RGPD V. LGPD: ADOÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA DA ABORDAGEM RESPONSIVA NA ELABORAÇÃO DA LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS DO BRASIL E DO REGULAMENTO GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA

Purpose ”“ The main purpose of this article is to analyze the aspects of the responsiveness approach adopted by European and Brazilian lawmakers in the elaboration of data protection rules, such as GDPR and LGPD.  Methodology ”“ The applied methodology is based on the responsive regulation theory and, additionally, the network governance theory, through the comparative analysis of personal data protection legal frameworks in Brazil and the EU. Findings ”“ Based on the comparative analysis of the GDPR and the LGPD, it is verified the adoption of escalated regulatory techniques of Ayres and Braithwaite’s enforcement pyramid in the developed of these norms, as a strategy adopted by lawmakers to guarantee a greater compliance from regulated entities.  Purpose ”“ The main purpose of this article is to analyze the aspects of the responsiveness approach adopted by European and Brazilian lawmakers in the elaboration of data protection rules, such as GDPR and LGPD.  Methodology ”“ The applied methodology is based on the responsive regulation theory and, additionally, the network governance theory, through the comparative analysis of personal data protection legal frameworks in Brazil and the EU. Findings ”“ Based on the comparative analysis of the GDPR and the LGPD, it is verified the adoption of escalated regulatory techniques of Ayres and Braithwaite’s enforcement pyramid in the developed of these norms, as a strategy adopted by lawmakers to guarantee a greater compliance from regulated entities.  Propósito ”“ O propósito do artigo é analisar os aspectos da abordagem responsiva adotados pelos legisladores europeus e brasileiros na elaboração das normas de proteção de dados, como a LGPD e o RGPD. Metodologia/abordagem/design ”“ a metodologia a ser aplicada terá como base a teoria da regulação responsiva e, subsidiariamente, a teoria da governança em rede, por meio da análise comparativa dos arcabouços legais de proteção de dados pessoais europeu e brasileiro. Resultados ”“ Por meio da análise comparativa da LGPD e do RGPD, verificar-se-á a adoção de técnicas regulatórias escaláveis da pirâmide de constrangimento de John Braithwaite e Ian Ayres na construção desses atos normativos, como estratégia dos legisladores de buscar maior compliance dos entes regulados.Propósito ”“ O propósito do artigo é analisar os aspectos da abordagem responsiva adotados pelos legisladores europeus e brasileiros na elaboração das normas de proteção de dados, como a LGPD e o RGPD. Metodologia/abordagem/design ”“ a metodologia a ser aplicada terá como base a teoria da regulação responsiva e, subsidiariamente, a teoria da governança em rede, por meio da análise comparativa dos arcabouços legais de proteção de dados pessoais europeu e brasileiro. Resultados ”“ Por meio da análise comparativa da LGPD e do RGPD, verificar-se-á a adoção de técnicas regulatórias escaláveis da pirâmide de constrangimento de John Braithwaite e Ian Ayres na construção desses atos normativos, como estratégia dos legisladores de buscar maior compliance dos entes regulados

Potential utility of cone‐beam CT‐guided adaptive radiotherapy under end‐exhalation breath‐hold conditions for pancreatic cancer

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential utility of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (ART) under end-exhalation breath-hold (EE-BH) conditions for pancreatic cancer (PC). [Methods] Eleven PC patients who underwent 15-fraction volumetric-modulated arc therapy under EE-BH conditions were included. Planning CT images and daily 165 CBCT images were imported into a dedicated treatment planning system. The prescription dose was set to 48 Gy in 15 fractions. The reference plan was automatically generated along with predefined clinical goals. After segmentation was completed on CBCT images, two different plans were generated: One was an adapted (ADP) plan in which re-optimization was performed on the anatomy of the day, and the other was a scheduled (SCH) plan, which was the same as the reference plan. The dose distributions calculated using the synthetic CT created from both planning CT and CBCT were compared between the two plans. Independent calculation-based quality assurance was also performed for the ADP plans, with a gamma passing rate of 3%/3 mm. [Results] All clinical goals were successfully achieved during the reference plan generation. Of the 165 sessions, gross tumor volume D98% and clinical target volume D98% were higher in 100 (60.1%) and 122 (74.0%) ADP fractions. In each fraction, the V3 Gy < 1 cm³ of the stomach and duodenum was violated in 47 (28.5%) and 48 (29.1%), respectively, of the SCH fractions, whereas no violations were observed in the ADP fractions. There were statistically significant differences in the dose–volume indices between the SCH and ADP fractions (p < 0.05). The gamma passing rates were above 95% in all ADP fractions. [Conclusions] The CBCT-guided online ART under EE-BH conditions successfully reduced the dose to the stomach and duodenum while maintaining target coverage

Karl Marx's Critique of Political Economy in the Economic-Philosophical Manuscripts (1844)

Orientador: Eduardo Barros MariuttiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de EconomiaResumo: O objetivo da dissertação é recuperar e organizar a leitura dos Manuscritos Econômico-Filosóficos de Karl Marx (1844) à luz da crítica às relações mercantis. A dissertação realiza três movimentos essenciais. O primeiro apresenta os antecedentes da crítica marxiana, a partir dos artigos que Marx realizara no jornal A Gazeta Renana e dos Esboços para uma crítica à economia política de Fridrich Engels, ambos escritos anteriores, na qual a temática já está colocada. O segundo movimento explicita a forma de apreensão de Marx da economia política nos MEF, expostos na primeira parte da referida obra, por meio das relações entre trabalho, capital e renda. O terceiro movimento apresenta a segunda parte da obra, na qual a crítica de Marx à sociedade burguesa é realizada nos planos da relação do homem com a natureza, isto é, as relações estranhadas de trabalho, nas relações dos homens com outros homens, isto é, as relações intersubjetivas fetichizadas pelo dinheiro e nas relações limitadas dos homens com o seu próprio desejo, a carência unilateralizada pela propriedade privada e pelo consumoAbstract: The aim of the dissertation is to recover and organize the reading of the Economic-Philosophical Manuscripts of Karl Marx (1844) in the light of the critique of mercantile relations. The dissertation makes three essential movements. The first presents the background of Marxian criticism, from the articles Marx had written in the Rheinische Zeitung journal and from the Outlines for a Critique of Political Economy by Fridrich Engels, both earlier writings, in which the theme is already set. The second movement expresses Marx's form of apprehension of political economy in the MEF, exposed in the first part of this work, through the relations between labor, capital and income. The third movement presents the second part of the work, in which Marx's critique of bourgeois society is carried out in the plans of the relation of man to nature, that is, the strange relations of labor, in the relations of men with other men, that is , the intersubjective relations fetishized by money and in the limited relations of men with their own desire, the unilateralised lack of private property and consumptionMestradoHistoria EconomicaMestre em Desenvolvimento EconômicoCAPE

Automatic measurement of beam‐positioning accuracy at off‐isocenter positions

[Purpose] This study performed an automatic measurement of the off-axis beam-positioning accuracy at a single isocenter via the TrueBeam Developer mode and evaluated the beam-positioning accuracy considering the effect of couch rotational errors. [Methods] TrueBeam STx and the Winston–Lutz test-dedicated phantom, with a 3 mm diameter steel ball, were used in this study. The phantom was placed on the treatment couch, and the Winston–Lutz test was performed at the isocenter for four gantry angles (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) using an electronic portal imaging device. The phantom offset positions were at distances of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mm from the isocenter along the superior–inferior, anterior–posterior, and left–right directions. Seventeen patterns of multileaf collimator-shaped square fields of 10 × 10 mm² were created at the isocenter and off-axis positions for each gantry angle. The beam-positioning accuracy was evaluated with couch rotation along the yaw-axis (0°, ± 0.5°, and ± 1.0°). [Results] The mean beam-positioning errors at the isocenter and off-isocenter distances (from the isocenter to ±100 mm) were 0.46–0.60, 0.44–0.91, and 0.42–1.11 mm for the couch angles of 0°, ±0.5°, and ±1°, respectively. The beam-positioning errors increased as the distance from the isocenter and couch rotation increased. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that the beam-positioning accuracy at the isocenter and off-isocenter positions can be evaluated quickly and automatically using the TrueBeam Developer mode. The proposed procedure is expected to contribute to an efficient evaluation of the beam-positioning accuracy at off-isocenter positions

Identification and control of occupational risks in a São Paulo metropolitan region quarry

A mineração de pedra britada é a terceira em movimentação financeira do país, sendo que quase metade da economia desse bem se concentra na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Paralelamente, o setor registrou o maior número de acidentes entre as indústrias extrativas, evidenciando a relevância da preocupação com a saúde e a segurança dos trabalhadores e a importância do controle dos riscos ocupacionais. A partir de 2002, a Norma Regulamentadora 22 (NR-22: Segurança e Saúde Ocupacional na Mineração) tornou obrigatória a elaboração do Programa de Gerenciamento de Risco (PGR), elaborado a partir da identificação e controle dos riscos. Tendo em vista a importância do setor para o Estado, buscou-se, com esse trabalho, avaliar e discutir os riscos presentes nas operações unitárias do processo produtivo de pedra britada em uma mina a céu aberto e propor medidas de controle para elaboração do PGR. Apesar de esse trabalho referir-se a um caso específico, este pode ser estendido a outras minerações do setor, desde que sejam realizadas as considerações relativas às diferenças nos processos produtivos. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa envolveu a identificação dos principais riscos associados às operações de perfuração, desmonte, carregamento e transporte, britagem e peneiramento por meio de medições de campo de alguns agentes e relatórios e registros da empresa. Os resultados obtidos foram decisivos para a determinação das medidas de controle adequadas para a melhoria das condições de saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores.Crushed stone mining is the third largest mining economy in Brazil, where almost half is produced in the Sao Paulo metropolitan region. The segment registers the highest number of accidents among the extractive industries, which justifies the concern with workers’ health and safety and the importance of controlling occupational hazards. Since 2002, the NR-22 Standard (NR-22: Occupational Health and Safety in Mining) makes compulsory the elaboration of a Risk Management Program that identifies risks and establishes control measures. Considering the crushed stone mining industry’s importance to the state, this paper evaluates and discusses the risks identified in unit operations during the production process of crushed stone in an open pit mine in order to propose control measures for the development of the Risk Management Program. Although this study refers to a specific quarry, it can be applied to other mines from the same sector, since some considerations are made regarding differences in manufacturing processes. The research was based on the identification of the main risks associated with drilling, blasting, load & haulage, crushing and screening through field measurements of some hazardous agents, together with company reports. The results contributed to the choice of the appropriate control measures for the improvement of workers’ health and safety conditions

An update in the threshold limit value for crystalline silica and its effects on respirator selection

O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o processo de seleção de equipamentos de proteção respiratória e verificar a existência de mudanças nesse processo quando o limite de exposição ocupacional de uma substância é alterado. Utilizaram-se, como base de dados, dois estudos anteriormente realizados em empresas mineradoras da região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo, selecionando-se, como contaminante, a sílica cristalina devido à sua abrangência e à gravidade das doenças relacionadas à sua exposição. Os fatores de proteção atribuídos aos equipamentos fornecidos pelas empresas estudadas foram comparados com os requeridos pelas atividades e com a metodologia do programa de proteção respiratória da FUNDACENTRO. Os resultados mostraram que, até 2005, algumas empresas estavam fornecendo equipamentos inadequados e que, a partir de 2006, ano em que foi alterado o limite de exposição, todas as empresas estudadas forneciam proteção insuficiente. Concluiu-se ser oportuna a criação de um portal na internet onde a seleção dos EPIs possa ser feita, de maneira atualizada, a partir das informações fornecidas pelas empresas.The purpose of this study was to investigate the respiratory protective device selection process and to identify changes in this process when an exposure limit value is updated. Two previous studies conducted in mining industries in the metropolitan area of São Paulo were put through the respiratory protective device selection process. The protection factors of the equipment provided by the companies were compared with the required protection factors and with the FUNDACENTRO's respiratory protection program. The results showed that until 2005, some companies were providing inadequate protection, and after the change in crystalline silica exposure limit value in 2006, all the analyzed companies were providing inadequate respirators. This study suggests that there is an opportunity to create a web portal, where the selection process can be done by the companies with updated information

Development of independent dose verification plugin using Eclipse scripting API for brachytherapy

In this study, an independent dose verification plugin (DVP) using the Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface (ESAPI) for brachytherapy was developed. The DVP was based on the general 2D formalism reported in AAPM-TG43U1. The coordinate and orientation of each source position were extracted from the translation matrix acquired from the treatment planning system (TPS), and the distance between the source and verification point (r) was calculated. Moreover, the angles subtended by the center-tip and tip-tip of the hypothetical line source with respect to the verification point (θ and β) were calculated. With r, θ, β and the active length of the source acquired from the TPS, the geometry function was calculated. As the TPS calculated the radial dose function, g(r), and 2D anisotropy function, F(r, θ), by interpolating and extrapolating the corresponding table stored in the TPS, the DVP calculated g(r) and F(r, θ) independently from equations fitted with the Monte Carlo data. The relative deviation of the fitted g(r) and F(r, θ) for the GammaMed Plus HDR 192Ir source was 0.5% and 0.9%, respectively. The acceptance range of the relative dose difference was set to ±1.03% based on the relative deviation between the fitted functions and Monte Carlo data, and the linear error propagation law. For 64 verification points from sixteen plans, the mean of absolute values of the relative dose difference was 0.19%. The standard deviation (SD) of the relative dose difference was 0.17%. The DVP maximizes efficiency and minimizes human error for the brachytherapy plan check

Elevation of Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity Induced by Amplified Insulin Response in Low Glutathione Levels in Rat Liver

Weanling male Wistar rats were fed on a 10% soybean protein isolate (SPI) diet for 3 weeks with or without supplementing 0.3% sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA; methionine or cystine) to examine relationship between glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of NADPH-producing enzymes, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME), in the liver. Of rats on the 10% SPI diet, GSH levels were lower and the enzyme activities were higher than of those fed on an SAA-supplemented diet. Despite the lower GSH level, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) activity was higher in the 10% SPI group than other groups. Examination of mRNAs of G6PD and ME suggested that the GSH-suppressing effect on enzyme induction occurred prior to and/or at transcriptional levels. Gel electrophoresis of G6PD indicated that low GSH status caused a decrease in reduced form and an increase in oxidized form of the enzyme, suggesting an accelerated turnover rate of the enzyme. In primary cultured hepatocytes, insulin response to induce G6PD activity was augmented in low GSH levels manipulated in the presence of buthionine sulfoximine. These findings indicated that elevation of the G6PD activity in low GSH levels was caused by amplified insulin response for expression of the enzyme and accelerated turnover rate of the enzyme molecule

Independent calculation-based verification of volumetric-modulated arc therapy–stereotactic body radiotherapy plans for lung cancer

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of independent calculation‐based verification of volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT)–stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for patients with lung cancer using a secondary treatment planning system (sTPS). In all, 50 patients with lung cancer who underwent VMAT‐SBRT between April 2018 and May 2019 were included in this study. VMAT‐SBRT plans were devised using the Collapsed‐Cone Convolution in RayStation (primary TPS: pTPS). DICOM files were transferred to Eclipse software (sTPS), which utilized the Eclipse software, and the dose distribution was then recalculated using Acuros XB. For the verification of dose distribution in homogeneous phantoms, the differences among pTPS, sTPS, and measurements were evaluated using passing rates of a dose difference of 5% (DD5%) and gamma index of 3%/2 mm (γ3%/2 mm). The ArcCHECK cylindrical diode array was used for measurements. For independent verification of dose‐volume parameters per the patient’s geometry, dose‐volume indices for the planning target volume (PTV) including D95% and the isocenter dose were evaluated. The mean differences (± standard deviations) between the pTPS and sTPS were then calculated. The gamma passing rates of DD5% and γ3%/2 mm criteria were 99.2 ± 2.4% and 98.6 ± 3.2% for pTPS vs. sTPS, 92.9 ± 4.0% and 94.1 ± 3.3% for pTPS vs. measurement, and 93.0 ± 4.4% and 94.3 ± 4.1% for sTPS vs. measurement, respectively. The differences between pTPS and sTPS for the PTVs of D95% and the isocenter dose were −3.1 ± 2.0% and −2.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. Our investigation of VMAT‐SBRT plans for lung cancer revealed that independent calculation‐based verification is a time‐efficient method for patient‐specific quality assurance

Policy Futures for the Digital Creative Economy. Proceedings of the University of Glasgow/University of Sydney Symposium, March 2023

This working paper reports on the ‘Policy Futures for the Digital Creative Economy’ international symposium held between 29-30 March 2023, a first step in the Partnership Collaboration being built between the University of Glasgow and the University of Sydney in our field. Hosted in the University’s Advanced Research Centre (The ARC) under the auspices of the ‘Creative Economy and Cultural Transformations’ theme, the symposium showcased cutting-edge research and in-depth regulatory dialogue. The first day was initiated by Professor Terry Flew’s (University of Sydney) keynote on the evolution of Australian cultural policy, while the second day revolved around the regulatory policy forum chaired by Professor Philip Schlesinger (University of Glasgow), bringing together a UK legislator, regulators from Ofcom and the Competition and Markets Authority, and an EU academic perspective from Université Paris-Dauphine. Over the two days, the contributions and discussions ranged across algorithms, creativity and AI, creative labour, copyright, climate change, news, sports, and public service media, as well as new regulatory challenges and emerging responses. The symposium showed both how similar regulatory approaches between the UK and Australia enabled cooperation, and that research interests productively converged across disciplinary boundaries, offering a significant basis for further development of the partnership between Glasgow and Sydney