General Overview of Previous Advances on Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) Synthesis by Microorganism Utilizing Different Waste Carbon Sources

This review paper denotes recent advances of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), derived from bacterial fermentation of sugars or lipids. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable polyesters, (PHA) has many hydroxyl groups depend on carbon sources. This study gives overview of recent research dealing with PHA synthesis, utilizing various carbon sources producing biodegradable polymers, degrading of PHA by microorganism to water and carbon dioxide found in soil, sewage and water, therefore, PHA Production increased under salty medium such as sodium chloride, bioplastic was characterized by FTIR, DSC, TGA, and NMR. recent studies on contaminant treatment, tissue engineering and fermentation strategies can give comprehension for researchers to design production of bioplastics from waste carbon sources. Also cost effective PHA synthesis, this review explores beneficial information about the limit affiliate with the tolerable PHA synthesis utilizing different waste carbon sources. various great advances have been generated: different wastes as raw material, various extraction pathways, and meet design of bioplastic. This review paper resumed the scientific and technological improvement of PHA through their discovery in 1888 up to their recent applications and most current commercial utilization

Multi-scale Hybridized Topic Modeling: A Pipeline for Analyzing Unstructured Text Datasets via Topic Modeling

We propose a multi-scale hybridized topic modeling method to find hidden topics from transcribed interviews more accurately and efficiently than traditional topic modeling methods. Our multi-scale hybridized topic modeling method (MSHTM) approaches data at different scales and performs topic modeling in a hierarchical way utilizing first a classical method, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, and then a transformer-based method, BERTopic. It harnesses the strengths of both NMF and BERTopic. Our method can help researchers and the public better extract and interpret the interview information. Additionally, it provides insights for new indexing systems based on the topic level. We then deploy our method on real-world interview transcripts and find promising results

Multi-scale Hybridized Topic Modeling: A Pipeline for Analyzing Unstructured Text Datasets via Topic Modeling

We propose a multi-scale hybridized topic modeling method to find hidden topics from transcribed interviews more accurately and efficiently than traditional topic modeling methods. Our multi-scale hybridized topic modeling method (MSHTM) approaches data at different scales and performs topic modeling in a hierarchical way utilizing first a classical method, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, and then a transformer-based method, BERTopic. It harnesses the strengths of both NMF and BERTopic. Our method can help researchers and the public better extract and interpret the interview information. Additionally, it provides insights for new indexing systems based on the topic level. We then deploy our method on real-world interview transcripts and find promising results

Modulating CFTR expression may limit SHS induced bacterial survival.

<p>(A) Immunoblotting of total protein extracts from RAW264.7 cells treated with VRT-532 (10μM; overnight, a known CFTR corrector and potentiator) or untreated group (control), show slightly higher protein levels of CFTR and reduced NF-κB levels in the treatment group as compared to the controls. β-actin was used as a loading control (n = 3). (B) CFTR and NF- κB protein expression (in 3A) was normalized to β—actin using an Image-J software. The densitometry analysis verifies that VRT-532 treatment can decrease NF-κB protein expression (*p<0.05) as compared to untreated control. (C) RAW264.7 cells were seeded on a 24-well plate and treated overnight with VRT-532 (10μM). Next, these cells were infected with <i>PA01</i>-GFP (MOI 10) and/or treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE; 10%; SHS model) for 150mins. Representative bright field (top) and fluorescent microscopy images (bottom) are shown (magnification 40X, n = 4, white bar = 20μm). (D) CSE treatment (in 3C) significantly (**p<0.01) inhibits bacterial phagocytosis, while VRT-532 is unable to restore SHS impaired phagocytosis. (E) In a separate experiment (as described in 3C), media (100μl) was collected, spread on agar plates, and then incubated overnight at 37°C. CFU counts of the extracellular bacteria (media) indicates that VRT-532 treatment can significantly (*p<0.05) decrease SHS induced bacterial survival. Note, this experiment was done in parallel with <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121200#pone.0121200.g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2E</a> (left panel, Rutin Hydrate), hence control and CSE samples used are common.</p

Transient transfection with WT-CFTR rescues SHS impaired bacterial phagocytosis and limits survival.

<p>(A) RAW264.7 cells were seeded on a 24-well plate and transiently transfected (using Lipofectamine) with pcDNA3.1 control vector or pcDNA3.1-WTCFTR for 48 hours. Cells were infected with <i>PA01</i>-GFP (MOI 10) and/or treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE; 10%; SHS model) for 150 min before microscopy. Representative bright field (top) and fluorescent images (bottom) are shown (magnification 40X, n = 4, white bar = 20μm). (B) Quantification of bacterial phagocytosis (from 4A) shows that transfection with WT-CFTR significantly (*p<0.03) rescues SHS impaired phagocytosis. (C) RAW264.7 cells were treated (as described in 4A) and media (100 μL) was collected and spread on 2% LB agar plates. The plates were incubated overnight at 37°C followed by quantification of bacterial survival by colony forming unit (CFU) counts. Transient transfection with WT-CFTR significantly (*p<0.02) limits bacterial survival in the CSE/SHS treated group, but bacterial survival remains higher than the untreated controls suggesting higher CFTR expression may be needed to limit bacterial burden.</p