Comentarios al artículo Anestesia en tumores supratentoriales, publicado en la ReAR, Volumen 15, Nº 3, 2023 https://doi.org/10.30445/rear.v15i5.1145

The purpose of a comment is to draw attention to one or several aspects of an article published in the ReaR journal, with the aim of arousing the interest of the reader and bringing them closer to a critical reflection that adds value to the medical literature. It can also serve to show new and challenging ideas based on scientific evidence.We publish below, with the authorization of the author, the comments that were made on her day about the article:Rodríguez Contreras, R., Vega Salvador, A., Reche Navarro, E., & Estévez Santiago, J. (2023). Anesthesia in supratentorial tumors. Electronic Journal AnestesiaR, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.30445/rear.v15i5.1145The Editorial Team is not responsible for the points of view and opinions expressed by the authors.La finalidad de un comentario es llamar la atención sobre uno o varios aspectos de un artículo publicado en la revista ReaR, con el objetivo de despertar el interés del lector y acercarlo a una reflexión crítica que añada valor a la literatura médica. También puede servir para mostrar ideas nuevas y desafiantes basadas en la evidencia científica. Publicamos a continuación, con la autorización de la autora, los comentarios que se realizaron en su día sobre el artículo: Rodríguez Contreras, R., Vega Salvador, A., Reche Navarro, E., & Estévez Santiago, J. (2023). Anestesia en tumores supratentoriales. Revista Electrónica AnestesiaR, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.30445/rear.v15i5.1145 El Equipo editorial no se hace responsable de los puntos de vista y opiniones expresadas por los autores

Dimensional study of prostate cancer using stereological tools

This study analyzes the dimensional changes of the glands from prostate cancer by applying stereology to estimate the variations in volume, length, surface, and cellular densities of tumor acini. Normal and tumor acini were visualized using immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin18. On immunostained sections, parameters related to the dimensions and cell population of prostate acini were measured. The immunohistochemical expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen was also measured to correlate the quantitative changes estimated with the proliferative activity of the epithelium. The average cell volume in normal and tumor epithelium was estimated using the method of the nucleator. The relative size of the acini was similar in the carcinoma compared with the normal prostate. Within the acini, the fraction of acinar volume occupied by the epithelium was significantly higher in cancer than in the nontumor prostate. Conversely, the glandular lumen of the cancer acini is lower than in the normal acini. The significant increase of acinar length density in the carcinoma indicates that the glandular tree's growth in the carcinoma is higher and with more branches than in the case of nonneoplastic glands. The basal surface density is higher in the carcinoma than in the controls. The number of epithelial cells per unit length of acini was significantly decreased in the neoplastic glands. This "dilution" of the cell population along the cancer acinus can be explained by the significant increase in the tumor cell's mean cell volum

Recomendaciones –guía– en la lesión aguda medular intraoperatoria en cirugía correctora del raquis

Producción CientíficaEl objetivo del tratamiento quirúrgico para la escoliosis, cifosis y otro tipo de deformidades del raquis es la fusión de las vértebras para que la columna vertebral no pueda curvarse. Se colocan implantes metálicos (barras, tornillos, alambres, placas, etc.), para mantener el raquis mientras las vértebras se fusionan. La artrodesis vertebral se potencia con injerto (autogénico y/o alogénico) de hueso. El abordaje quirúrgico puede ser posterior, anterior o combinación de ambos. La cirugía toracoscópica se puede utilizar en el abordaje anterior del raquis dorsal. La cirugía correctora del raquis en pediatría y adultos es un procedimiento prolongado (en general más de 4 horas), tiene las complicaciones potenciales de la cirugía mayor (hemorragia grave, hipotermia, infección, embolismo graso o aéreo, hipotensión arterial, etc.)1,2 y entre las patrimoniales, las neurológicas (plejia, paresia) son las más catastróficas3,

Efecto de la prolactina sobre la cantidad y distribución de las células neuroendocrinas y sobre la inervación peptidérgica en la próstata de ratas normales y castradas

Tesis doctoral inédita leida en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Morfología. Fecha de lectura: 20 de Julio de 200

Quantification of the heterogeneity of cytokeratin 18 immunoexpression in prostate adenocarcinoma and normal prostate: Global and local features

There are few studies comparing global versus local changes in spatial patterns in prostate cancer. In this study, stereological tools have been applied to find out if the cytokeratin18 (ck18) immunoexpression shows local changes in cancer compared to normal prostate. To verify if these changes are relevant to ascertain differences between normal (CTR) and cancer (Ca) cases, several parameters were estimated. Volume fraction of epithelium immunostained for ck18 (VV ck18), dispersion index of VV ck18, positional variance of VV ck18, and multiscale entropy analysis (MSE) to measure the tissue heterogeneity. The MSE values showing significant differences between CTR and Ca were employed in a discriminant analysis to determine if MSE was able to classify the cases in CTR and Ca groups. The findings obtained indicate that changes in the expression of ck18 by the cancer prostate are heterogeneous. The increase in local variability of ck18 immunoexpression can be related to the increase in heterogeneity of shape and size of the tumor acini. The asymmetry of distribution of the local values of VV ck18 along the axis of the space series may indicate the existence of anisotropy in the distribution of tumor acini. The increase in scale-dependent entropy for VV ck18 in cancer at the morphological level could be interpreted as the macroscopic expression of the same increase at the molecular level already described. The discriminant analysis shows that the dependence on the resolution for MSE values need to be taken into account to characterize the prostate cancer bette

STEREOLOGIC ESTIMATION OF KI-67, CASPASE 3 AND GSTP1 POSITIVE CELLS IN PROSTATE LESIONS

Cell proliferation, caspase 3 and pi-form of glutathione S transferase (GSTP1) were evaluated in prostate carcinoma (PCA), proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Forty biopsies were classified as: without morphological lesions (controls: CTR), PIA, PIN and PCA. Ki67, caspase3 and GSTP1 were immunostained. The following estimates were performed: Numerical densities of Ki67+ cells (NVEPKi67), of all epithelial cells (NVEPtotal) and of GSTP1+ cells (NVEPGSTP1); labelling index for Ki67 (LIKi67); volume fraction to caspase 3 positive tissue (VVcaspase 3) and of GSTP1 positive tissue (VVGSTP1). ANOVA was performed to compare the groups. NVEPtotal and NVEPKi67 were increased in PIA. LIKi67 was only increased in PCA. VVcaspase 3 was decreased in PIN and PCA. VVEGSTP1 was decreased in PCA. In our results PIA lacks the characteristics of a premalignant lesion. The result may be explained by the use of unbiased quantitative methods, the inadequate definition of PIA and the scarce inflammation observed in the samples with PIA included in this study