Selection principles: s-Menger and s-Rothberger-bounded groups

[EN] In this paper, selection principles are defined and studied in the realm of irresolute topological groups. Especially, s-Menger-bounded and s-Rothberger-bounded type covering properties are introduced and studied.Iqbal, MA.; Khan, MUD. (2022). Selection principles: s-Menger and s-Rothberger-bounded groups. Applied General Topology. 23(1):189-199. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2022.14846OJS18919923

The influence of Parents Educational level on Secondary School Students Academic achievements in District Rajanpur

This study was conducted to focus the influence and impact of parents educational  level on students academic achievement at secondary level of education. The study utilizes the students results of the 9th class in secondary school certificate examination taken by the Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education Dera Ghazi Khan. Oral interview, observation and a questionnaire were used for this study. This article tries to find out the impact of parental education status at students  academic achievements of secondary school level. Research population was the students of different public and private high schools of District Rajanpur, South Punjab. 200 students of Grade 10th were taken as a sample randomly. Null hypothesis was formulated and tested using independent Z-test analysis. Descriptive study based on empirical data was tested to correlate the described variables. After analysis of the data the research finds significant positive relationship between parents education level and academic achievements of students. Key Words: parents education level, secondary schools, academic achievements

Research is a Scientific Capital: The Role of University Libraries in Higher Education Institutions

This paper attempts to examine the research support services in university libraries of higher education institutions in the Punjab, Pakistan. University libraries are providing traditional and as well as modern facilitation to scholars, students, and teachers for face to face and online learning in the globe generally and in Pakistan specifically. A quantitative study design opted and a sample of 90 university libraries was taken out of 116 libraries including sub-campuses libraries from the Punjab Province. A well-structured questionnaire was administered and pretested to conduct a representative survey. The study findings indicated that there was a significant difference in research support facilities between government and private sector university libraries in the Punjab Province. There was also a significant difference in the training of library staff regarding research support activities among university types. The study recommended that training on research support services in the library should be provided to library professional staff, researchers, and students for the best utilization of library services

Comparison of Caralluma tuberculata with Metformin for Anti-Diabetic Activity: An Animal Study

Background: Caralluma tuberculata, is a wild herb, which grows in the hills of Balochistan and has been known to have medicinal and nutritional properties since antiquity. This experimental research was designed to study the hypoglycemic properties of Caralluma tuberculata and to compare them with Metformin.Material and Methods: This was a laboratory-based animal experimental study. It was conducted in the Pharmacology laboratory of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar from February 2016 to August 2016. Two types of extracts of Caralluma tuberculata [crude extract and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) extract] were prepared and administered to normal and alloxan treated diabetic rabbits. To study anti-diabetic activity, eighty-four rabbits were divided into two main groups. Group I (Normal/Non-Diabetic Rabbits; n= 21) and Group II (Diabetic/Alloxanized Rabbits; n=63). Each group was further divided into sub-groups (7 rabbits in each). Effect of Caralluma tuberculata, Metformin and 2% gum tragacanth on blood glucose levels were checked at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours of drug administration. The extracts were given in capsule form and in cooking oil. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. For calculation and comparison of the hypoglycemic effects at various doses and different time intervals, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test were applied.Results: The crude extract, 200mg/kg body weight of Caralluma tuberculata showed significant decrease (p<0.001) in mean blood glucose levels from 2-hour till12 hours. Whereas, highly significant reduction of blood glucose was seen from 2 hours after treatment till 24 hours, when carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) fraction of Caralluma (100mg/kg body weight) in capsule form was administered. Metformin 500mg/kg body weight was given to compare its effects with plant crude extract and it was found that metformin appeared to be less effective in comparison with Caralluma tuberculata.Conclusion: Caralluma tuberculata lowered the blood glucose level and turned out to be more significant in developing hypoglycemia when taken with cooking oil. More work is essential to provide stronger evidence for the use of this natural agent in the management of Diabetes Mellites

Ionic liquid tuned titanium dioxide nanostructures as an efficient colorimetric sensing platform for dopamine detection

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system, its lower or higher production results in various pathological disorders. Various nanoparticles systems have been used in the sensing of dopamine while in the present work ionic liquid tuned titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was first time evaluated in colorimetric detection of dopamine. TiO2 NPs have been synthesized by hydrothermal process and analyzed by different characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, and SEM that confirmed the desired synthesis. 1-H-3-methylimidazolium acetate (ionic liquid-a known conducting species) was prepared by the neutralization method. Colorimetric change in color from pinkish grey to reddish-brown with an increase in dopamine concentration was analyzed using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. To optimize the protocol various parameters like nanoparticles loading, conc. of dopamine etc were optimized. The quantification and limit of detection for the proposed sensor were calculated as 2.55 × 10−7 M and 7.67 × 10−8 M respectively, and 1 × 10−8–3.6 × 10−6 M linear range with an R2 value of 0.9998. At an optimum temperature of 25 °C and at pH 12 the proposed sensor response time was just 4 min for dopamine detection. The proposed sensor has been also used for the dopamine detection in physiological solution. The proposed sensor showed good sensitivity and selectivity for dopamine sensing

Impact of financial leverage and working capital management on firm’s profitability with pandemic influences

The current study examined the impact of financial leverage and working capital management on the profitability of thirty five firms from chemical and pharmaceutical sectors listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). We employed panel OLS, random effect and fixed effect regressions on the collected data of five years ranging from 2017 to 2021. Results proved that financial leverage and working capital management influenced profitability for overall, pre-covid and post-covid samples significantly. Further, the consistency of results was detected with battery of variations. This research can be of great importance for academic as well as managerial uses

Bladder Hernia; A Case Report

Inguinal bladder hernia is a rare condition usually diagnosed per-operatively. Patients may present with inguinal swelling, dysuria, hematuria,or urinary urgency. Obesity, advancing age and poor musculature are risk factors. We hereby present a case of inguinal bladder hernia in a 47-year-old obese male presented to outpatient department with history of inguino-scrotal, partially reducible swelling, lower urinary tract symptoms, off and on haematuria and dysuria. Scrotal ultrasound showed clear fluid present in the scrotum which was communicating with bladder. This was confirmed by cystography showing “dog ear”sign. Hernia containing bladder was reduced and hernioplasty was performed

Evaluation of Currently Available Molecular Assays and Performance of Sampling Approaches for Detection of Sars-Cov-2 RNA

OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify the essential characteristics of diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss the limitations of currently available tests and their impact on the test selection process. METHODOLOGY The current study was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex (MMC). One hundred nasopharyngeal-positive samples were collected from February to March 2021. Oropharyngeal swab OPS, sputum, and blood samples were collected from the participants to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. RNA extraction of SARS-CoV-2 was done using a BigFish auto extractor. A Qiagen Thermal Cycler was used for genome amplification. Five different molecular assays, namely COVSIGN (N gene) Spain, BGI (ORF1ab gene) China, Maccura(ORF1ab, E and N gene) China, R-GENE (RdRp and N genes) France and Genuru (N gene, S gene and ORF ab/1) were used. RESULTS100 % positivity was recorded in the sputum of all individuals, followed by 91 % OPS and 21% blood. The highest positivity rate for different genes was observed. ROC (Receiver operating characteristic curve) was developed through SPPS version 26.00 to compare the sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION By comparing the results of different diagnostic kits, it was found that BGI and Maccura are the most sensitive and specific for diagnostic purposes against COVID-19