Demographic aspects of the development of human capital in Russia and its regions

In the present paper, the contemporary demographic situation that has developed in Russia – which can be described in terms of a demographic crisis – is analysed. One of its most salient characteristics consists in the negative qualitative changes that are occurring in the population, many of them due to the consequences of modern information technology. The negative qualitative changes in the population, which essentially began during the second half of the 1980s and have increased in present-day Russia, prevent the development of human capital in the country. This being the case, the authors give their own interpretation of the concept of “human capital”. The purpose of the work is to justify the primacy of the demographic factor in the formation and development of human capital. Migration in the form of a brain drain also has a negative impact on the development of human capital in Russia and its regions. Confirmation of the above-mentioned thesis is provided in a human development index, calculated for the country as a whole and for its regions. In the work, the methods of demographic analysis, the demographic indicators and indexes, which can be used to analyse the qualitative characteristics of the population, are used. The authors arrive at the conclusion that it is impossible at the present stage to develop human capital without first solving the demographic problems. This is especially true for some regions of Russia. A greater awareness of this will contribute to a more efficient management of demographic processes, which will, in turn, guarantee the positive development of human capital, strengthening and developing the Russian economy and society as a whole

Emigration From Russia: New Trends and Forms

The subject-matter of this article is migration from Russia. The study deals with current aspects and new forms of emigration. The goal of this paper is to identify new patterns determining the emigration from Russia. The article views the emigration in a broad sense, including, in addition to classic emigration (i.e. leaving the home country for permanent residence in another country), various categories of return migration (labor migration, shuttle traders, seasonal migration, episodic migration, economic tourism, business migration, education abroad, etc.). With the emergence of these new forms and categories, there is a need to clarify the migration concepts. This analysis is built on a broad historical perspective on emigration, which has been a typical phenomenon for Russia over the last three centuries. The article is based on such economic theories, as the human capital theory, new economic theory of migration, Todaro’s economic theory of migration and other. In this article, a variety of methods are used, including historical analogy, statistical and mathematical approaches, sociological and econometric models. The article analyzes the patterns of modern emigration from Russia. It also considers certain aspects in the legal regulation of migration processes, with a focus on emigrants, including potential emigrants. In conclusion, the article notes the need for the state control of emigration processes. This means not so much the improvement of statistical records for this group of migrants, but rather speci c government measures aimed at providing the state support to these categories of migrants in order to prevent the non-return migration. In other words, it is not aimed at banning the emigration (a measure, the adverse effects of which were noted as long ago as by Mikhail Lomonosov). The ndings of this research can be used in improving the migration policy implemented, in particular, by the Federal Migration Service of Russia.This study has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research as part of research project No. RFFI 16–06–00048а "Social paradigm of regional development: selection of priorities and economic transformation"

Electromagnetic waves propagation through an array of superconducting qubits: manifestations of non-equilibrium steady states of qubits

We report a theoretical study of the electromagnetic waves (EWs) propagation through an array of superconducting qubits, i.e. coherent two-level systems, embedded in a low-dissipative transmission line. We focus on the near-resonant case as the frequency of EWs $\omega \simeq \omega_q$, where $\omega_q$ is the qubit frequency. In this limit we derive the effective dynamic nonlinear wave equation allowing one to obtain the frequency dependent transmission coefficient of EWs, $D(\omega)$. In the linear regime and a relatively wide frequency region we obtain a strong resonant suppression of $D(\omega)$ in both cases of a single qubit and chains composed of a large number of densely arranged qubits. However, in narrow frequency regions a chain of qubits allows the resonant transmission of EWs with greatly enhanced $D(\omega)$. In the nonlinear regime realized for a moderate power of applied microwave radiation, we predict and analyze various transitions between states characterized by high and low values of $D(\omega)$. These transitions are manifestations of nonequilibrium steady states of an array of qubits achieved in this regime.Comment: 7 pages and 6 figure

Emigration from Russia: new trends and forms

The subject-matter of this article is migration from Russia. The study deals with current aspects and new forms of emigration. The goal of this paper is to identify new patterns determining the emigration from Russia. The article views the emigration in a broad sense, including, in addition to classic emigration (i.e. leaving the home country for permanent residence in another country), various categories of return migration (labor migration, shuttle traders, seasonal migration, episodic migration, economic tourism, business migration, education abroad, etc.). With the emergence of these new forms and categories, there is a need to clarify the migration concepts. This analysis is built on a broad historical perspective on emigration, which has been a typical phenomenon for Russia over the last three centuries. The article is based on such economic theories, as the human capital theory, new economic theory of migration, Todaro’s economic theory of migration and other. In this article, a variety of methods are used, including historical analogy, statistical and mathematical approaches, sociological and econometric models. The article analyzes the patterns of modern emigration from Russia. It also considers certain aspects in the legal regulation of migration processes, with a focus on emigrants, including potential emigrants. In conclusion, the article notes the need for the state control of emigration processes. This means not so much the improvement of statistical records for this group of migrants, but rather speci c government measures aimed at providing the state support to these categories of migrants in order to prevent the non-return migration. In other words, it is not aimed at banning the emigration (a measure, the adverse effects of which were noted as long ago as by Mikhail Lomonosov). The ndings of this research can be used in improving the migration policy implemented, in particular, by the Federal Migration Service of Russia

Сергей Семенович Гирголав – служитель отечественной хирургии. К 140-летию со дня рождения

Semen Semenovich Girgolav was born on February 2, 1881 in Tiflis, Georgia, Russia. In 1904 he graduated from the Imperial Military Medical Academy with honors. Under the guidance of Prof. M.S. Subbotin, Dr. S. Girgolav prepared and in 1907 successfully defended his doctoral dissertation “Experimental findings on the use of isolated omentum in the abdominal surgery”. Later, he headed the chairs of general surgery, hospital surgery of the Military Medical Academy; he also was a scientific director of the Leningrad Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, head of the surgical department of the medical faculty of the 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute.In the 30s. Prof. Girgolav started a comprehensive work on thermal injuries and continued it until the last days of his life, while basic efforts of the staff of departments and laboratories which he headed were focused on studying local and general effects of low temperatures. From the first to the last days of the Great Patriotic War, he was the Deputy Chief Surgeon of the Red Army, and when Academician Burdenko (Chief Surgeon) fell ill (from October 1941 to May 1942 and in 1945) he acted as Chief Surgeon. During the Great Patriotic War, Prof. Girgolav regularly underlined the priority of the issues of military field surgery management as well as the issues of collecting and sharing the battle experience in surgery.Academician Girgolav’s list of works includes more than 140 scientific papers, which can be schematically divided into the following topics: “Military field surgery”, “Wounds”, “Frostbites”, “Issues of Special Surgery”, “Traumatology”, “Asepsis and antiseptics”, “Pain relief”, “Neurosurgery”, “Endocrinology and oncology”, “Manuals and Guidelines”. Professor V. G. Weinstein (an outstanding Soviet traumatologistorthopedist who worked under Acad. Girgolav’s guidance) suggests the following sections: 38 works are devoted to comprehensive researches on wounds, 17 – to infections, 16 – to military field surgery, 14 – abdominal and thoracic surgery, 13 – traumatology, 12 – problems of low-temperature injuries. Fewer works in urology, plastic surgery, asepsis and antiseptics, vascular and operative surgery, history of medicine.As a result of Acad. Girgolav’s research and educational activities, one of the largest surgical schools in the USSR has been created. More than 20 doctoral and 45 candidate dissertations were prepared and defended under his supervision. Academician, Lieutenant-General of the Medical Service .S. Girgolav, was awarded the Stalin Prize, two Orders of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, Order of the Red Banner of Labor, Order of the Red Star as well as many medals and honorary prizes for his outstanding contribution to the medical sphere of the Motherland in peacetime and wartime.Семен Семенович Гирголав родился 2 февраля 1881 г. в Тифлисе. В 1904 г. он с отличием окончил Императорскую Военно-медицинскую академию. Под руководством профессора М. С. Субботина С. С. Гирголав подготовил и в 1907 г. успешно защитил докторскую диссертацию «Экспериментальные данные к вопросу о применении изолированного сальника в брюшной хирургии». Позднее он руководил кафедрами общей хирургии, госпитальной хирургии Военно-медицинской академии, был научным руководителем Ленинградского научно-исследовательского института травматологии и ортопедии, заведующим хирургической кафедрой медицинского факультета 2-го Ленинградского медицинского института.В 30-х гг. С. С. Гирголав начал работы по всестороннему исследованию термической травмы и не прекращал их до последних дней своей жизни, при этом основные усилия сотрудников кафедр и лабораторий, которыми он руководил, сосредоточивались на изучении местного и общего действия низких температур. С первых и до последних дней Великой Отечественной войны он являлся заместителем главного хирурга Красной Армии, а во время болезни академика Н. Н. Бурденко (с октября 1941 по май 1942 г. и в 1945 г.) исполнял обязанности главного хирурга. В период Великой Отечественной войны С. С. Гирголав придавал первостепенное значение организационным проблемам военно-полевой хирургии и обобщению боевого опыта хирургической службы.Список трудов академика С. С. Гирголава содержит более 140 научных работ, которые схематически исследователи разделяют на следующие темы: «Военно-полевая хирургия», «Раны», «Отморожения», «Вопросы частной хирургии», «Травматология», «Асептика и антисептика», «Обезболивание», «Нейрохирургия, эндокринология и онкология», «Учебники и руководства». Профессор В. Г. Вайнштейн (выдающийся советский травматолог-ортопед, работал под руководством С. С. Гирголава) приводит следующие разделы: вопросам всестороннего изучения ран посвящено 38 работ, инфекциям – 17, военно-полевой хирургии – 16, хирургии брюшной и грудной полости – 14, травматологии – 13, проблемам холодовой травмы – 12. Меньшее количество работ – в области урологии, пластической хирургии, асептики и антисептики, сосудистой и оперативной хирургии, истории медицины.В результате научно-исследовательской и педагогической деятельности академиком С. С. Гирголавом создана одна из крупнейших в СССР хирургических школ. Под руководством С. С. Гирголава подготовлено и защищено более 20 докторских и 45 кандидатских диссертаций. За выдающиеся заслуги перед Родиной в мирное и военное время лауреат Сталинской премии, академик, генерал-лейтенант медицинской службы С. С. Гирголав награжден двумя орденами Ленина, тремя орденами Красного Знамени, орденом Трудового Красного Знамени, орденом Красной Звезды, многими медалями и почетными знаками

Costs and Benefits of Labour Mobility between the EU and the Eastern Partnership Partner Countries - Country Report: Armenia

The purpose of this study is to explore and assess the costs and benefits of labour migration in Armenia and the potential of migration for contributing to the country's development. We also examine how policy can be effectively formulated and implemented so that Armenia can get the most out of its migration experience. Lastly, we analyse how a phenomenon that emerged because of limited opportunities for employment - migration - evolved into a strategy towards development and prosperity. Based on this analysis, this paper makes a strong argument in favour of implementing programs in Armenia that involve the active collaboration of government institutions and the Armenian Diaspora, duly considering the unusual influence the latter has on Armenia's economic and human development

Electromagnetic-wave propagation through an array of superconducting qubits: Manifestations of nonequilibrium steady states of qubits

We report a theoretical study of the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EWs) through an array of superconducting qubits, i.e., coherent two-level systems, embedded in a low-dissipation transmission line. We focus on the near-resonant case as the frequency of EWs ω ≃ ωq, where ωq is the qubit frequency. In this limit we derive the effective dynamic nonlinear wave equation allowing one to obtain the frequency-dependent transmission coefficient of EWs, D(ω). In the linear regime and a relatively wide frequency region we obtain a strong resonant suppression of D(ω) in both cases of a single qubit and chains composed of a large number of densely arranged qubits. However, in narrow frequency regions a chain of qubits allows the resonant transmission of EWs with greatly enhanced D(ω). In the nonlinear regime realized for a moderate power of applied microwave radiation, we predict and analyze various transitions between states characterized by high and low values of D(ω). These transitions are manifestations of nonequilibrium steady states of an array of qubits achieved in this regime. ©2019 American Physical Societ

Demographic aspects of human capital development in Russia and its regions

In the article, the current demographic situation that has developed in Russia and can be described as a demographic crisis is analysed. One of its most important characteristics is the negative qualitative changes that occur in the population. Modern information technology contributes a lot to this process. The negative qualitative changes in the population, which have begun in the second half of the 1980s and have increased in present-day Russia, prevent the development of human capital in the country. In addition to that, the authors give their own interpretation of the concept of "human capital". The purpose of the paper is to justify the primacy of the demographic factor in the formation and development of human capital. Migration in the form of a brain drain also has a negative impact on the development of human capital in Russia and its regions. The human development index calculated for the country as a whole and for its regions confirms the above-mentioned. In the paper, the methods of demographic analysis, the demographic indicators and indexes, which can serve to analyse the qualitative characteristics of the population, are utilized. The authors arrive at the conclusion that at the present stage, it is impossible to develop human capital without solving the demographic problems. This is especially true for some regions of Russia. Awareness of this will contribute to the more efficient management of demographic processes, which, in turn, will guarantee the positive development of human capital, strengthening and development of the Russian economy and society as a whole.Проанализирована современная демографическая ситуация, сложившаяся в России, которую можно обозначить как демографический кризис. Дано определение понятия человеческого капитала. Охарактеризована миграция населения как важный компонент развития человеческого капитала

Emigration from Russia: New trends and forms

The subject-matter of this article is migration from Russia. The study deals with current aspects and new forms of emigration. The goal of this paper is to identify new patterns determining the emigration from Russia. The article views the emigration in a broad sense, including, in addition to classic emigration (i.e. leaving the home country for permanent residence in another country), various categories of return migration (labor migration, shuttle traders, seasonal migration, episodic migration, economic tourism, business migration, education abroad, etc.). With the emergence of these new forms and categories, there is a need to clarify the migration concepts. This analysis is built on a broad historical perspective on emigration, which has been a typical phenomenon for Russia over the last three centuries. The article is based on such economic theories, as the human capital theory, new economic theory of migration, Todaro's economic theory of migration and other. In this article, a variety of methods are used, including historical analogy, statistical and mathematical approaches, sociological and econometric models. The article analyzes the patterns of modern emigration from Russia. It also considers certain aspects in the legal regulation of migration processes, with a focus on emigrants, including potential emigrants. In conclusion, the article notes the need for the state control of emigration processes. This means not so much the improvement of statistical records for this group of migrants, but rather specific government measures aimed at providing the state support to these categories of migrants in order to prevent the nonreturn migration. In other words, it is not aimed at banning the emigration (a measure, the adverse effects of which were noted as long ago as by Mikhail Lomonosov), but at providing the state support to these categories of migrants in order to prevent the non-return migration. The findings of this research can be used in improving the migration policy implemented, in particular, by the Federal Migration Service of Russia.Представлен краткий экскурс в истории миграционных потоков из России. Рассмотрены новые формы, категории и правовые вопросы эмиграции.This study has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research as part of research project No. RFFI 16-0600048. "Social paradigm of regional development: selection of priorities and economic transformation"