How What We See and What We Know Influence Iconic Gesture Production

In face-to-face communication, speakers typically integrate information acquired through different sources, including what they see and what they know, into their communicative messages. In this study, we asked how these different input sources influence the frequency and type of iconic gestures produced by speakers during a communication task, under two degrees of task complexity. Specifically, we investigated whether speakers gestured differently when they had to describe an object presented to them as an image or as a written word (input modality) and, additionally, when they were allowed to explicitly name the object or not (task complexity). Our results show that speakers produced more gestures when they attended to a picture. Further, speakers more often gesturally depicted shape information when attended to an image, and they demonstrated the function of an object more often when they attended to a word. However, when we increased the complexity of the task by forbidding speakers to name the target objects, these patterns disappeared, suggesting that speakers may have strategically adapted their use of iconic strategies to better meet the task’s goals. Our study also revealed (independent) effects of object manipulability on the type of gestures produced by speakers and, in general, it highlighted a predominance of molding and handling gestures. These gestures may reflect stronger motoric and haptic simulations, lending support to activation-based gesture production accounts

Complicaciones obstétricas y/o perinatales asociadas a intervalos intergenésicos en el Hospital Regional del IESS Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de la ciudad de Guayaquil, durante el periodo de junio 2014 a junio 2015.

Establecer la frecuencia de las complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales asociadas a intervalos intergenésicos en el Hospital Regional del IESS Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analítico realizado en el servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo (IESS), de la ciudad de Guayaquil durante el periodo de junio de 2014 a junio de 2015, donde se evalúa al periodo intergenésico como factor de riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales. Se incluyen gestantes 15-50 años, con diagnóstico de embarazo de alto riesgo, con al menos un embarazo previo y cuyo trabajo de parto fue atendido durante el período mencionado. Resultados: un total de 260 pacientes fueron analizadas, la edad materna promedio fue 31±5.74, el promedio de período intergenésico en meses fue 58.8±48.35. La cesárea fue la forma más frecuente de culminación de embarazo (63.1%). Las pacientes con PIG corto presentaron complicaciones obstétricas: RPM (11.4%), Aborto y Oligohidramnios (7.1%), mientras que las perinatales fueron Bajo peso al nacer ( 21.4%), Prematuridad (12.9%); en pacientes con PIG prolongado, las complicaciones obstétricas más frecuentes fueron: RPM y distocia de presentación (ambas 11.8%), diabetes gestacional (11.69), preeclampsia severa (7.3%); mientras que las perinatales fueron Bajo peso al nacer (15.5%), y Prematuridad (12.7%). Conclusiones: Mediante la realización de este estudio se determinó que las complicaciones asociadas a los periodos intergenésicos, ya sea cortos o prolongados, surgen en similares frecuencias y por tanto no se ha establecido que éstos representen un factor de riesgo para su aparición

Modélisation du comportement mécanique d’artères carotides communes humaines in vivo

A partir de mesures non invasives cliniques sur des sujets humains, nous proposons un nouveau modèle de comportement mécanique 3D d'artères carotides communes qui tient compte du caractère hyperélastique, composite, actif, précontraint et dynamique du tissu biologique. Le problème aux limites est résolu par une méthode semi-analytique, ce qui permet d’obtenir une évaluation des cinématiques de déformation et des distributions de contraintes pariétales de la structure artérielle in vivo au cours d’un cycle cardiaque

Fourteen sequence variants that associate with multiple sclerosis discovered by meta-analysis informed by genetic correlations

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesA meta-analysis of publicly available summary statistics on multiple sclerosis combined with three Nordic multiple sclerosis cohorts (21,079 cases, 371,198 controls) revealed seven sequence variants associating with multiple sclerosis, not reported previously. Using polygenic risk scores based on public summary statistics of variants outside the major histocompatibility complex region we quantified genetic overlap between common autoimmune diseases in Icelanders and identified disease clusters characterized by autoantibody presence/absence. As multiple sclerosis-polygenic risk scores captures the risk of primary biliary cirrhosis and vice versa (P = 1.6 x 10(-7), 4.3 x 10(-9)) we used primary biliary cirrhosis as a proxy-phenotype for multiple sclerosis, the idea being that variants conferring risk of primary biliary cirrhosis have a prior probability of conferring risk of multiple sclerosis. We tested 255 variants forming the primary biliary cirrhosis-polygenic risk score and found seven multiple sclerosis-associating variants not correlated with any previously established multiple sclerosis variants. Most of the variants discovered are close to or within immune-related genes. One is a low-frequency missense variant in TYK2, another is a missense variant in MTHFR that reduces the function of the encoded enzyme affecting methionine metabolism, reported to be dysregulated in multiple sclerosis brain.Swedish Research Council Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation AFA Foundation Swedish Brain Foundatio

Dunnicaer, Aberdeenshire, Scotland : a Roman Iron Age promontory fort beyond the frontier

Acknowledgements Thanks to Dunecht Estate for granting permission to access and investigate Dunnicaer. Duncan Paterson of North-east Mountaineering very ably got the team up on top and ensured our safety at all times. Many thanks to the brave diggers Michael Stratigos, Claire Christie, Vanessa Rees, Rob Lenfert, Oskar Sveinbjarnarson, Grace Woolmer, Anni Tolppanen, John Graham, Victoria Wilson, Katie South, Juudit Gross, Scott White, Gemma Cruickshanks, John Harrison, Sarah Elliot, Jeff Oliver and Juliette Mitchell (and Duncan). Bruce Mann and Caroline Palmer kindly provided scans of aerial photographs of Dunnicaer from the Aberdeenshire SMR records. The project was funded by Don and Elizabeth Cruickshank through the University of Aberdeen Development Trust, by Aberdeenshire Council and through grant funding from the Strathmartine Trust.Peer reviewedPostprin

Locoregional treatments for digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: A systematic review

The management of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis is difficult. While the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) guidelines clearly defined the use of systemic therapies for digital ulcers, little is known about the efficacy of locoregional treatments. The aim of this review is to systematically assess the spectrum of published locoregional therapies for digital ulcers. A total of 58 studies were included. Among the different locoregional treatment strategies descri-bed, injections of fat-derived cells and botulinum toxin showed promising results in the reduction of pain and the number of digital ulcers. By contrast, this review found that sympathectomy yielded disappointing re-sults, with low rates of effectiveness and frequent recurrence. For other treatments, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, phototherapy (ultraviolet A), low-level light therapy, intermittent compression, Waon therapy, extracorporeal shockwave, vitamin E gel, and topical dimethyl sulphoxide, the conflicting results or limited published data reflected the low level of evi-dence. Larger randomized clinical trials are required to confirm the validity of promising techniques