288 research outputs found
Hydraulic flow through a channel contraction: multiple steady states
We have investigated shallow water flows through a channel with a contraction by experimental and theoretical means. The horizontal channel consists of a sluice gate and an upstream channel of constant width ending in a linear contraction of minimum width . Experimentally, we observe upstream steady and moving bores/shocks, and oblique waves in the contraction, as single and multiple steady states, as well as a steady reservoir with a complex hydraulic jump in the contraction occurring in a small section of the and Froude number parameter plane. One-dimensional hydraulic theory provides a comprehensive leading-order approximation, in which a turbulent frictional parametrization is used to achieve quantitative agreement. An analytical and numerical analysis is given for two-dimensional supercritical shallow water flows. It shows that the one-dimensional hydraulic analysis for inviscid flows away from hydraulic jumps holds surprisingly well, even though the two-dimensional oblique hydraulic jump patterns can show large variations across the contraction channel
Critical Behavior of Light
Light is shown to exhibit critical and tricritical behavior in passive
mode-locked lasers with externally injected pulses. It is a first and unique
example of critical phenomena in a one-dimensional many body light-mode system.
The phase diagrams consist of regimes with continuous wave, driven para-pulses,
spontaneous pulses via mode condensation, and heterogeneous pulses, separated
by phase transition lines which terminate with critical or tricritical points.
Enhanced nongaussian fluctuations and collective dynamics are observed at the
critical and tricritical points, showing a mode system analog of the critical
opalescence phenomenon. The critical exponents are calculated and shown to
comply with the mean field theory, which is rigorous in the light system.Comment: RevTex, 5 pages, 3 figure
Representation of the pulsed output from a mode-locked laser using quantum field theory and an application in multiphoton ionisation
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Experimental Implementation of Optical Clockwork without Carrier-Envelope Phase Control
We demonstrate an optical clockwork without camer-envelope phase control using sum-frequency generation between a CW optical parametric oscillator at 3.39 μm and a modelocked Tisapphire laser with dominant spectral peaks at 834 and 670 nm
Demultiplexing of 80-Gb/s Pulse-Position Modulated Data With an Ultrafast Nonlinear Interferometer
Abstract-Pulse-position modulation may be used to reduce patterning effects arising from gain saturation in all-optical switches employing semiconductor optical amplifiers. We present a novel technique for return-to-zero pulse-position modulation of data suitable for use in optical time-division-multiplexed (OTDM) networks. We demonstrate two methods for all-optical demultiplexing of a pulse-position modulated data stream using an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer. Errorfree operation is obtained for demultiplexing from OTDM data rates as high as 80 Gb/s with control pulse energies of 25 fJ
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Optical Clockwork without Carrier-Envelope Phase Control
We demonstrate optical clockwork without carrier-envelope phase control using sum-frequency generation between a cw optical parametric oscillator at 3.39 μm and a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser with dominant spectral peaks at 834 nm and 670 nm
Spectral Line-by-Line Pulse Shaping of an On-Chip Microresonator Frequency Comb
We report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, spectral phase
characterization and line-by-line pulse shaping of an optical frequency comb
generated by nonlinear wave mixing in a microring resonator. Through
programmable pulse shaping the comb is compressed into a train of
near-transform-limited pulses of \approx 300 fs duration (intensity full width
half maximum) at 595 GHz repetition rate. An additional, simple example of
optical arbitrary waveform generation is presented. The ability to characterize
and then stably compress the frequency comb provides new data on the stability
of the spectral phase and suggests that random relative frequency shifts due to
uncorrelated variations of frequency dependent phase are at or below the 100
microHertz level.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure
220 fs Er-Yb:glass laser mode-locked by a broadband low-loss Si/Ge saturable absorber
We demonstrate femtosecond performance of an ultra-broadband
high-index-contrast saturable Bragg reflector consisting of a
silicon/silicon-dioxide/germanium structure that is fully compatible with CMOS
processing. This device offers a reflectivity bandwidth of over 700 nm and
sub-picosecond recovery time of the saturable loss. It is used to achieve
mode-locking of an Er-Yb:glass laser centered at 1540 nm, generating 220 fs
pulses, with the broadest output spectrum to date
Generation of squeezed states of light with a fiber-optic ring interferometer
Forward nondegenerate four-wave mixing in an optical-fiber ring resonator is proposed as a method to generate squeezed states of light. The nonlinear interactions are analyzed both with a self-consistent propagation-equation technique and with Fokker-Planck equations in the Glauber-Sudarshan P representation. Excellent squeezing is predicted at modest input power levels, with perfect quantum-noise squeezing at the critical points for optical bistability. A method to suppress the stimulated Brillouin effect is proposed and demonstrated experimentally, and the effects of forward spontaneous guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering inside the resonator are analyzed. Methods are suggested for minimizing this noise under conditions where squeezing can be detected. Experimental apparatus and procedures are outlined for verifying the predictions of our theory and demonstrating squeezing of classical and quantum noise
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