Activity of dalotuzumab, a selective anti-IGF1R antibody, in combination with erlotinib in unselected patients with Non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase I/II randomized trial

BACKGROUND: We investigated the safety and antitumor activity of dalotuzumab, a selective anti-insulin growth factor 1 receptor monoclonal antibody (IGF1R MoAb), plus erlotinib in a sequential phase I/II trial in unselected patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).The phase I trial determined the recommended dose and safety of erlotinib plus dalotuzumab at 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg weekly in 20 patients. The phase II trial compared outcomes to erlotinib alone and erlotinib plus dalotuzumab at the mg/kg established in the phase I trial. RESULTS: Erlotinib at 150 mg plus dalotuzumab at 10 mg/kg was safe. The phase II trial included 37 patients in the erlotinib arm and 38 patients in the erlotinib plus dalotuzumab arm. Progression-free survival was 1.6 versus 2.5 months, overall survival was 10.2 and 6.6 months, and the objective response rate was 7.9% and 2.7%, respectively, with no significant differences between the two arms. Grade 3-5 adverse events occurred in 11 (28.9%) versus 13 (35.1%) patients, respectively. The most frequent adverse events were asthenia (36.8% vs. 37.8%), dehydration (5.3% vs. 2.7%), diarrhea (71% vs. 81.1%), hyperglycemia (13.1% vs.18.9%), and skin-related toxicities (92.1% vs. 86.4%). CONCLUSION: The addition of dalotuzumab to erlotinib did not improve efficacy outcome in patients with refractory advanced NSCLC

Assessment of a New ROS1 Immunohistochemistry Clone (SP384) for the Identification of ROS1 Rearrangements in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: the ROSING Study

Introduction: The ROS1 gene rearrangement has become an important biomarker in NSCLC. The College of American Pathologists/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/Association for Molecular Pathology testing guidelines support the use of ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a screening test, followed by confirmation with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or a molecular test in all positive results. We have evaluated a novel anti-ROS1 IHC antibody (SP384) in a large multicenter series to obtain real-world data. Methods: A total of 43 ROS1 FISH-positive and 193 ROS1 FISH-negative NSCLC samples were studied. All specimens were screened by using two antibodies (clone D4D6 from Cell Signaling Technology and clone SP384 from Ventana Medical Systems), and the different interpretation criteria were compared with break-apart FISH (Vysis). FISH-positive samples were also analyzed with next-generation sequencing (Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Results: An H-score of 150 or higher or the presence of at least 70% of tumor cells with an intensity of staining of 2+ or higher by the SP384 clone was the optimal cutoff value (both with 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The D4D6 clone showed similar results, with an H-score of at least 100 (91% sensitivity and 100% specificity). ROS1 expression in normal lung was more frequent with use of the SP384 clone (p < 0.0001). The ezrin gene (EZR)-ROS1 variant was associated with membranous staining and an isolated green signal FISH pattern (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: The new SP384 ROS1 IHC clone showed excellent sensitivity without compromising specificity, so it is another excellent analytical option for the proposed testing algorithm

Activity of dalotuzumab, a selective anti-IGF1R antibody, in combination with erlotinib in unselected patients with Non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase I/II randomized trial

Abstract Background We investigated the safety and antitumor activity of dalotuzumab, a selective anti-insulin growth factor 1 receptor monoclonal antibody (IGF1R MoAb), plus erlotinib in a sequential phase I/II trial in unselected patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).The phase I trial determined the recommended dose and safety of erlotinib plus dalotuzumab at 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg weekly in 20 patients. The phase II trial compared outcomes to erlotinib alone and erlotinib plus dalotuzumab at the mg/kg established in the phase I trial. Results Erlotinib at 150 mg plus dalotuzumab at 10 mg/kg was safe. The phase II trial included 37 patients in the erlotinib arm and 38 patients in the erlotinib plus dalotuzumab arm. Progression-free survival was 1.6 versus 2.5 months, overall survival was 10.2 and 6.6 months, and the objective response rate was 7.9% and 2.7%, respectively, with no significant differences between the two arms. Grade 3-5 adverse events occurred in 11 (28.9%) versus 13 (35.1%) patients, respectively. The most frequent adverse events were asthenia (36.8% vs. 37.8%), dehydration (5.3% vs. 2.7%), diarrhea (71% vs. 81.1%), hyperglycemia (13.1% vs.18.9%), and skin-related toxicities (92.1% vs. 86.4%). Conclusion The addition of dalotuzumab to erlotinib did not improve efficacy outcome in patients with refractory advanced NSCLC

LungBEAM : A prospective multicenter study to monitor stage IV NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations using BEAMing technology

Altres ajuts: Sysmex Inostics GmbH.Objectives: The aim of LungBEAM was to determine the value of a novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation test in blood based on BEAMing technology to predict disease progression in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first- or second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Another goal was to monitor the dynamics of EGFR mutations, as well as to track EGFR exon 20 p.T790M (p.T790M) resistance during treatment, as critical indicators of therapeutic efficacy and patient survival. Methods: Stage IV NSCLC patients with locally confirmed EGFR-TKI sensitizing mutations (ex19del and/or L858R) in biopsy tissue who were candidates to receive first- or second-generation EGFR-TKI as first-line therapy were included. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and every 4 weeks during treatment until a progression-free survival (PFS) event or until study completion (72-week follow-up). The mutant allele fraction (MAF) was determined for each identified mutation using BEAMing. Results: A total of 68 of the 110 (61.8%) patients experienced a PFS event. Twenty-six patients (23.6%) presented with an emergent p.T790M mutation in plasma at some point during follow-up, preceding radiologic progression with a median of 76 (interquartile ratio: 54-111) days. Disease progression correlated with the appearance of p.T790M in plasma with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-2.54; p < 0.001). The HR for progression in patients showing increasing plasma sensitizing mutation levels (positive MAF slope) versus patients showing either decreasing or unchanged plasma mutation levels (negative or null MAF slopes) was 3.85 (95% CI, 2.01-7.36; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Detection and quantification of EGFR mutations in circulating tumor DNA using the highly sensitive BEAMing method should greatly assist in optimizing treatment decisions for advanced NSCLC patients

CXCR7 Reactivates ERK Signaling to Promote Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in NSCLC

Although EGFR mutant-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are clinically effective, acquired resistance can occur by reactivating ERK. We show using in vitro models of acquired EGFR TKI resistance with a mesenchymal phenotype that CXCR7, an atypical G protein-coupled receptor, activates the MAPK-ERK pathway via β-arrestin. Depletion of CXCR7 inhibited the MAPK pathway, significantly attenuated EGFR TKI resistance, and resulted in mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. CXCR7 overexpression was essential in reactivation of ERK1/2 for the generation of EGFR TKI-resistant persister cells. Many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an EGFR kinase domain mutation, who progressed on EGFR inhibitors, demonstrated increased CXCR7 expression. These data suggest that CXCR7 inhibition could considerably delay and prevent the emergence of acquired EGFR TKI resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE: Increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR7 constitutes a mechanism of resistance to EGFR TKI in patients with non-small cell lung cancer through reactivation of ERK signaling

Pretreatment tissue TCR repertoire evenness is associated with complete pathologic response in patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Comunidad de Madrid. Consejería de Ciencia, Universidades e Innovación (PEJD-2019-PRE/BMD-17006).Purpose: Characterization of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire may be a promising source for predictive biomarkers of pathologic response to immunotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Experimental Design: In this study, next-generation TCR sequencing was performed in peripheral blood and tissue samples of 40 patients with NSCLC, before and after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NADIM clinical trial, NCT03081689), considering their complete pathologic response (CPR) or non-CPR. Beyond TCR metrics, tissue clones were ranked by their frequency and spatiotemporal evolution of top 1% clones was determined. Results: We have found a positive association between an uneven TCR repertoire in tissue samples at diagnosis and CPR at surgery. Moreover, TCR most frequently ranked clones (top 1%) present in diagnostic biopsies occupied greater frequency in the total clonal space of CPR patients, achieving an AUC ROC to identify CPR patients of 0.967 (95% confidence interval, 0.897-1.000; P ¼ 0.001), and improving the results of PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS; AUC = 0.767; P = 0.026) or tumor mutational burden (TMB; AUC = 0.550; P = 0.687). Furthermore, tumors with high pretreatment top 1% clonal space showed similar immune cell populations but a higher immune reactive gene expression profile. Finally, the selective expansion of pretreatment tissue top 1% clones in peripheral blood of CPR patients suggests also a peripheral immunosurveillance, which could explain the high survival rate of these patients. Conclusions: We have identified two parameters derived from TCR repertoire analysis that could outperform PD-L1 TPS and TMB as predictive biomarkers of CPR after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, and unraveled possible mechanisms of CPR involving enhanced tumor immunogenicity and peripheral immunosurveillance

Randomized phase III trial of erlotinib versus docetaxel in patients with advanced squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer failing first line platinum-based doublet chemotherapy stratified by Veristrat good versus Veristrat poor. The European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP) EMPHASIS-lung trial

INTRODUCTION Docetaxel and erlotinib are registered second-line treatments for wild-type EGFR NSCLC. Previous studies suggested a predictive value of the Veristrat test in second-line therapy of NSCLC, classifying patients as either Veristrat "good" or "poor". EMPHASIS-lung aimed at exploring this predictive effect in patients with squamous cell NSCLC. The trial closed prematurely due to low accrual and results from other trials. Our analysis includes an exploratory combined analysis with results from the PROSE trial. METHODS EMPHASIS-lung is a randomized phase III multicenter trial exploring the differential activity of second-line erlotinib versus docetaxel on progression-free survival (PFS) in Veristrat good versus poor patients with squamous cell NSCLC. RESULTS A total of 80 patients were randomized, with 72.5% categorized as Veristrat good. Patient characteristics were balanced between Veristrat status and treatment groups. Median PFS under docetaxel and erlotinib in the Veristrat good cohort was 4.1 and 1.6 months respectively, and 1.9 and 2.1 months in the Veristrat poor cohort. Median overall survival (OS) under docetaxel and erlotinib in the Veristrat good cohort was 7.8 and 8.4 and 4.4 and 5.2 months in the Veristrat poor cohort. An additional exploratory analysis was performed, where 47 patients from the squamous cell subgroup of PROSE were included in a combined analysis contributing with 45 PFS and 41 OS events. CONCLUSION The final analysis of EMPHASIS-lung did not show differential activity on PFS for erlotinib versus docetaxel stratified by Veristrat status. Similarly, in the combined analysis, no significant treatment by Veristrat status interaction was observed (interaction P=0.24 for PFS and 0.45 for OS, stratified by study)

Assessment of a New ROS1 Immunohistochemistry Clone (SP384) for the Identification of ROS1 Rearrangements in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: the ROSING Study

Introduction: The ROS1 gene rearrangement has become an important biomarker in NSCLC. The College of American Pathologists/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/Association for Molecular Pathology testing guidelines support the use of ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a screening test, followed by confirmation with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or a molecular test in all positive results. We have evaluated a novel anti-ROS1 IHC antibody (SP384) in a large multicenter series to obtain real-world data. Methods: A total of 43 ROS1 FISH-positive and 193 ROS1 FISH-negative NSCLC samples were studied. All specimens were screened by using two antibodies (clone D4D6 from Cell Signaling Technology and clone SP384 from Ventana Medical Systems), and the different interpretation criteria were compared with break-apart FISH (Vysis). FISH-positive samples were also analyzed with next-generation sequencing (Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Results: An H-score of 150 or higher or the presence of at least 70% of tumor cells with an intensity of staining of 2+ or higher by the SP384 clone was the optimal cutoff value (both with 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The D4D6 clone showed similar results, with an H-score of at least 100 (91% sensitivity and 100% specificity). ROS1 expression in normal lung was more frequent with use of the SP384 clone (p < 0.0001). The ezrin gene (EZR)-ROS1 variant was associated with membranous staining and an isolated green signal FISH pattern (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: The new SP384 ROS1 IHC clone showed excellent sensitivity without compromising specificity, so it is another excellent analytical option for the proposed testing algorithm