0-level Vacuum Packaging RT Process for MEMS Resonators

A new Room Temperature (RT) 0-level vacuum package is demonstrated in this work, using amorphous silicon (aSi) as sacrificial layer and SiO2 as structural layer. The process is compatible with most of MEMS resonators and Resonant Suspended-Gate MOSFET [1] fabrication processes. This paper presents a study on the influence of releasing hole dimensions on the releasing time and hole clogging. It discusses mass production compatibility in terms of packaging stress during back-end plastic injection process. The packaging is done at room temperature making it fully compatible with IC-processed wafers and avoiding any subsequent degradation of the active devices.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing

Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy

Background: Other than glycemic control, there are no treatments for diabetic neuropathy. Thus, identifying potentially modifiable risk factors for neuropathy is crucial. We studied risk factors for the development of distal symmetric neuropathy in 1172 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus from 31 centers participating in the European Diabetes (EURODIAB) Prospective Complications Study. Methods: Neuropathy was assessed at baseline (1989 to 1991) and at follow-up (1997 to 1999), with a mean (±SD) follow-up of 7.3±0.6 years. A standardized protocol included clinical evaluation, quantitative sensory testing, and autonomic-function tests. Serum lipids and lipoproteins, glycosylated hemoglobin, and the urinary albumin excretion rate were measured in a central laboratory. Results: At follow-up, neuropathy had developed in 276 of 1172 patients without neuropathy at baseline (23.5 percent). The cumulative incidence of neuropathy was related to the glycosylated hemoglobin value and the duration of diabetes. After adjustment for these factors, we found that higher levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, a higher body-mass index, higher von Willebrand factor levels and urinary albumin excretion rate, hypertension, and smoking were all significantly associated with the cumulative incidence of neuropathy. After adjustment for other risk factors and diabetic complications, we found that duration of diabetes, current glycosylated hemoglobin value, change in glycosylated hemoglobin value during the follow-up period, body-mass index, and smoking remained independently associated with the incidence of neuropathy. Cardiovascular disease at baseline was associated with double the risk of neuropathy, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: This prospective study indicates that, apart from glycemic control, the incidence of neuropathy is associated with potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including a raised triglyceride level, body-mass index, smoking, and hypertension

Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy

Background: Other than glycemic control, there are no treatments for diabetic neuropathy. Thus, identifying potentially modifiable risk factors for neuropathy is crucial. We studied risk factors for the development of distal symmetric neuropathy in 1172 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus from 31 centers participating in the European Diabetes (EURODIAB) Prospective Complications Study. Methods: Neuropathy was assessed at baseline (1989 to 1991) and at follow-up (1997 to 1999), with a mean (±SD) follow-up of 7.3±0.6 years. A standardized protocol included clinical evaluation, quantitative sensory testing, and autonomic-function tests. Serum lipids and lipoproteins, glycosylated hemoglobin, and the urinary albumin excretion rate were measured in a central laboratory. Results: At follow-up, neuropathy had developed in 276 of 1172 patients without neuropathy at baseline (23.5 percent). The cumulative incidence of neuropathy was related to the glycosylated hemoglobin value and the duration of diabetes. After adjustment for these factors, we found that higher levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, a higher body-mass index, higher von Willebrand factor levels and urinary albumin excretion rate, hypertension, and smoking were all significantly associated with the cumulative incidence of neuropathy. After adjustment for other risk factors and diabetic complications, we found that duration of diabetes, current glycosylated hemoglobin value, change in glycosylated hemoglobin value during the follow-up period, body-mass index, and smoking remained independently associated with the incidence of neuropathy. Cardiovascular disease at baseline was associated with double the risk of neuropathy, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: This prospective study indicates that, apart from glycemic control, the incidence of neuropathy is associated with potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including a raised triglyceride level, body-mass index, smoking, and hypertension

A para-differential renormalization technique for nonlinear dispersive equations

For \alpha \in (1,2) we prove that the initial-value problem \partial_t u+D^\alpha\partial_x u+\partial_x(u^2/2)=0 on \mathbb{R}_x\times\mathbb{R}_t; u(0)=\phi, is globally well-posed in the space of real-valued L^2-functions. We use a frequency dependent renormalization method to control the strong low-high frequency interactions.Comment: 42 pages, no figure

Learning 3D Human Pose from Structure and Motion

3D human pose estimation from a single image is a challenging problem, especially for in-the-wild settings due to the lack of 3D annotated data. We propose two anatomically inspired loss functions and use them with a weakly-supervised learning framework to jointly learn from large-scale in-the-wild 2D and indoor/synthetic 3D data. We also present a simple temporal network that exploits temporal and structural cues present in predicted pose sequences to temporally harmonize the pose estimations. We carefully analyze the proposed contributions through loss surface visualizations and sensitivity analysis to facilitate deeper understanding of their working mechanism. Our complete pipeline improves the state-of-the-art by 11.8% and 12% on Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP, respectively, and runs at 30 FPS on a commodity graphics card.Comment: ECCV 2018. Project page: https://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/~rdabral/3DPose

Asymptotic channels and gauge transformations of the time-dependent Dirac equation for extremely relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We discuss the two-center, time-dependent Dirac equation describing the dynamics of an electron during a peripheral, relativistic heavy-ion collision at extreme energies. We derive a factored form, which is exact in the high-energy limit, for the asymptotic channel solutions of the Dirac equation, and elucidate their close connection with gauge transformations which transform the dynamics into a representation in which the interaction between the electron and a distant ion is of short range. We describe the implications of this relationship for solving the time-dependent Dirac equation for extremely relativistic collisions.Comment: 12 pages, RevTeX, 2 figures, submitted to PR

Sensitive methods for estimating the anchoring strength of nematic liquid crystals on Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of fatty acids

The anchoring of the nematic liquid crystal N-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-p-butylaniline (MBBA) on Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of fatty acids (COOHC$_{n}$H$_{2n+1}$) was studied as a function of the length of the fatty acid alkyl chains, $n$ ($n = 15, 17, 19, 21$). The monolayers were deposited onto ITO-coated glass plates which were used to assemble sandwich cells of various thickness that were filled with MBBA in the nematic phase. The mechanism of relaxation from the flow-induced quasi-planar to the surface-induced homeotropic alignment was studied for the four decreases linearly with increasing the length of the alkyl chains $n$ which suggests that the Langmuir-Blodgett film plays a role in the phenomenon. This fact was confirmed by a sensitive estimation of the anchoring strength of MBBA on the fatty acid monolayers after anchoring breaking which takes place at the transition between two electric-field--induced turbulent states, denoted as DSM1 and DSM2. It was found that the threshold electric field for the anchoring breaking, which can be considered as a measure of the anchoring strength, also decreases linearly as $n$ increases. Both methods thus possess a high sensitivity in resolving small differences in anchoring strength. In cells coated with mixed Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of two fatty acids ($n=15$ and $n=17$) a maximum of the relaxation speed was observed when the two acids were present in equal amount. This observation homeotropic cells by changing the ratio between the components of the surfactant film.Comment: LaTeX article, 20 pages, 15 figures, 17 EPS files. 1 figure added, references moved. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

A light-fronts approach to electron-positron pair production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

We perform a gauge-transformation on the time-dependent Dirac equation describing the evolution of an electron in a heavy-ion collision to remove the explicit dependence on the long-range part of the interaction. We solve, in an ultra-relativistic limit, the gauged-transformed Dirac equation using light-front variables and a light-fronts representation, obtaining non-perturbative results for the free pair-creation amplitudes in the collider frame. Our result reproduces the result of second-order perturbation theory in the small charge limit while non-perturbative effects arise for realistic charges of the ions.Comment: 39 pages, Revtex, 7 figures, submitted to PR

Cefalic duodenopancreatectomy with celiac trunk reimplantation

Institutul Clinic Fundeni, Clinica Chirurgie Generală și Transplant Hepatic “Dan Setlacec”, Al XI-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova și cea de-a XXXIII-a Reuniune a Chirurgilor din Moldova „Iacomi-Răzeșu” 27-30 septembrie 2011Prezentare de caz la un pacient cu ampulom vaterian - intraoperator se constată lipsa de flux la nivelul arterei hepatice - se practică duodenopancreatectomie cefalică cu reimplantare de trunchi celiac.Case report pacient with ampular tumor- during surgery we notice lack of flow in the hepatic artery - we practice duodenopancreatectomy with celiac trunk reimplantation

Central bisectionectomy – a feasible alternative for centrally located liver tumors

Clinica de Chirurgie Generală şi Transplant Hepatic, I.C.Fundeni, Bucureşti, România, Al XII-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova cu participare internațională 23-25 septembrie 2015Introducere: Bisectionectomia centrală reprezintă rezecția hepatică a segmentelor 4a, 4b, 5 și 8, definite astfel de sistemul Brisbane. Denumită anterior în diferite feluri (mesohepatectomie, hepatectomie centrală, lobectomie centrală) bisectionectomia centrală este operația de elecție pentru tumorile hepatice situate în segmentele centrale, și este de preferat rezecțiilor hepatice extinse (trisectionectomia dreaptă/stângă) pentru că minimalizează riscul insuficienței hepatice postoperatorii. Prezentare de caz: Pacienta în vârstă de 54 de ani cu dureri în hipocondrul drept, scădere ponderală cca. 8 kg / 2 luni. Bioumoral: AFP, CA 19.9 și ACE – în limite normale / AgHbs, Ac Anti-HBc, Ac Anti-HCV – negative. EDS/EDI – de aspect normal, prezintă la examenul CT o formațiune tumorală hepatică situată central (segmentele 4a, 4b, 5 și 8) ce înglobează VHM, la distanță de bifurcația venei porte. Se practică o bisectionectomie centrală, cu ligaturarea pediculilor vasculari glissonieni drept anterior (seg. 5 și 8) și stâng medial (seg. 4a și 4b). Transecțiunea parenchimului hepatic se efectuează folosindu-se “SONOPET”. Cu evoluție postoperatorie bună, pacienta se externează la 9 zile postoperator. La 6 luni postoperator probele serice AFP – în limite normale, fără semne imagistice de recidivă. Bisectionectomia centrală poate fi realizată atunci când tumora nu invadează pediculii vasculari aferenți parenchimului restant (secțiunea dreaptă posterioara / secțiunea stângă laterală) și presupune doua planuri de secțiune. Concluzii: Bisectionectomia centrală este operația de elecție pentru tumorile hepatice centrale prin care se prezervă cantitatea maxima de parenchim hepatic, minimalizându-se riscul de IHA postoperatorie. Este posibilă în cazuri atent selecționate și necesită experiență în rezecțiile hepatice majore.Introduction: By Brisbane terminology central bisectionectomy is the resection of segments 4a, 4b, 5, and 8 of the liver. Formerly called in different ways (mesohepatectomy, central hepatectomy, central lobectomy) central bisectionectomy is the elective surgery for liver tumors located in central segments (4a, 4b, 5 and 8), with better results than extensive liver resections (right / left trisectionectmy) because it minimizes the risk of postoperative liver failure. Case report: A 54 years old female, presented for right upper quadrant pain, weight loss (8 kg / 2 months); Blood tests: normal AFP; negative Ag Hbs, Ab Anti-HBc, Ab Anti-HCV. UGE/LGE – with a normal aspect; CT scan revealed centrally located liver tumor (segments 4a, 4b, 5, and 8) that includes MHV, away from the portal vein bifurcation. We performed a regulated central bisectionectomy with ligation of vascular pedicles for right anterior section (seg. 5 and 8) and those for left medial section (seg 4a and 4b). With good postoperative course, the patient was discharged in the 9th postoperative day. Six months postoperatively, the patient is good, without tumor relapse signs. Central bisectionectomy can not be performed when the tumor invades the vascular pedicles afferent to remaining parenchyma and requires two planes of transection. Conclusions: Central bisectionectomy is the best choice surgery for centrally located liver tumors which preserves the maximum amount of liver parenchyma thus minimizing the risk of postoperative liver failure