PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PUISI BERTEMA PERJUANGAN UNTUK MENGUATKAN NILAI-NILAI NASIONALISME DALAM PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN : PTK tentang Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Puisi Bertema Perjuangan dalam Pembelajaran PPKn di Kelas VII A SMP Laboratorium Percontohan UPI Bandung

Nilai nasionalisme merupakan salah satu nilai yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa. Pembinaan nilai nasionalisme itu dikembangkan melalui pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (PPKn) di sekolah. Media pembelajaran merupakan salah satu alat untuk merangsang semangat kebangsaan mereka. Namun kondisi di sekolah, media yang digunakan guru dalam pembelajaran itu kurang bervariasi dan kurang menggugah para siswa, sehingga pembinaan kompetensi sikap nasionalisme siswa masih kurang optimum. Oleh karena itu, untuk mencapai penguatan nilai-nilai nasionalisme siswa dalam pembelajaran PPKn, digunakanlah media pembelajaran puisi bertema perjuangan, khususnya dalam materi berkomitmen terhadap Pancasila sebagai dasar negara. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas VII A SMP Laboratorium Percontohan UPI Bandung melalui metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi, studi kepustakaan, dan catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penguatan nilai-nilai nasionalisme siswa pada pembelajaran PPKn melalui tiga siklus pembelajaran. Hasil memperlihatkan sikap belajar siswa yang tinggi, disiplin, saling toleransi dan menghargai teman, serta hormat dan santun kepada guru. Terlihat deskripsi siswa dalam mengutamakan kepentingan kelompok daripada kepentingan pribadi, berani tampil ke depan kelas dan makin berani mengemukakan pendapat. Seiring dengan itu, perkembangan kognitif dan keterampilan mereka terlihat dari berkomunikasi dalam kelompok dan kelas di sekolah. Kesimpulannya, media puisi bertema perjuangan dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan guru Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan dalam peningkatan kualitas proses pembelajaran, guna menguatkan nilai-nilai nasionalisme siswa di sekolah. Maka seyogyanya media puisi bertema perjuangan terus dikembangkan dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaran di sekolah. Kata kunci: Media, pembelajaran, puisi perjuangan, nasionalisme. Nationalism is one of many values that must be possessed by students. Development of nationalism is developed through civic education in school. Instructional media is one of tools to stimulate their national spirit. Nevertheless, the conditions in school, the media used by teachers in teaching are less varied and evocative over the students, so student’s competency over nationalism is still less optimum. Therefore, the use of struggle themed poetry is to achieve the reinforcement of student’s nationalism in civic education, especially in part to commit to Pancasila as national principle. The research conducted in JHS UPI Bandung Laboratory Schools class VII A through Classroom Action Research Method. The data collection techniques that used are observation, interviews, documentation studies, literature studies, and field notes. The research results show reinforcement of student’s nationalism in civic education through three cycles of learning. The results show high students learning attitude, discipline, tolerance, respect and well behaved over fellow students and teachers. Students prioritize their group rather than their personal interest, they are able to appear in front of the class, and express their opinions. Along with that, their skills and cognitive development are visible from the way they communicate in groups and class in school. The conclusion is the media struggle themed poetry can be used as an alternative media that can be used by civics teachers to improve the quality of learning process, also reinforces the student’s nationalism in school. Accordingly, the struggle themed poetry media continue to be developed in civic education in school. Keywords: Media, Learning, Struggle Poetry, Nationalism

User evaluations of energy efficient buildings. The interplay of buildings and users in seven European case studies

© Copyright SINTEF Academic Press and Norwegian University of Science and Technology 201

Shift work and quality of sleep::Effect of working in designed dynamic light

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of designed dynamic light on staff’s quality of sleep with regard to sleep efficiency, level of melatonin in saliva, and subjective perceptions of quality of sleep. METHODS: An intervention group working in designed dynamic light was compared with a control group working in ordinary institutional light at two comparable intensive care units (ICUs). The study included examining (1) melatonin profiles obtained from saliva samples, (2) quality of sleep in terms of sleep efficiency, number of awakenings and subjective assessment of sleep through the use of sleep monitors and sleep diaries, and (3) subjective perceptions of well-being, health, and sleep quality using a questionnaire. Light conditions were measured at both locations. RESULTS: A total of 113 nurses (88 %) participated. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding personal characteristics, and no significant differences in total sleep efficiency or melatonin level were found. The intervention group felt more rested (OR 2.03, p = 0.003) and assessed their condition on awakening as better than the control group (OR 2.35, p = 0.001). Intervention-ICU nurses received far more light both during day and evening shifts compared to the control-ICU. CONCLUSIONS: The study found no significant differences in monitored sleep efficiency and melatonin level. Nurses from the intervention-ICU subjectively assessed their sleep as more effective than participants from the control-ICU. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00420-015-1051-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a major diagnostic challenge, as early detection is crucial for effective intervention. This review examines the diagnostic challenges facing current AD evaluations and explores the emerging field of retinal alterations as early indicators. Recognizing the potential of the retina as a noninvasive window to the brain, we emphasize the importance of identifying retinal biomarkers in the early stages of AD. However, the examination of AD is not without its challenges, as the similarities shared with other retinal diseases introduce complexity in the search for AD-specific markers. In this review, we address the relevance of using the retina for the early diagnosis of AD and the complex challenges associated with the search for AD-specific retinal biomarkers. We provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and highlight avenues for progress in AD diagnosis by retinal examination

Induced B Cell Development in Adult Mice

We employed the B-Indu-Rag1 model in which the coding exon of recombination-activating gene 1 (Rag1) is inactivated by inversion. It is flanked by inverted loxP sites. Accordingly, B cell development is stopped at the pro/pre B-I cell precursor stage. A B cell-specific Cre recombinase fused to a mutated estrogen receptor allows the induction of RAG1 function and B cell development by application of Tamoxifen. Since Rag1 function is recovered in a non-self-renewing precursor cell, only single waves of development can be induced. Using this system, we could determine that B cells minimally require 5 days to undergo development from pro/preB-I cells to the large and 6 days to the small preB-II cell stage. First immature transitional (T) 1 and T2 B cells could be detected in the bone marrow at day 6 and day 7, respectively, while their appearance in the spleen took one additional day. We also tested a contribution of adult bone marrow to the pool of B-1 cells. Sublethally irradiated syngeneic WT mice were adoptively transferred with bone marrow of B-Indu-Rag1 mice and B cell development was induced after 6 weeks. A significant portion of donor derived B-1 cells could be detected in such adult mice. Finally, early VH gene usage was tested after induction of B cell development. During the earliest time points the VH genes proximal to D/J were found to be predominantly rearranged. At later time points, the large family of the most distal VH prevailed

抗うつ薬レボキセチンの有効性評価：連続変数（HAM-Dスコア）と2値変数（有効率）に基づくメタアナリシス

博士（医学）神戸大

Tumor location and patient characteristics of colon and rectal adenocarcinomas in relation to survival and TNM classes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Old age at diagnosis is associated with poor survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) for unknown reasons. Recent data show that colonoscopy is efficient in preventing left-sided cancers only. We examine the association of Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) classes with diagnostic age and patient characteristics.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The Swedish Family-Cancer Database has data on TNM classes on 6,105 CRC adenocarcinoma patients. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to model tumor characteristics according to age at diagnosis, tumor localization, gender, socioeconomic status, medical region and family history. The results were compared to results from survival analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The only parameters systematically associated with TNM classes were age and tumor localization. Young age at diagnosis was a risk factor for aggressive CRC, according to stage, N and M with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.80 to 1.93 for diagnosis before age 50 years compared to diagnosis at 80+ years. All tumor characteristics, particularly T, were worse for colon compared to rectal tumors. Right-sided tumors showed worse characteristics for all classifiers but M. The survival analysis on patients diagnosed since 2000 showed a hazard ratio of 0.55 for diagnosis before age 50 years compared to diagnosis at over 80 years and a modestly better prognosis for left-sided compared to right-sided tumors.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results showed systematically more aggressive tumors in young compared to old patients. The poorer survival of old patients in colon cancer was not related to the available tumor characteristics. However, these partially agreed with the limited colonoscopic success with right-sided tumors.</p