Small Band Gap Polymers Synthesized via a Modified Nitration of 4,7-Dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole

The nitration of 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole was modified by using CF3SO3H and HNO3 as the nitrating agent, and the related yield was improved greatly. On the basis of this improvement, two new small band gap polymers, P1TPQ and P3TPQ, were developed. Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on P3TPO and [6,6]-phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester exhibit interesting results with a power conversion efficiency of 21% and photoresponse up to 1.1 mu

An optical spacer is no panacea for light collection in organic solar cells

The role of an optical spacer layer has been examined by optical simulations of organic solar cells with various bandgaps. The simulations have been performed with the transfer matrix method and the finite element method. The results show that no beneficial effect can be expected by adding an optical spacer to a solar cell with an already optimized active layer thickness. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.B. Viktor Andersson, David M. Huang, Adam J. Moulé and Olle Inganä

Complete sequencing of TP53 predicts poor response to systemic therapy of advanced breast cancer

TP53 has been implicated in regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis. We studied, in primary breast tumors through direct cDNA sequencing of exons 2-11, whether TP53 gene mutations can predict response in patients with advanced disease to either first-line tamoxifen therapy (202 patients, of whom 55% responded) or up-front (poly)chemotherapy (41 patients, of whom 46% responded). TP53 mutations were detected in 90 of 243 (37%) tumors, and one-fourth of these mutations resulted in a premature termination of the protein. The mutations were observed in 32% (65 of 202) of the primary tumors of tamoxifen-treated patients and in 61% (25 of 41) of the primary tumors of the chemotherapy patients. TP53 mutation was significantly associated with a poor response to tamoxifen [31% versu

High‐Performance Ta2O5/Al‐Doped Ag Electrode for Resonant Light Harvesting in Efficient Organic Solar Cells

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113744/1/aenm201500768.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113744/2/aenm201500768-sup-0001-S1.pd

Status report on emerging photovoltaics

\ua9 2023 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).This report provides a snapshot of emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies. It consists of concise contributions from experts in a wide range of fields including silicon, thin film, III-V, perovskite, organic, and dye-sensitized PVs. Strategies for exceeding the detailed balance limit and for light managing are presented, followed by a section detailing key applications and commercialization pathways. A section on sustainability then discusses the need for minimization of the environmental footprint in PV manufacturing and recycling. The report concludes with a perspective based on broad survey questions presented to the contributing authors regarding the needs and future evolution of PV

Geometry, electronic structure and polymer-dopant interaction in conjugated polymers: Thermochromism and thermal undoping in poly(alkylthiophenes)

499-505The present understanding and modelling of thermochromism and solvatochromism of neutral poly(3-alkylthiophenes), as well as temperature induced loss of doping in the doped polymers are reviewed. The importance of conformational flexibility in conjugated polymers is highlighted. Routes towards the stabilisation of the doped state using control of free volume are described