5 research outputs found

    Botaničko podrijetlo peludi na paŔi mandarine u dolini Neretve

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    Delta rijeke Neretve s gotovo monokulturnim nasadima mandarine unshiu (Citrus unshiu Marc.) je jedno od tri najsjevernija nasada u svijetu na kojem se komercijalno uzgajaju agrumi. Poznato je da je za normalan razvoj pčelinje zajednice potrebno osigurati dodatne količine peludi, međutim određene vrste agruma, a u koje spada mandarina unshiu imaju sterilne praÅ”nike. Kako do sada u Hrvatskoj joÅ” nisu provedena istraživanja vezana za utvrđivanje botaničkog podrijetla peludnog tereta, stoga bi ono predstavljalo važan doprinos u utvrđivanju biljnih vrsta koje pčele pohađaju za vrijeme paÅ”e mandarine. Istraživanje je bilo provedeno tijekom paÅ”e mandarine unshiu u dolini Neretve na pčelinjoj zajednici sive pčele (Apis mellifera carnica Poll., 1879). Pelud je prikupljana vanjskim skupljačem dva puta dnevno i to u jutarnjim (8:00-13:00) i popodnevnim (13:00-18:00) satima tijekom 2014. i 2015. godine te jednom dnevno 2016. godine. U 2014. godini najveći udio peludnog tereta tijekom jutarnjih sati, odnosio se na dvogodiÅ”nji dimak (100,00 %), dok je u poslijepodnevnim satima prevladavao peludni teret klupčastog roÅ”ca (0,55 - 73,99 %), vlasnatog buÅ”ina (53,00 %) i česmine (19,35 ā€“ 48,52 %). U 2015. godini najveći se udio peludnog tereta tijekom jutarnjih sati odnosio na naranču (81,19 %), grejp (13,51 %) i pelud česmine (4,92% ), dok je u popodnevnim satima također najveći udio imao peludni teret naranče (99,62 %). U 2016. godini na lokaciji UŔće prevladavao je peludni teret naranče (33,54 ā€“ 71,81 %) , česmine (3,28 ā€“ 53,33 %) i grejpa (2,64 ā€“ 76,30 %), dok je na lokaciji Buk-Vlaka prevladavao peludni teret naranče (35,36 ā€“ 99,01 %), pastirske torbice (0,61 ā€“ 53,24 %) i klementine (0,60 ā€“ 35,12 %). Relativno niža prosječna temperatura zraka i viÅ”a prosječna relativna vlažnost zraka rezultirali su velikim udjelom peludnog tereta dvogodiÅ”njeg dimka u 2014. godini. Iako dolina Neretve ima gotovo monokulturne nasade mandarine koja zbog sterilnih praÅ”nika ne omogućuje pčelama prikupljanje peludi, pelud ostalih ne sterilnih agruma (naranča) bila je dosta zastupljena u prikupljenom peludnom teretu.The Neretva River Delta with almost monocultural Satsuma mandarin plantations (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is one of the three northernmost places in the world where commercially grown citrus. It is known that for the normal development of bee colonies is necesaary to secure additional quantities of pollen, however certain types of citrus fruits, and that includes unshiu mandarins have sterile stamens. Howewer so far in Croatia have not yet conducted research related to the determination of the botanical origin of pollen loads, therefore it would constitute an important contribution in determining plant species that bees attending during on mandarin forage. The research was conducted during Satsuma mandarin unshiu forage in the Neretva valley on honey bee colonies of Carniolan bees (Apis mellifera carnica Poll., 1879). Pollen is collected with pollen trap twice a day during the morning (8:00-13:00) and afternoon (13:00-18:00) hours during 2014 and 2015, and once a day in 2016. In 2014., the largest share of pollen loads during morning hours, was related to the Crepis biennis (100,00%), while the prevalent pollen loads in the afternoon hours were of Cerastium glomeratum (0,55 - 73,99%), Cistus incanus (53,00%) and Quercus ilex (19,35 - 48,52%). In 2015., the largest share of pollen loads during morning hours was related to Citrus sinensis (81,19%), Citrus paradisi (13,51%) and Quercus ilex pollen (4,92%), while the largest share of pollen loads in the afternoon hours was also of oranges (99,62%). In 2016., at location UŔće dominated Citrus sinensis (33,54 - 71,81%), Quercus ilex (3,28 - 53,33%) and Citrus paradisi (2.64 - 76.30%) pollen loads, while at location Buk-Vlaka the prevalent pollen loads were of Citrus sinensis (35,36 - 99.01%), Capsella bursa pastoris (0,61 - 53,24%) and Citrus clementina (0,60 - 35,12%). The relatively lower average air temperature and higher average relative humidity resulted in a large share of Crepis biennis pollen loads in 2014. Although the Neretva valley has almost monoculture Satsuma mandarin plantations which does not provide pollen forage to bees due to sterile stamens, the pollen of other non sterile citruses (orange) was quite present in the collected pollen loads

    Botaničko podrijetlo peludi na paŔi mandarine u dolini Neretve

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    Delta rijeke Neretve s gotovo monokulturnim nasadima mandarine unshiu (Citrus unshiu Marc.) je jedno od tri najsjevernija nasada u svijetu na kojem se komercijalno uzgajaju agrumi. Poznato je da je za normalan razvoj pčelinje zajednice potrebno osigurati dodatne količine peludi, međutim određene vrste agruma, a u koje spada mandarina unshiu imaju sterilne praÅ”nike. Kako do sada u Hrvatskoj joÅ” nisu provedena istraživanja vezana za utvrđivanje botaničkog podrijetla peludnog tereta, stoga bi ono predstavljalo važan doprinos u utvrđivanju biljnih vrsta koje pčele pohađaju za vrijeme paÅ”e mandarine. Istraživanje je bilo provedeno tijekom paÅ”e mandarine unshiu u dolini Neretve na pčelinjoj zajednici sive pčele (Apis mellifera carnica Poll., 1879). Pelud je prikupljana vanjskim skupljačem dva puta dnevno i to u jutarnjim (8:00-13:00) i popodnevnim (13:00-18:00) satima tijekom 2014. i 2015. godine te jednom dnevno 2016. godine. U 2014. godini najveći udio peludnog tereta tijekom jutarnjih sati, odnosio se na dvogodiÅ”nji dimak (100,00 %), dok je u poslijepodnevnim satima prevladavao peludni teret klupčastog roÅ”ca (0,55 - 73,99 %), vlasnatog buÅ”ina (53,00 %) i česmine (19,35 ā€“ 48,52 %). U 2015. godini najveći se udio peludnog tereta tijekom jutarnjih sati odnosio na naranču (81,19 %), grejp (13,51 %) i pelud česmine (4,92% ), dok je u popodnevnim satima također najveći udio imao peludni teret naranče (99,62 %). U 2016. godini na lokaciji UŔće prevladavao je peludni teret naranče (33,54 ā€“ 71,81 %) , česmine (3,28 ā€“ 53,33 %) i grejpa (2,64 ā€“ 76,30 %), dok je na lokaciji Buk-Vlaka prevladavao peludni teret naranče (35,36 ā€“ 99,01 %), pastirske torbice (0,61 ā€“ 53,24 %) i klementine (0,60 ā€“ 35,12 %). Relativno niža prosječna temperatura zraka i viÅ”a prosječna relativna vlažnost zraka rezultirali su velikim udjelom peludnog tereta dvogodiÅ”njeg dimka u 2014. godini. Iako dolina Neretve ima gotovo monokulturne nasade mandarine koja zbog sterilnih praÅ”nika ne omogućuje pčelama prikupljanje peludi, pelud ostalih ne sterilnih agruma (naranča) bila je dosta zastupljena u prikupljenom peludnom teretu.The Neretva River Delta with almost monocultural Satsuma mandarin plantations (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is one of the three northernmost places in the world where commercially grown citrus. It is known that for the normal development of bee colonies is necesaary to secure additional quantities of pollen, however certain types of citrus fruits, and that includes unshiu mandarins have sterile stamens. Howewer so far in Croatia have not yet conducted research related to the determination of the botanical origin of pollen loads, therefore it would constitute an important contribution in determining plant species that bees attending during on mandarin forage. The research was conducted during Satsuma mandarin unshiu forage in the Neretva valley on honey bee colonies of Carniolan bees (Apis mellifera carnica Poll., 1879). Pollen is collected with pollen trap twice a day during the morning (8:00-13:00) and afternoon (13:00-18:00) hours during 2014 and 2015, and once a day in 2016. In 2014., the largest share of pollen loads during morning hours, was related to the Crepis biennis (100,00%), while the prevalent pollen loads in the afternoon hours were of Cerastium glomeratum (0,55 - 73,99%), Cistus incanus (53,00%) and Quercus ilex (19,35 - 48,52%). In 2015., the largest share of pollen loads during morning hours was related to Citrus sinensis (81,19%), Citrus paradisi (13,51%) and Quercus ilex pollen (4,92%), while the largest share of pollen loads in the afternoon hours was also of oranges (99,62%). In 2016., at location UŔće dominated Citrus sinensis (33,54 - 71,81%), Quercus ilex (3,28 - 53,33%) and Citrus paradisi (2.64 - 76.30%) pollen loads, while at location Buk-Vlaka the prevalent pollen loads were of Citrus sinensis (35,36 - 99.01%), Capsella bursa pastoris (0,61 - 53,24%) and Citrus clementina (0,60 - 35,12%). The relatively lower average air temperature and higher average relative humidity resulted in a large share of Crepis biennis pollen loads in 2014. Although the Neretva valley has almost monoculture Satsuma mandarin plantations which does not provide pollen forage to bees due to sterile stamens, the pollen of other non sterile citruses (orange) was quite present in the collected pollen loads

    Botaničko podrijetlo peludi na paŔi mandarine u dolini Neretve

    Get PDF
    Delta rijeke Neretve s gotovo monokulturnim nasadima mandarine unshiu (Citrus unshiu Marc.) je jedno od tri najsjevernija nasada u svijetu na kojem se komercijalno uzgajaju agrumi. Poznato je da je za normalan razvoj pčelinje zajednice potrebno osigurati dodatne količine peludi, međutim određene vrste agruma, a u koje spada mandarina unshiu imaju sterilne praÅ”nike. Kako do sada u Hrvatskoj joÅ” nisu provedena istraživanja vezana za utvrđivanje botaničkog podrijetla peludnog tereta, stoga bi ono predstavljalo važan doprinos u utvrđivanju biljnih vrsta koje pčele pohađaju za vrijeme paÅ”e mandarine. Istraživanje je bilo provedeno tijekom paÅ”e mandarine unshiu u dolini Neretve na pčelinjoj zajednici sive pčele (Apis mellifera carnica Poll., 1879). Pelud je prikupljana vanjskim skupljačem dva puta dnevno i to u jutarnjim (8:00-13:00) i popodnevnim (13:00-18:00) satima tijekom 2014. i 2015. godine te jednom dnevno 2016. godine. U 2014. godini najveći udio peludnog tereta tijekom jutarnjih sati, odnosio se na dvogodiÅ”nji dimak (100,00 %), dok je u poslijepodnevnim satima prevladavao peludni teret klupčastog roÅ”ca (0,55 - 73,99 %), vlasnatog buÅ”ina (53,00 %) i česmine (19,35 ā€“ 48,52 %). U 2015. godini najveći se udio peludnog tereta tijekom jutarnjih sati odnosio na naranču (81,19 %), grejp (13,51 %) i pelud česmine (4,92% ), dok je u popodnevnim satima također najveći udio imao peludni teret naranče (99,62 %). U 2016. godini na lokaciji UŔće prevladavao je peludni teret naranče (33,54 ā€“ 71,81 %) , česmine (3,28 ā€“ 53,33 %) i grejpa (2,64 ā€“ 76,30 %), dok je na lokaciji Buk-Vlaka prevladavao peludni teret naranče (35,36 ā€“ 99,01 %), pastirske torbice (0,61 ā€“ 53,24 %) i klementine (0,60 ā€“ 35,12 %). Relativno niža prosječna temperatura zraka i viÅ”a prosječna relativna vlažnost zraka rezultirali su velikim udjelom peludnog tereta dvogodiÅ”njeg dimka u 2014. godini. Iako dolina Neretve ima gotovo monokulturne nasade mandarine koja zbog sterilnih praÅ”nika ne omogućuje pčelama prikupljanje peludi, pelud ostalih ne sterilnih agruma (naranča) bila je dosta zastupljena u prikupljenom peludnom teretu.The Neretva River Delta with almost monocultural Satsuma mandarin plantations (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is one of the three northernmost places in the world where commercially grown citrus. It is known that for the normal development of bee colonies is necesaary to secure additional quantities of pollen, however certain types of citrus fruits, and that includes unshiu mandarins have sterile stamens. Howewer so far in Croatia have not yet conducted research related to the determination of the botanical origin of pollen loads, therefore it would constitute an important contribution in determining plant species that bees attending during on mandarin forage. The research was conducted during Satsuma mandarin unshiu forage in the Neretva valley on honey bee colonies of Carniolan bees (Apis mellifera carnica Poll., 1879). Pollen is collected with pollen trap twice a day during the morning (8:00-13:00) and afternoon (13:00-18:00) hours during 2014 and 2015, and once a day in 2016. In 2014., the largest share of pollen loads during morning hours, was related to the Crepis biennis (100,00%), while the prevalent pollen loads in the afternoon hours were of Cerastium glomeratum (0,55 - 73,99%), Cistus incanus (53,00%) and Quercus ilex (19,35 - 48,52%). In 2015., the largest share of pollen loads during morning hours was related to Citrus sinensis (81,19%), Citrus paradisi (13,51%) and Quercus ilex pollen (4,92%), while the largest share of pollen loads in the afternoon hours was also of oranges (99,62%). In 2016., at location UŔće dominated Citrus sinensis (33,54 - 71,81%), Quercus ilex (3,28 - 53,33%) and Citrus paradisi (2.64 - 76.30%) pollen loads, while at location Buk-Vlaka the prevalent pollen loads were of Citrus sinensis (35,36 - 99.01%), Capsella bursa pastoris (0,61 - 53,24%) and Citrus clementina (0,60 - 35,12%). The relatively lower average air temperature and higher average relative humidity resulted in a large share of Crepis biennis pollen loads in 2014. Although the Neretva valley has almost monoculture Satsuma mandarin plantations which does not provide pollen forage to bees due to sterile stamens, the pollen of other non sterile citruses (orange) was quite present in the collected pollen loads

    Botanical Origin and Quantity of Pollen Load on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Honey Bee Forage

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    Although Satsuma mandarin secretes large amounts of nectar and is considered as excellent honey bee plant species, its anthers are either sterile or produce very small amount of pollen. Therefore, honey bees collect pollen from other plant resources as well. The aim of this study was to determine the botanical origin of pollen loads collected with pollen trap during Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) honey bee forage, and to investigate relating foraging parameter (pollen collection time). The study was carried out on Carniolan honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann, 1879) colony during April in 2014 and May 2015 in Neretva Valley, Croatia. Pollen of 12 plant species was identified in analysed samples. Results have revealed that a total pollen mass was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the morning hours compared to the sampling carried out in the afternoon. The largest content of the pollen load in the morning originated from Crepis biennis L. and Citrus sinensis L., while the pollen grains of Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. and C. sinensis were the most dominant pollen components of investigated pollen loads in the afternoon. Although Neretva Valley has almost monocultural Satsuma mandarin orchards, a notable amount of pollen originating from other plant species and non-sterile Citrus were observed in analysed pollen loads

    Botanical Origin and Quantity of Pollen Load on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Honey Bee Forage

    Get PDF
    Although Satsuma mandarin secretes large amounts of nectar and is considered as excellent honey bee plant species, its anthers are either sterile or produce very small amount of pollen. Therefore, honey bees collect pollen from other plant resources as well. The aim of this study was to determine the botanical origin of pollen loads collected with pollen trap during Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) honey bee forage, and to investigate relating foraging parameter (pollen collection time). The study was carried out on Carniolan honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann, 1879) colony during April in 2014 and May 2015 in Neretva Valley, Croatia. Pollen of 12 plant species was identified in analysed samples. Results have revealed that a total pollen mass was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the morning hours compared to the sampling carried out in the afternoon. The largest content of the pollen load in the morning originated from Crepis biennis L. and Citrus sinensis L., while the pollen grains of Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. and C. sinensis were the most dominant pollen components of investigated pollen loads in the afternoon. Although Neretva Valley has almost monocultural Satsuma mandarin orchards, a notable amount of pollen originating from other plant species and non-sterile Citrus were observed in analysed pollen loads
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