Undercover EUV Solar Jets Observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph

It is well-known that extreme ultraviolet emission emitted at the solar surface is absorbed by overlying cool plasma. Especially in active regions dark lanes in EUV images suggest that much of the surface activity is obscured. Simultaneous observations from IRIS, consisting of UV spectra and slit-jaw images give vital information with sub-arcsecond spatial resolution on the dynamics of jets not seen in EUV images. We studied a series of small jets from recently formed bipole pairs beside the trailing spot of active region 11991, which occurred on 2014 March 5 from 15:02:21 UT to 17:04:07 UT. There were collimated outflows with bright roots in the SJI 1400 {\AA} (transition region) and 2796 {\AA} (upper chromosphere) that were mostly not seen in AIA 304 {\AA} (transition region) and AIA 171 \AA\ (lower corona) images. The Si IV spectra show strong blue-wing but no red-wing enhancements in the line profiles of the ejecta for all recurrent jets indicating outward flows without twists. We see two types of Mg II line profiles produced by the jets spires: reversed and non-reversed. Mg II lines remain optically thick but turn into optically thin in the highly Doppler shifted wings.The energy flux contained in each recurrent jet is estimated using a velocity differential emission measure technique which measures the emitting power of the plasma as a function of line-of-sight velocity. We found that all the recurrent jets release similar energy (10$^8$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ ) toward the corona and the downward component is less than 3\%.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 6 fiugre

EIS/Hinode observations of Doppler flow seen through the 40 arcsec wide slit

The Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board Hinode is the first solar telescope to obtain wide slit spectral images that can be used for detecting Doppler flows in transition region and coronal lines on the Sun and to relate them to their surrounding small scale dynamics. We select EIS lines covering the temperature range 6x10^4 K to 2x10^6 K that give spectrally pure images of the Sun with the 40 arcsec slit. In these images Doppler shifts are seen as horizontal brightenings. Inside the image it is difficult to distinguish shifts from horizontal structures but emission beyond the image edge can be unambiguously identified as a line shift in several lines separated from others on their blue or red side by more than the width of the spectrometer slit (40 pixels). In the blue wing of He II, we find a large number of events with properties (size and lifetime) similar to the well-studied explosive events seen in the ultraviolet spectral range. Comparison with X-Ray Telescope (XRT) images shows many Doppler shift events at the footpoints of small X-ray loops. The most spectacular event observed showed a strong blue shift in transition region and lower corona lines from a small X-ray spot that lasted less than 7 min. The emission appears to be near a cool coronal loop connecting an X-ray bright point to an adjacent region of quiet Sun. The width of the emission implies a line-of-sight velocity of 220 km/s. In addition, we show an example of an Fe XV shift with a velocity about 120 km/s, coming from what looks like a narrow loop leg connecting a small X-ray brightening to a larger region of X-ray emission.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Solar Physic

Application of the Van\u27t Hoff Equation to Adsorption Equilibria

Isothermal adsorption data for many gases and vapors on charcoal and other adsorbents have been shown by various investigators (1), (2), (3), (4), to agree satisfactorily with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, except for deviations, possibly due to multilayer adsorption, as the pressure of the saturated vapor is approached. The Langmuir equation is derived on the hypothesis of a unimolecular adsorbed layer. The rate of adsorption, assumed proportional to the pressure p and the fraction of the surface unoccupied, (1 - ϑ), is equated to the rate of desorption which is assumed proportional to the fraction of the surface covered, ϑ, giving the equation below

Measurement of Adsorption Isotherms for Mixed Vapors

A great deal of work has been done in the measurement of adsorption isotherms of pure gases and vapors, but very little of the measurement of adsorption isotherms of mixed gases or vapors and much of this has been unintentional, being due to impurities in the adsorbate. Papers dealing with measurements of this type include those of Richardson and Woodhouse (2) and Bakr and King. (3) The method of Bakr and King has the objection that each experiment yields an isolated value. Richardson\u27s and Woodhouse’s method requires extensive gas analysis and yields an isotherm in which the composition of the adsorbate changes

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERGANTIAN AUDITOR PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR KEUANGAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This research aims to understand and analyze the impact of audit delays, financial distress, and management turnover on auditor switching of financial companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. The data analysis method used is deskriptif statistics and logistic regression analysis using the SPSS 25 program. The study population is 45 companies. The sample selection method uses purposive sampling, and as many as 11 companies have been obtained from 2016 to 2020. The type of data used in the study is second-hand data in the form of company financial statements. The results of this research partly show that the significant impact of audit delay on auditors switching is 0.016<0.05, financial distress has no effect on auditors switching is 0,444>0,05. while the impact of management turnover on the auditor switching is not significant, that is, 0.110>0.05. The results of this research also show that audit delays, Financial distress and management turnover have a significant impact on auditor switching, with a significant value of 0.039 <0.05.    This research aims to understand and analyze the impact of audit delays, financial distress, and management turnover on auditor switching of financial companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. The data analysis method used is deskriptif statistics and logistic regression analysis using the SPSS 25 program. The study population is 45 companies. The sample selection method uses purposive sampling, and as many as 11 companies have been obtained from 2016 to 2020. The type of data used in the study is second-hand data in the form of company financial statements. The results of this research partly show that the significant impact of audit delay on auditors switching is 0.016<0.05, financial distress has no effect on auditors switching is 0,444>0,05. while the impact of management turnover on the auditor switching is not significant, that is, 0.110>0.05. The results of this research also show that audit delays, Financial distress and management turnover have a significant impact on auditor switching, with a significant value of 0.039 <0.05.   Keyword: Auditor swiching, Audit delay, Financial distress and Manegement turnove

Translocations of North Island kokako, 1981-2011

The North Island kokako (Callaeas wilsoni) is a threatened endemic passerine whose distribution has declined greatly on the New Zealand mainland due primarily to predation by ship rats (Rattus rattus) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). It persists in 21 populations, of which 10 (48%) have been established by translocation, and 1 has been supplemented by translocation. Of the 11 populations subject to translocation, 4 are on islands and the remainder are on the mainland; 7 translocations have resulted in successful new or supplemented populations and another 4 translocations are in progress. Translocations to another 5 sites did not establish breeding populations for various reasons. In total, there were 94 translocations of 286 kokako to the 16 sites, and the number released at a site averaged 18 (range 3-33) birds. Kokako were released at a site over an average period of 49 months (range 1-159 months) with a mean of 3 birds (maximum 10) released per day. The small numbers of kokako released and the long time required to complete a translocation were due to the difficulty and high expense of catching kokako. Translocations will continue to be important for the conservation of this species, to establish further new populations and to limit inbreeding depression and allele loss in existing populations

Objective measurement of cough frequency during COPD exacerbation convalescence

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cough and sputum production are associated with adverse outcomes in COPD and are common during COPD exacerbation (AE-COPD). This study of objective cough monitoring using the Hull Automated Cough Counter and Leicester Cough Monitor software confirms that this system has the ability to detect a significant decrease in cough frequency during AE-COPD convalescence. The ability to detect clinically meaningful change indicates a potential role in home monitoring of COPD patients