Efficient Coordination in Weakest-Link Games

Existing experimental research on behavior in weakest-link games shows overwhelmingly the inability of people to coordinate on the efficient equilibrium, especially in larger groups. We hypothesize that people are able to coordinate on efficient outcomes, provided they have sufficient freedom to choose their interaction neighborhood. We conduct experiments with medium sized and large groups and show that neighborhood choice indeed leads to coordination on the fully efficient equilibrium, irrespective if group size. This leads to substantial welfare effects. Achieved welfare is between 40 and 60 percent higher in games with neighborhood choice than without neighborhood choice. We identify exclusion as the simple but very effective mechanism underlying this result. In early rounds, high performers exclude low performers who in consequence 'learn' to become high performers.efficient coordination, weakest-link, minimum effort, neighborhood choice, experiment

Efficient Coordination in Weakest-Link Games

Existing experimental research on behavior in weakest-link games shows overwhelmingly theinability of people to coordinate on the efficient equilibrium, especially in larger groups. Wehypothesize that people will be able to coordinate on efficient outcomes, provided they havesufficient freedom to choose their interaction neighborhood. We conduct experiments with mediumsized and large groups and show that neighborhood choice indeed leads to coordination on the fullyefficient equilibrium, irrespective of group size. This leads to substantial welfare effects.Achieved welfare is between 40 and 60 percent higher in games with neighborhood choice thanwithout neighborhood choice. We identify exclusion as the simple but very effective mechanismunderlying this result. In early rounds, high performers exclude low performers who in consequence‘learn’ to become high performers.microeconomics ;

Efficient Coordination in Weakest-Link Games

Existing experimental research on behavior in weakest-link games shows overwhelmingly the inability of people to coordinate on the efficient equilibrium, especially in larger groups. We hypothesize that people will be able to coordinate on efficient outcomes, provided they have sufficient freedom to choose their interaction neighborhood. We conduct experiments with medium sized and large groups and show that neighborhood choice indeed leads to coordination on the fully efficient equilibrium, irrespective of group size. This leads to substantial welfare effects. Achieved welfare is between 40 and 60 percent higher in games with neighborhood choice than without neighborhood choice. We identify exclusion as the simple but very effective mechanism underlying this result. In early rounds, high performers exclude low performers who in consequence ‘learn’ to become high performers.efficient coordination, weakest-link, minimum effort, neighborhood choice, experiment

Generative AI in Undergraduate Information Technology Education -- Insights from nine courses

The increasing use of digital teaching and emerging technologies, particularly AI-based tools, such as ChatGPT, is presenting an inevitable and significant impact on higher education. The capability of processing and generating text could bring change to several areas, such as learning assessments or learning experiences. Besides the negative impact, i.e exam cheating, we also see a positive side that ChatGPT can bring to education. This research article aims to contribute to the current debate on ChatGPT by systematic reflection and experience reported from nine bachelor IT courses at a Norwegian university. We conducted inductive empirical research with reflective notes and focused groups of lecturers from nine different IT courses. The findings were thematically organized with numerous use cases in teaching IT subjects. Our discussion highlights the disruptive implications of AI assistant usage in higher education and emphasizes the need for educators to shape this transformation

ESTANDARIZACIÓN DE PROTOCOLOS PARA LA EXTRACCIÓN DE ADN CROMOSÓMICO EN CEPAS DE colletotrichum gloeosporioides AISLADOS EN PLANTAS DE MANGO (Mangifera indica l.).

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz & Sacc. is responsible for anthracnose in mango, a disease that affects all aerial parts of the plant, causing losses of up to 12 % of production. Microbial identification and characterization is important for determining prevention and pathogen control measure in plantations. This research aimed to standardize protocols for isolation of genomic DNA in strains of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz & Sacc., to ensure quality and concentration for future molecular studies in different representatives of this fungal species. Isolation of genomic DNA was performed by three methods: CTAB Doyle y Doyle (1990); Kuramane-Izioka (1997) with modifications and CTAB California modified by Ramirez et al., (2004) combined with NucleoSpin commercial reagent kits. The quality of the DNA obtained was tested by absorbance measurement at 260 and 280nm. The first method was not effective while the other methods yielded were obtained with genomic DNA with the appropriate concentrations for molecular research on the species. Modifications to the Kuramane-Izioka (1997) method, contributed to its effectiveness. The California CTAB method modified by Ramirez et al. (2004) constitutes the first report of its use for representatives of the Fungi kingdom.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz & Sacc. es la especie responsable de la antracnosis en el mango; esta enfermedad afecta toda la parte aérea de la planta, produciendo pérdidas hasta de 12% de la producción. La identificación y caracterización microbiana es importante para la toma de medidas de prevención y control del patógeno en plantaciones. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo estandarizar  protocolos de aislamiento de ADN genómico en cepas de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz & Sacc., que garantice calidad y concentración para futuros trabajos moleculares en diferentes representantes de esta especie fúngica. El aislamiento de ADN genómico se realizó por  tres metodologías: CTAB Doyle y Doyle (1990), Kuramane-Izioka (1997) con modificaciones y CTAB California modificado por Ramírez et al., (2004) conjugadas con juegos de reactivos comerciales NucleoSpin. La calidad del ADN obtenido fue comprobada por absorbancia medida a 260 y 280nm.  El primero de los métodos no resultó efectivo mientras que con los otros se obtuvo ADN genómico con la calidad y concentraciones adecuadas para investigaciones  moleculares con la especie. Las modificaciones realizadas al método Kuramane-Izioka (1997), contribuyeron a la efectividad del mismo. El método CTAB California modificado por Ramírez et al., (2004) constituye el primer informe de su uso para representantes del reino Fungi

CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA, CULTURAL Y PATOGÉNICA DE AISLADOS DE colletotrichum sp. PRODUCIENDO ANTRACNOSIS EN MANGO (mangifera indica L.).

La antracnosis es considerada la principal enfermedad fúngica que afecta al mango. Causa considerables daños en las hojas, las flores y los frutos. Los hongos filamentosos del género Colletotrichum y su teleomorfo Glomerella son considerados los patógenos de plantas más ampliamente distribuidos a nivel mundial, causantes de esta enfermedad. En esta investigación se obtuvieron 22 aislados del género Colletotrichum de diferentes localidades de la región occidental país, en seis variedades de mango. La caracterización cultural fue diversa en el crecimiento de colonias en PDA, con presencia y ausencia de exudaciones a diferentes temperaturas, siendo los 24 grados la óptima para el crecimiento. La fase sexual observada en algunos aislados muestra pocos peritecios. La concentración de conidios varió entre 107 y 105 medidos Cámara de Neubauer mientras los apresorios y conidios están dentro de los rangos para la especie Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes. La variabilidad en la patogenicidad mostró que todas las especies de mangos investigadas son susceptibles al microorganismo. El análisis estadístico arroja el agrupamiento de los aislados por localidad con características patogénicas similares.// Anthracnose is considered the main fungal disease affects mango. Cause considerable damage to leave, flowers and fruits. The filamentous fungi of the genus Colletotrichum and its teleomorph Glomerella pathogens are considered the most widely distributed plants worldwide, causing this disease. In this investigation were obtained 22 isolates of Colletotrichum from different localities of the country western region, in six varieties of mango. Cultural characterization was varied in the growth of colonies on PDA, with presence and absence of exudation at different temperatures, 24 degrees being optimal for growth. The observed in isolated sexual stage shows few perithecia. Conidia concentration ranged between 107 and 105 measured Neubauer chamber while appresoria and conidia are within the ranges for the species Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Variability in pathogenicity showed that all species investigated wizards are susceptible to microorganism. The statistical analysis shows the grouping of isolates by locality with similar pathogenic characteristics