PENGARUH PANAS LAS GTAW(GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING) PADA MATERIAL STAINLESS STEELGRADE 316L TERHADAP UJI TARIK DAN KOMPOSISI KIMIA MATERIAL

Pengelasan pada Jenis las (welding) menggunakan GTAW (Gas Tungsten ArcWelding).Merupakan salah satu metode yang paling banyak digunakan untukpenyambungan suatu material, terutama pada pipa. Penyambungan dengan pengelasan yaitu salah satunya dengan cara memberikan panas pada material sehingga material melebur dan menyatu. Pada material stainless steelakan sangat mudah terpengaruh dari panas pada saat pengelasan. Sehingga dapat mempengaruhi sifat-sifat material stainlesssteel terutama terhadap sifat ketahanan terhadap korosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmemahami dan meminimalkan pengaruh panas dari las terhadap komposisi pada logam paduan Stainless steel(SS) dan terhadap kekuata tarik. Percobaan dilakukan dengan melakukan pengujian Uji Tarik dan Uji Komposisi Kimia Logam pada daerah base material, HAZ(Heat Affected Zone) dan weld metal. Hasil penelitian yangdiperoleh berupa data dalam bentuk tabel yang menginformasikan berupa besar nilai tingkat kekuatan tarik dan presentase komposisi kimia logam, dalam hal ini persentase kromium dari material terhadap pembacaan alat dari titik-titik pengujian yang telah ditentukan dari bahan uji

Reinforcement Of Natural Rubber And Epoxidized Natural Rubbers With Amine-Treated Silica

Pengkajian mengenai kesesuaian penggunaan silika terawat amina untuk pengukuhan getah-getah SMR-L, ENR 25 dan ENR 50 telah dilakukan. Silika terawat amina disediakan melalui proses perawatan amina, dimana silika normal dirawat didalam larutan butilamina dengan pH yang tertentu. The feasibility study of utilising amine-treated silica on reinforcement of SMR-L, ENR 25 and ENR 50 by using semi-efficient (semi-EV) system was carried out. The amine-treated silica was prepared by treating normal silica filler in a butylamine solution with a certain pH

The Potential Of Alkanolamide As A New Additive In Natural And Synthetic Rubber Compounds

The potential of Alkanolamide (ALK) as a new additive in natural and synthetic rubber compounds was studied. The ALK was prepared by reacting Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) with diethanolamine. The unfilled Natural Rubber (NR) and Polychloroprene Rubber (CR) compounds, silica-filled NR compound, and Carbon Black (CB) filled NR, Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR-25) and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) compounds were carried out. In this study, various loading of ALK was incorporated into the rubber compounds which were vulcanised with sulphur accelerated vulcanization system. The main objective is to investigate the effect of ALK loading on properties of the different types of rubber compounds. It was found that ALK could be utilised not only as a curative additive but also as an internal plasticiser in the rubber compounds. The ALK has improved the cure characteristics of the rubber compounds where the increased in cure rates and torque differences were observed. The scorch and cure times of unfilled and silica-filled NR, CB-filled NR, ENR-25 and SBR compounds were shortened as the increased of ALK loadings. The torque difference was increased up to a certain optimum ALK loading of each type of rubber compounds. The ALK also exhibited higher tensile modulus, tensile strength, hardness, resilience and crosslink density, especially up to certain optimum loadings of ALK; 0.6 and 5.0 phr for unfilled and silica-filled NR compounds, respectively; 5.0 phr for CB-filled NR and SBR compounds, and 1.0 phr for CB-filled ENR-25 compound. Study on reinforcement effects of CB and silica on the rubbers showed that the higher mechanical properties of silica-filled NR compound, and CB-filled NR, ENR-25, SBR compounds were achieved. These were attributed from a better dispersion and stronger rubber – filler interaction as well as the cure enhancement phenomenon due to the functions of ALK as a plasticiser and accelerator in the filled rubber compounds. The infrared spectroscopic study on unfilled CR and silica-filled NR vulcanisates proved that ALK has an ability to form crosslinks with CR molecules through the formation of C−O chemical bonds; and the formation of O−N−O coupling bonds proved that ALK has interacted chemically with the silica. The morphology study on the rubber vulcanisates with and without ALK proved that Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs of silica-filled and CB-filled NR compounds, CB-filled ENR-25 and SBR compounds with ALK exhibited a greater matrix tearing line and surface roughness due to better filler dispersion and stronger rubber – filler interaction. The higher elongations at break and lower torques minimum of the vulcanisates of filled and unfilled NR, CB-filled ENR-25 and SBR compounds as the loadings of ALK were increased together with the better filler dispersion proved the function of ALK as an internal plasticiser

Pengaruh Oleamida Terhadap Karakteristik Pematangan Karet Alam Terisi Silika

The purpose of this study was as a feasibility study of the utilization of oleamide as a new additive for natural rubber (NR) filled with silica using the semi-efficient vulcanization system. Silica fillers used as much as 30 parts per hundred parts rubber (phr). Oleamide was obtained from the synthesis of oleic acid with urea. Oleamide was inserted into the silica filled NR compounds with the varied composition of 0.0 phr; 2.0 phr; 4.0 phr; 6.0 phr, and 8.0 phr. The influence of oleamide on the curing characteristic of the silica filled NR compounds was observed. It was obtained that the oleamide functions as a curative and also a plasticizer. The greater the levels of oleamide added, the shorter the scorch time and optimum curing time were. Oleamide also decreased the minimum torque with addition up to 8.0 phr. The greater the levels of oleamide was, the lower the minimum torque was. Oleamide also increased the maximum torque and torque difference of the silica-filled NR composites at the addition of 2.0 phr. The 2.0 phr was the optimum composition of the oleamide

Effects of TESPT-Silane Coupling Agent on Torque Properties and Degree of Filler Dispersion of Silica Filled Natural Rubber and Epoxidized Natural Rubbers Compounds

The effect of the addition of a bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetra sulphide or TESPT-silane coupling agent on torque properties and degree of filler dispersion of silica-filled compounds of natural rubber (NR), epoxidized natural rubbers with 25% mole of epoxidation (ENR 25) and epoxidized natural rubbers with 50% mole of epoxidation (ENR 50) were investigated. All the rubbers were filled by silica filler at a fixed loading (30.0 parts per hundred rubber, phr) and the TESPT was added to each silica-filled rubbers compounds at 1.0phr. It was found that TESPT affected the torque properties of all the silica-filled rubbers compounds. The TESPT decreased the minimum torque of NR system but increased the minimum torque of ENRs systems and maximum and torque differences of the all rubbers systems. The minimum torque was decreased from 0.61 to 0.53 dN.m for NR; were increased from 0.23 to 0.49 dN.m for ENR 25 and from 0.07 to 0.34 dN.m for ENR 50.It was also found that the TESPT acted as an internal plasticizer for NR which improved the degree of silica dispersion. Presumably, for the ENRs, the TESPT acted as an additional cross linker with a more pronouncedly which poorer the degree of silica dispersion

Reinforcement of natural rubber and epoxidized natural rubbers with fillers

The reinforcement of natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubbers (ENRs) with silica or carbon black (CB) by using a semi-efficient sulfur accelerated vulcanization system has been carried out. It was found that silica caused a longer in cure time compared to CB and due to the dissimilarity of their surface chemistry, it was also found that silica and CB caused the difference in reinforcement effect to those rubbers. Silica caused in filled-vulcanizates of those rubbers with a higher modulus and lower tensile strength compared to their unfilled ones. On the other hand, CB caused enhancements in both modulus and tensile to those rubbers. The investigation on reinforcing efficiencies of those fillers on the rubbers found that the higher reinforcing efficiency of CB was attributed to its better degree of filler dispersion when compared to silica

EFFECT OF EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER AS A COMPATIBILIZER IN SILICA-FILLED STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER COMPOUND

By using a semi-efficient vulcanization system, the effect of Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) as a compatibilizer in silica-filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) compound was carried out. The ENR was incorporated into the silica-filled SBR compound at 5.0 and 10.0 phr. An investigation was carried out to examine the effect of ENR on cure characteristics and tensile properties of the silica-filled SBR compound. It was found that ENR gave enhanced cure rate to the silica-filled SBR compound. ENR also exhibited a higher torque difference, tensile modulus, and tensile strength up to 10.0 phr. The study of rubber - filler interaction proved that the addition of ENR to the silica-filled SBR system improved the rubber - filler interaction

CURE CHARACTERISTICS AND CROSSLINK DENSITY OF NATURAL RUBBER/STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER BLENDS

By using a semi-efficient vulcanization system, the cure characteristics and crosslink density of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) blends were studied with a blend ratio from 0 to 100% rubber. The scorch time, optimum cure time, and torque difference value of the blended rubber compounds were determined by using the Moving-Die Rheometer (MDR 2000). The crosslink density was determined by the Flory—Rehner approach. Results indicate that the scorch and cure times, ts2 and t90, of the NR/SBR blends increased with increasing the SBR content. Whilst, the maximum values of torque difference and crosslink density were performed by the NR/SBR blend with a blend ratio of 75/25

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Video Tutorial Pada Mata Pelajaran Komunikasi Bisnis Materi Prosedur Interview Bisnis Daring dan Pemasaran SMK Negeri 2 Blitar

Penelitian dan pengembangan bertujuan menghasilkan produk media pembelajaran video tutorial yang layak digunakan pada mata pelajaran komunikasi bisnis. Pengembangan 4D ialah, tahap pendefinisian, tahap perencanaan, tahap pengembangan, serta tahap penyebaran. Tahap pengembangan yang dikembangkan tertuju pada tahap pengembangan, tahap penyebaran tidak dikerjakan. Penelitian dilakukan di SMK Negeri 2 Blitar, di uji cobakan pada siswa X Bisnis Daring dan Pemasaran 3 sebanyak 2 kali uji coba. Hasil data nilai persentase Validasi ahli materi mendapatkan skor rata-rata sejumlah 90%. Validasi ahli media memperoleh skor rata-rata sebesar 85%. Dan respon siswa mendapatkan skor rata-rata sejumlah 90%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran video tutorial pada mata pelajaran komunikasi bisnis kelas X SMK Negeri 2 Blitar termasuk pada kriteria sangat layak.   Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Video Tutorial, Pengembangan 4D.   This study Research and development aim to produce a product in the form of instructional media video tutorial. 4D progression that is, the definition phase, the planning stage, stage of development, and Disseminate developed of the research. The development stage reached the stage of development, deployment phase does not do because there is no comprehensive analysis. The research conducted in Vocational high school 2 Blitar, test in class X student business online and marketing 3. This is shown from the data value of the percentage of expert validation material obtained an average score of 90%. Validation of media experts obtained an average score of 85%. With this we can conclude that instructional media video tutorial of product knowledge class X student of high school 2 Blitar is included in the criteria is very decent. Keywords: Media Education, Mobile Learning, Development 4D.   &nbsp

ANALISIS STRUKTUR BERDASARKAN PENERAPAN SNI 1726-2019 DAN SNI 2847-2019 PADA BANGUNAN FEMALE APARTEMENT UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INTERNASIONAL INDONESIA

Negara kepulauan Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang diapit oleh lempeng samudera dan lempeng darat yang menyebabkan kedua lempeng bumi tersebut seringkali bertumbukan. Tumbukan tersebut selain menyebabkan negara Indonesia menjadi wilayah yang rawan gempa namun juga menyebabkan banyak adanya gunung api di wilayah negara Indonesia. Penelitian terkait kegempaan yang ada di Indonesia terus berkembang. Hal tersebut menghasilkan beberapa point seperti peta bahaya gempa yang baru dan juga beberapa peraturan terbaru terkait perencanaan bangunan tahan gempa. Hal ini menyebabkan proses perencanaan bangunan gedung harus mengikuti peraturan terbaru yang berlaku. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan SNI yang akan diterapkan, menganalisis kebutuhan dimensi struktur, menganalisis kebutuhan penulangan struktur, serta menganalisis perkuatan struktur yang diperlukan akibat penerapan SNI 1726:2019 dan SNI 2847:2019 pada suatu bangunan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penulis melakukan studi literatur perubahan SNI 1726:2012 dan SNI 2847:2013 menjadi SNI 1726:2019 dan SNI 2847:2019 yang akan digunakan dalam anasilisis struktur, kemudian penulis melakukan perencanaan struktur dengan dua versi SNI yang berbeda hingga diperoleh penulangan sturktur dan menganalisis perkuatan strukturnya. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini yaitu menunjukkan bahwa adanya beberapa perbedaan peta gempa yang digunakan pada SNI 1726:2012 dan SNI 1726:2019, adanya perbedaan parameter – parameter dalam SNI 1726:2012 dan SNI 1726:2019 yang menyebabkan adanya peningkatan gaya yang bekerja pada struktur yang kemudian mempengaruhi kebutuhan penulangan pada struktur. Perencanaan struktur harus dilakukan dengan mengikuti SNI 1726:2019 dan SNI 2847:2019, untuk bangunan eksisting yang telah dibangun berdasarkan SNI 1726:2012 dan SNI 2847:2013 maka perlu dilakukan pengkajian kembali atau assessment untuk mengetahui kondisi bangunan eksisting terhadap perkembangan kegempaan di Indonesia