Voto electrónico en la Rusia moderna: debates, tecnologías, experimentos

We discussed the increasing interest in the use of technical means for voting in elections and referendums with a gradual transition to electronic voting. Our article deals with the peculiarities of the experiment on the organization and conduct of remote electronic voting in the elections of deputies of the Moscow City Duma of the seventh convocation, scheduled for September 8, 2019. In addition, the article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of electronic voting, offers recommendations on eliminating some risks associated with the use of this type of electronic voting. The received results of the experiment will allow to define directions of the further work on perfection of legal regulation of introduction in selective process of modern digital technologies. In case of positive results, practical and technological solutions can be developed, which will ensure further development of the remote electronic voting system in Russia.Discutimos el creciente interés en el uso de medios técnicos para votar en elecciones y referéndums con una transición gradual al voto electrónico. Nuestro artículo aborda las peculiaridades del experimento sobre la organización y la realización de la votación electrónica remota en las elecciones de diputados de la Duma de la ciudad de Moscú de la séptima convocatoria, prevista para el 8 de septiembre de 2019. Además, el artículo analiza las ventajas y desventajas de votación electrónica, ofrece recomendaciones para eliminar algunos riesgos asociados con el uso de este tipo de votación electrónica. Los resultados recibidos del experimento permitirán definir las direcciones del trabajo posterior sobre la perfección de la regulación legal de la introducción en el proceso selectivo de las tecnologías digitales modernas. En caso de resultados positivos, se pueden desarrollar soluciones prácticas y tecnológicas que garanticen un mayor desarrollo del sistema de votación electrónica remota en Rusia

Effect of moderate hypoxia/reoxygenation on mitochondrial adaptation to acute severe hypoxia

In an experimental model, it was shown that repetitive periods of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) [5 cycles of 5 min hypoxia (12% O2 in N2) followed by 15 min normoxia, daily for three weeks] attenuated basal and stimulated in vitro lipid peroxidation, as well as H2O2 production in liver and brain mitochondria of rats exposed to acute severe hypoxia. Adaptation to moderate H/R enhanced in mitochondria the production and activity of reactive oxygen species scavengers, such as glutathione, manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. It was demonstrated that the maintenance of GSH-redox cycle by activation of glutathione reductase and NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase is an integral part of the biochemical adaptive mechanism of oxidative tolerance to new damaging factor. Brain mitochondria showed more sensitivity to oxidative stress than liver mitochondria, and long-lasting sessions of H/R affect differentially their pro-/antioxidant homeostasis

Voto electrónico en la Rusia moderna: debates, tecnologías, experimentos

We discussed the increasing interest in the use of technical means for voting in elections and referendums with a gradual transition to electronic voting. Our article deals with the peculiarities of the experiment on the organization and conduct of remote electronic voting in the elections of deputies of the Moscow City Duma of the seventh convocation, scheduled for September 8, 2019. In addition, the article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of electronic voting, offers recommendations on eliminating some risks associated with the use of this type of electronic voting. The received results of the experiment will allow to define directions of the further work on perfection of legal regulation of introduction in selective process of modern digital technologies. In case of positive results, practical and technological solutions can be developed, which will ensure further development of the remote electronic voting system in Russia.Discutimos el creciente interés en el uso de medios técnicos para votar en elecciones y referéndums con una transición gradual al voto electrónico. Nuestro artículo aborda las peculiaridades del experimento sobre la organización y la realización de la votación electrónica remota en las elecciones de diputados de la Duma de la ciudad de Moscú de la séptima convocatoria, prevista para el 8 de septiembre de 2019. Además, el artículo analiza las ventajas y desventajas de votación electrónica, ofrece recomendaciones para eliminar algunos riesgos asociados con el uso de este tipo de votación electrónica. Los resultados recibidos del experimento permitirán definir las direcciones del trabajo posterior sobre la perfección de la regulación legal de la introducción en el proceso selectivo de las tecnologías digitales modernas. En caso de resultados positivos, se pueden desarrollar soluciones prácticas y tecnológicas que garanticen un mayor desarrollo del sistema de votación electrónica remota en Rusia

Electronic Voting in Modern Russia: Discussions, Technologies, Am Experiments

We discussed the increasing interest in the use of technical means for voting in elections and referendums with a gradual transition to electronic voting. Our article deals with the peculiarities of the experiment on the organization and conduct of remote electronic voting in the elections of deputies of the Moscow City Duma of the seventh convocation, scheduled for September 8, 2019. In addition, the article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of electronic voting, offers recommendations on eliminating some risks associated with the use of this type of electronic voting. The received results of the experiment will allow to define directions of the further work on perfection of legal regulation of introduction in selective process of modern digital technologies. In case of positive results, practical and technological solutions can be developed, which will ensure further development of the remote electronic voting system in Russia