UJI PENDAHULUAN SIFAT FISIKA MEKANIKA PAPAN PARTIKEL KAYU KAWUI (Vernonia arborea) DENGAN TIGA PERSENTASE PEREKAT PVac (Polyvinyl acetate)

The purpose of the study was to determine the quality of Kawui wood particle board using PVac adhesive. The study used Kawui sawdust material size 10 mesh. The study design used a complete randomized design. The treatment used is 7%, 11% and 15% adhesive percentages. The test parameters of the physical properties of particle board mechanics include moisture content, water absorption density, thickness development, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond and screw unplug firmness. The results showed that different PVAc adhesive levels did not have a significant effect on the physical properties of particle board, namely moisture content, density, thickness development, and water absorption. In the mechanical properties of adhesive content has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of wood particle board kawui, namely (Internal Bond / IB and Screw Unplug Constancy except for the Modulus of elasticity (MoE) and modulus of rupture (MoR), the Physical Properties of the resulting particle board do not meet SNI 03-2105-2006 standards, namely for the parameters of Water Content, Density, Water Absorption unless the Thickness Development meets the standards. The mechanical properties of particle boards, namely Modulus of fracture (MoR), Internal Bond (IB), Firmness of Screw Pull are not included in these standards. The condition of the results of this study is thought to be caused by the lack of adhesive percentage and uneven distribution of adhesives

Studi Pertumbuhan Mikroskopis: Pengaruh Suhu dan Curah Hujan terhadap Aktivitas Kambium pada Kayu Jelutung : Studied of Microscopic Growth: the Influence of Temperature and Rainfall on Cambium Activities in Jelutong Wood

The cambium activity in wood formation is highly affected by temperature and rainfall. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cambium activities, i.e., cell number, cell proportion, and cell size during the growth period of jelutong wood. The pinning method was employed as the marking for initiating the observations on the formation and sizes of wood cells. The results revealed three patterns of the effect of the change in temperature and rainfall. First, when both temperature and rainfall increase, the number of fiber cells number increases, while the vessel cells, parenchyma cells, and rays decrease. The size of new fiber cells alters in which cell diameter, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness increase, but fiber length decreases. This pattern forms short cells with thick cell walls. In the observation when temperature increases and rainfall decreases, the number of fiber cells and vessel cells increases while the number of parenchyma cells and rays decreases. New fiber cells have an increase in cell diameter, lumen diameter, and fiber length, but a decrease in cell wall thickness. The cells formed in the second pattern are long cells with thin cell walls. The third observation is when the temperature increases and rainfall decreases. In this pattern, the number of fiber cells, vessel cells, and cell size decrease, but the number of parenchyma cells and rays increases. This pattern forms short cells and thick cell walls. It causes variations in the properties of wood and affects the wood quality. Kata kunci (Keywords): cambium activity, temperature, rainfall, wood formation.The cambium activity in wood formation is highly affected by temperature and rainfall. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cambium activities, i.e., cell number, cell proportion, and cell size during the growth period of jelutong wood. The pinning method was employed as the marking for initiating the observations on the formation and sizes of wood cells. The results revealed three patterns of the effect of the change in temperature and rainfall. First, when both temperature and rainfall increase, the number of fiber cells number increases, while the vessel cells, parenchyma cells, and rays decrease. The size of new fiber cells alters in which cell diameter, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness increase, but fiber length decreases. This pattern forms short cells with thick cell walls. In the observation when temperature increases and rainfall decreases, the number of fiber cells and vessel cells increases while the number of parenchyma cells and rays decreases. New fiber cells have an increase in cell diameter, lumen diameter, and fiber length, but a decrease in cell wall thickness. The cells formed in the second pattern are long cells with thin cell walls. The third observation is when the temperature increases and rainfall decreases. In this pattern, the number of fiber cells, vessel cells, and cell size decrease, but the number of parenchyma cells and rays increases. This pattern forms short cells and thick cell walls. It causes variations in the properties of wood and affects the wood quality. Kata kunci (Keywords): cambium activity, temperature, rainfall, wood formation

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK HERBAGREEN DAN HUMID ACID TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN ANAKAN SENGON (Albizia falcataria) DI LAHAN GAMBUT KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Permasalahan rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan gambut adalah  perubahan status hidrologi lahan gambut akibat pembangunan drainase, akan menyebabkan perubahan jenis vegetasi yang adaptif di kawasan tersebut. Penelitian pengaruh pemberian pupuk herbagreen dan humicasid dalam beberapa konsentrasi terhadap pertumbuhan anakan sengon (albizia falcataria) di lahan gambut diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi vegetasi yang adaptif dengan perubahan dan  sebagai salah satu alternatif keberhasilan rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan gambut. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dan analisis menggunakan SPSS 20. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan jenis pupuk dan konsentrasi menunjukkan hasil pertumbuhan diameter dan tinggi yang berbeda. Pada pertumbuhan tinggi bebas cabang perlakuan pupuk Humid Acid pada konsentrasi 50% memberikan pertumbuhan lebih baik, berbeda sangat nyata dibandingkan pupuk herbagreen dan campuran humid acid+herbagreen. Namun pemberian konsentrasi pupuk humid acid tidak berbeda nyata antara 10%, 30% dan 50%. Pertumbuhan tinggi sampai pucuk sengon dengan perlakuan kontrol memberikan pertumbuhan lebih baik dan berbeda sangat nyata dibandingkan perlakuan pemberian pupuk herbagreen, humid acid dan herbagreen + humid acid. Pertumbuhan diameter batang sengon dengan perlakuan pupuk herbagreen pada konsentrasi 30% memberikan pertumbuhan lebih baik, tetapi hanya berbeda nyata pada taraf 5% dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Prosentase hidup sengon 100% untuk semua perlakuan pemberian pupuk. Secara umum, pemberian pupuk herbagreen dan humidacid terhadap pertumbuhan awal sengon dapat digunakan, dan sebagai vegetasi yang adaptif untuk rehabilitasi lahan gambut.Kata kunci : herbagreen, humid acid, konsentrasi larutan pupuk, rehabilitasi lahan gambu

EFFECTS OF INUNDATION DEPTH ON GROWTH OF 14 PLANT SPECIES ON PEATLANDS IN PULANG PISAU REGENCY

  Rehabilitation of degraded peat-swamp forests, especially in Central Kalimantan Province, is becoming increasingly important in order to restore the ecological functions and maintain the biodiversity and carbon pool. The problem facing the rehabilitation effort is the limited knowledge about the techniques of rehabilitation on peat swamp lands using local species because inundation frequently occurs in this area during rainy season which greatly affects the growth of the plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of resistance of plants to inundation on peat swamp lands in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The experiment was conducted in Taruna Jaya village, Jabiren subdistrict. Pulang Pisau Regency, using 14 different plant species endemic to peat swamp forests, with two factors, namely the level of immersion/inundation and plant species. In order to find out the plant resistance to inundation and the root growth, some variables were measured, such as the survival percentage of plants after tested in inundation and planted in the field, the assessment of the tree health using the criteria of Forest Health Monitoring (FHM), and the root-shoot ratio (RSR). The results showed that of the 14 species tested, Belangeran (Shorea balangera Korth) and Bintangur (Calophylum sp.) had good resistance to the condition of inundated soil, high adaptability in the field, and high value of RSR (root- shoot ratio). The plant species with high efficiency in absorbing nutrients and water were Shorea balangeran Korth, Calophyllum sp., Dyera polyphylla, and Alstonia pneumatophora. Those with the very high value of tree health were Alstonia pneumatophora, Calophyllum sp., D. pseudomalabarica, Dyera polyphylla, Shorea balangeran Korth, Trisraniopsis sp. and Stemonurus secondflorus

Aktivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Daun Tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser) terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar ekstrak daun tumih dan menguji aktivitas larvasidanya terhadap Aedes aegypti. Daun tumih dimaserasi dan difraksinasi dengan pelarut metanol, n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol. Aktivitas larvasida ekstrak diuji dengan konsentrasi 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen dari ekstraksi daun tumih pada berbagai larutan adalah sebagai berikut ekstrak metanol sebesar 15%, n-heksana 51%, etil asetat 35% dan etanol 85%. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun tumih positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Pengujian larvasida ekstrak daun tumih menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti. Aktivitas larvasida ekstrak daun tumih optimum pada ekstrak etil asetat dengan LC(50) = 24,54 ppm, ekstrak metanol LC(50) = 45,65 ppm, ekstrak etanol LC(50) = 46,77 ppm dan ekstrak n-heksana LC(50) = 48,97 ppm. Ekstrak etil asetat daun tumih merupakan ekstrak teraktif dalam aktivitas larvasidanya. Selanjutnya, analisis FT-IR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi C-H alkana dan C = C aromatik. Gugus fungsi tersebut diduga penyusun senyawa alkaloid, flavanoid, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil analisis LCMS mengindikasikan adanya 7 senyawa bioaktif yaitu hexadecyl-ferulate, 21-o-methyl toosendanopentaol, 23-acetate alismaketone, dehydroxy-24-acetate alisol, physanol, prosapogenin 2, dan stigmastan-3,6-dione Larvacide Activity of Tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.)Danser) Leaf Extracts against Aedes aegyptiAbstractThis research aimed to measure the content of Combretocarpus Rotundatus (Miq.) Danser leaf extracts and to test its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The leaves were macerated and fractionated using methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extract contents from the leaves extraction were metanol extract of 15%, n-hexane extract of 51%, ethyl acetate extract of 35% and ethanol extract of 85%. The larvicidal activity of extracts was tested with concentration of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Phytochemicals test exhibited that the methanol extract of Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Larvicidal test conducted on the extracts exhibited an effect on the mortality levels against Aedes aegypti larvae. The larvicidal activity of leaf extracts was optimum in the ethyl acetate extract at LC(50) = 24.54 ppm, methanol extract at LC(50) = 45.65 ppm, ethanol extract at LC(50) = 46.77 ppm, and n-hexane extract at LC(50 = 48.97 ppm. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract was the most active larvicide. FT-IR analysis showed existing functional groups of C-H alkanes and C=C aromatics. Those functional groups were assumed to be flavanoid, alkaloid, saponin, and tannin constituents. Results of LC-MS analysis indicated 7 bioactive compounds i.e.hexadecyl-ferulate, 21-o-methyl toosendanopentaol, 23-acetate alismaketone, dehydroxy-24-acetate alisol, prosapogenin 2, and stigmastan-3,6- dione

PROSPEK PURUN (Eleocharis sp) SEBAGAI HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU UNTUK MENDUKUNG EKONOMI MASYARAKAT SEKITAR HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT

Purun is one of the Non-Timber Forest Products that comes from peat swamp forests. This plant grows wild and is used by communities around the forest to make various handicraft products as a side income. This research aims to analyze Purun\u27s prospects as an NTFP to support the economy of communities around peat swamp forests. There are three research locations, namely Petuk Katimpun Village, Kalampangan Village, and Tumbang Nusa Village. The sampling method was purposive sampling, namely people who were purun craftsmen and lived close to the purun growing area. Data analysis uses SWOT analysis. The research results show that the prospect of Purun as a non-timber forest product (NTFP) to support the economy of communities around peat swamp forests in the three research locations is in a strategic position, namely at the cut-off point (0.569; 0.684), precisely in the first quadrant (I). The alternative strategy used is the SO (Strength and opportunities) strategy, namely utilizing Purun NTFPs; creating markets and promotions; increasing Human Resources (HR) through training and forming Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) groups. Based on these results, the policy that is expected is to support the use of Purun NTFPs by the community, by providing counseling, training and outreach so that Purun Purun products can compete with other NTFP products

Lesser Known Species, Kawui (Vernonia Arborea); Menggali Potensi Energi Biomassa Dari Hutan Rawa Gambut

Penelitian pendahuluan potensi kayu Kawui sebagai bahan baku pelet bertujuan mengetahui kualitas pelet kayu Kawui sebagai energi baru dan terbarukan. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak lengkap, dengan perlakuan komposisi perekat 10%, 20% dan 30%. Parameter pengujian meliputi kadar air, kadar zat mudah menguap, kadar karbon terikat dan nilai kalor. Selanjutnya dilakukan perbandingan dengan standar SNI (8021:2014), standar Prancis (ITEBE) dan standar Swedia (SS 18 71 20). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kualitas pelet kayu kawui memenuhi standar SNI 8021-2014 dengan nilai rata-rata untuk parameter Kadar air 11%, kadar Abu 1% dan Nilai kalor 18,16 Megajoule atau 4338,9 cal/g, untuk ke tiga komposisi perekat. Parameter yang tidak memenuhi standar SNI untuk parameter kadar zat mudah menguap dan karbon terikat, sedangkan standar Prancis maupun Swedia tidak mensyaratkan. Khusus untuk nilai kalor, hasil penelitian ini lebih rendah 2,7% dibandingkan nilai kalor batubara dari Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka kayu Kawui berpotensi sebagai energi biomassa yang menjanjikan melalui pembuatan biopelet.  Biopelet kayu Kawui memenuhi kualitas dalam negeri baik pada skala industri maupun skala rumah tangga, juga memungkinkan untuk dikembangkan menjadi biopelet kualitas eksport hanya perlu penanganan sedikit lebih baik pada kadar air pelet kayu

Biodiversity of Soil Macrofauna in Jelutong (Dyera lowii Hook.F) based Agroforestry System on Peatlands

Soil macrofauna can be an indicator of changes to the ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the biodiversity of soil macrofauna in jelutong-based agroforestry on peatlands. Line transect sampling was used, eight transects and 32 plots were established. The sample was collected using the hand sorting technique. Species diversity and species evenness were determined using Shannon-Wiener index, while species richness with Margalef index. This study found 2179 individuals of soil macrofauna that belong to six classes, nine orders, and 13 families. The Formicidae 1 family dominated the area (951 individuals), while Lumbricidae had the least number (13 individuals). This study indicates that the species diversity of soil macrofauna in the jelutong-based agroforestry on peatlands is moderate (H’ = 1.508) with moderate species evenness (E = 0.588) and very high species richness (DMg = 281.788). It implies the capacity of the system in providing suitable habitat for macrofauna, and that it can be a potential alternative for ecological restoration in peatlands

Contribution of Hampangen Education Forest Central in Kalimantan to Climate Change Mitigation – An Above Ground Biomass Assessment

Hampangen Education Forest (HEF) has great potential in terms of carbon stock, biodiversity, and contribution to the local community’s livelihood. In the future, it is planned to develop its role in climate change mitigation; thus, valid and updated information regarding climate regulation services are required. The purpose of this study was to assess the above ground biomass (AGB) at different canopy densities of swamp secondary forest in (HEF) and estimated the total AGB stored in this area. The research was carried out from April 2022 until July 2022. The data collected included tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree total height, the weight of litter, and understorey vegetation. All the information was collected using two types of observation plots (400 m2 and 0.25 m2) and AGB was calculated using allometric equations. This research found that the average AGB at sparse, medium, and dense canopy cover was 70.46 Mg.ha-1, 80.94 Mg.ha-1, and 145.03 Mg.ha-1, respectively. The total AGB stored in HEF was 367,180.08 Mg (tonnes) and equivalent to above-ground carbon stock of 172,574.64 Mg carbon. The finding of this research suggests that HEF needs conservation strategies to improve its carbon stock and conserve biodiversity