeostazie elastyny, jest uważana za jeden z czynników rozwoju zespołu pseudoeksfoliacji. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przeanalizowanie najnowszych doniesień dotyczących genetyki wspomnianego procesu chorobowego

Glokom ve Oküler Hipertansiyon Hastalarında Humphrey Matriks Perimetrisi ve Standart Otomatik Perimetrinin SITA Stratejisi ile Elde Edilen Görme Alan Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması

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Psödoeksfoliasyon Sendromu ve Konjonktivaşalazisli Olgularda Oküler Yüzey Parametrelerinin Deǧerlendirilmesi

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