Utilisation of Bagasse Fly Ash and Carbon Waste from Fertiliser Plant for Treatment of Pyridine and 3-Picoline Bearing Wastewater

The present work explores the possibility of utilizing sugarcane bagasse fly ash and carbon waste obtained from sugar mills and nitrogenous fertilizer plants, respectively for the removal of pyridine and 3-picoline from waste water. The adsorbing capacity of both adsorbents has been compared with that of activated carbon. Batch studies were conducted to see the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration and pH on the removal of pyridine and 3-picoline. Equilibrium data were fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorptive capacities were found to be in the order: activated carbon \u3e carbon waste \u3e bagasse fly ash. Adsorption was found to follow first order kinetics and intra-particle diffusion was found to be rate controlling. Two-stage batch adsorption (using bagasse fly ash and carbon waste) was found to give 85-100% removal of pyridine. Column studies were also conducted for the removal of pyridine using bagasse fly ash as adsorbent. BDST model was used to analyze the column data

Indigenous Ways of Knowing in Nepal: Exploring Indigenous Research Procedures in Shamanism

By presenting Shamanism as a form and tradition of indigenous knowledge, this paper aims to reduce the uncertainties attached to the concept in common approaches to indigenous research. Most indigenist researchers, who are working to blend western and non-western ways of knowing, have inadequately explored indigenous research procedures. In order to understand indigenous research procedures in the Nepali multi-cultural context, using interpretive, critical and postmodern research paradigms, the authors engaged with indigenous elders and traditional healers, and observed cultural events like shamanic performances. This paper reveals how achieving a profound understanding of indigenous knowledge traditions will be an integral part of how researchers approach indigenous communities in future studies

Indigenous Ways of Knowing in Nepal: Exploring Indigenous Research Procedures in Shamanism

By presenting Shamanism as a form and tradition of indigenous knowledge, this paper aims to reduce the uncertainties attached to the concept in common approaches to indigenous research. Most indigenist researchers, who are working to blend western and non-western ways of knowing, have inadequately explored indigenous research procedures. In order to understand indigenous research procedures in the Nepali multi-cultural context, using interpretive, critical and postmodern research paradigms, the authors engaged with indigenous elders and traditional healers, and observed cultural events like shamanic performances. This paper reveals how achieving a profound understanding of indigenous knowledge traditions will be an integral part of how researchers approach indigenous communities in future studies

Shifting Ethnographic Paradigms and Practices: Unleashing From Colonialism

This paper demonstrates realist ethnographic paradigms and practices of engaging an extended period of time to collect the information of distinctive socio-cultural structures or institutions of alien tribal or indigenous societies and describing their cultural ways of life patterns in positivistic manner detaching them from the research process. It argues that the interpretive or hermeneutic wave of ethnography deconstructs this Western hegemonic research tradition giving birth to the interpretation of socio-cultural world of the researched attaching meaning to what they say and do. It further argues that the emergence of critical reflexive ethnographic tradition is the dramatic shift that challenges the colonial ethnographic practices giving space to the self as reflexive research participant.  It helps to contest the colonial assumptions of structured and objective visualization of the world and authoritative representation of the other. The ethnographic tradition is further shifting towards promoting epistemic pluralism under postmodern ideologies employing multiple logics and genres to represent the self and the other. Auto/ethnography that embodies the postmodern notions facilitates the researchers to release from the cage of colonialism serving to adopt multiple ways of knowing indigenously being self-reflexive participants in the research process

Biometric properties of onion seedlings relevant to the development of onion seedling transplanter

A study was conducted to investigate biometric properties of seedlings of three common varieties of onion viz. Pusa Red, Set-126 and Pusa Ridhi (50, 60, 70 days old). The parameters determined were weight of seedling without and with de-topping, bulb diameter, stem diameter, height, moisture content, compressive strength and coefficient of static friction. The weight of seedlings without de-topping ranged from 0.53 to 3.05 g while with de-topping ranged from 0.47 to 1.68 g for all the three cultivars. The bulb and stem diameter for all varieties ranged from 3.13 to 5.76 g for bulb and 2.44 to 4.33 g for stem whereas height varied from 14.48 cm to 34.65 cm, among all Pusa red was taller than Set-126 and Pusa Ridhi. The moisture content at different age and for all cultivars ranged from 84.89 to 91.63 % (wb). The average coefficient of static friction for mild steel (MS), aluminum and galvanized iron (GI) varied from 0.63 to 0.79. The compressive strength of bulb and stem of seedlings were 9.76 to 19.54 N for bulb and 4.08 to 8.17 N for stem respectively for 50 to 70 days seedlings. This information was not available but is critical in designing and selection of different components of onion seedling transplanter

Optimization of a divided wall column for the separation of C4-C6 normal paraffin mixture using Box-Behnken design

In the present study, simulation of a divided wall column (DWC) was carried out to study the product quality and energy efficiency as a function of reflux rate, liquid spilt and vapour split for the separation of C4-C6 normal paraffin ternary mixture. Rigorous simulation of the DWC was carried out using Multifrac model of ASPEN Plus software. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for the optimization of parameters and to evaluate the effects and interaction of the process parameters such as reflux rate (r), liquid split (l) and vapour split (v). It was found that the number of simulation runs reduced significantly for the optimization of DWC by BBD. Optimization by BBD under response surface methodology (RSM) vividly underscores interactions between variables and their effects. The predictions agree well with the results of the rigorous simulation

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETIDAKCUKUPAN KEBIJAKAN PELIMPAHAN SEBAGIAN WEWENANG PUSAT KE DAERAH DALAM BIDANG TRANSPORTASI

Urgensi studi ini adalah belum optimalnya sistem pelimpahan kewenangan yang turut diikuti oleh kinerja kebijakan tata kelola bus antar kota yang masih belum tertata secara optimal oleh bidang perhubungan. Dampak negatif yang paling nyata berupa ketidaknyamanan pengguna layanan transportasi darat tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan model kecukupan kebijakan Dunn. Pengambilan data diterapkan melalui wawancara, studi dokumen, dan focus grup discussion (FGD) dengan melibatkan sembilan informan. Teknik triangulasi diterapkan untuk memvalidasi data penelitian. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor ketidakcukupan (inadequacy) dilihat dari konteks pemerintah dan masyarakat. Pada konteks pemerintah, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi di antaranya ketertiban pemerintahan, sistem administrasi, campur tangan politik, regulasi keuangan, hukum, konteks pendidikan, konteks teknis, dan lingkungan politis. Sedangkan pada masyarakat antara lain aspek komersial, keamanan publik, nilai-nilai sosial budaya, sosial ekonomi dan makro ekonomi. Temuan sekaligus kebaruan dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa perubahan efektifitas berbanding lurus dengan perubahan harga serta berdampak pada pengelolaan terminal, yang mana temuan tersebut menjadi sebuah konsekuensi dan landasan dalam pengendalian kebijakan yang ada. Implikasi kebijakan yang muncul berupa peluang penarikan sebagian kewenangan daerah ke pusat di bidang perhubungan pada kondisi-kondisi tertentu

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETIDAKCUKUPAN KEBIJAKAN PELIMPAHAN SEBAGIAN WEWENANG PUSAT KE DAERAH DALAM BIDANG TRANSPORTASI

Urgensi studi ini adalah belum optimalnya sistem pelimpahan kewenangan yang turut diikuti oleh kinerja kebijakan tata kelola bus antar kota yang masih belum tertata secara optimal oleh bidang perhubungan. Dampak negatif yang paling nyata berupa ketidaknyamanan pengguna layanan transportasi darat tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan model kecukupan kebijakan Dunn. Pengambilan data diterapkan melalui wawancara, studi dokumen, dan focus grup discussion (FGD) dengan melibatkan sembilan informan. Teknik triangulasi diterapkan untuk memvalidasi data penelitian. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor ketidakcukupan (inadequacy) dilihat dari konteks pemerintah dan masyarakat. Pada konteks pemerintah, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi di antaranya ketertiban pemerintahan, sistem administrasi, campur tangan politik, regulasi keuangan, hukum, konteks pendidikan, konteks teknis, dan lingkungan politis. Sedangkan pada masyarakat antara lain aspek komersial, keamanan publik, nilai-nilai sosial budaya, sosial ekonomi dan makro ekonomi. Temuan sekaligus kebaruan dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa perubahan efektifitas berbanding lurus dengan perubahan harga serta berdampak pada pengelolaan terminal, yang mana temuan tersebut menjadi sebuah konsekuensi dan landasan dalam pengendalian kebijakan yang ada. Implikasi kebijakan yang muncul berupa peluang penarikan sebagian kewenangan daerah ke pusat di bidang perhubungan pada kondisi-kondisi tertentu

Local Values in Governance: Legacy of Choho in Forest and School Management in a Tamang Community in Nepal

The political modernization in Nepal accelerated since 1951 when the country changed its course owing to a popular movement that was acclaimed as the beginning of democracy in the country. However, the governments continued cultural and political homogenization.  This has been so in the case of local governance practices as well. Modern governing structures/institutions are guided by the state formed policies and elite-based power structures despite the fact that different ethnic groups in Nepal have their own traditional self-governance systems. In this context, this article unfolds the inheritance of traditional practices of the Tamang community (one of the major ethnic groups of Nepal), in a village, in the district adjoining Kathmandu valley, within the modern structures of governance of forest and school management systems. The paper argues that there is a legacy of the traditional institution, the Choho, though the system of Choho itself has now largely disappeared. This paper, based on ethnographic fieldwork, presents the accounts of Choho and examples of how the particular norms, values, beliefs, and practices are still in practice challenging and denying the modern/state formed mechanisms of governing the forests and schools in the village. The paper further argues that given the modern governance system, the traditional souvenir exchange practice that was rooted in the notion of honour and respect has now shifted towards the practice of giving and receiving gifts based upon the principle of reciprocal benefits that could be described as a bribe

Models for crop parameters due to normal load of tractor and number of passes

Multiple passage of power machinery system particularly heavy machines with high wheel loads creates sub-soil compaction which results into increasing in soil bulk density & penetration resistance and reduction in water infiltration, crop germination, growth as well as yield. This study was conducted to determine the different crop growth and crop yield models could be developed to predict growth as well as yield of crop considering normal load and number of passes of tractor. A 36-plot experiment consisting of 12 treatments with three replications were set up using a randomized block design in a uniform field of Division of Agricultural Engineering, IARI, New Delhi during the period of 2007-08. Prediction models were developed between compaction parameters (normal loads and number of passes) and crop parameters like (a) plant height, (b) number of plants per meter, and (c) yield. In, other models a relation between crop yield and sub-soil bulk density and penetration resistance were established and their sensitivity analysis was done for developed models. The best fit model for plant height and number of plants per meter row was quadratic. However, the best fit model between yield vs soil bulk density and yield vs penetration resistance was exponential and quadratic, respectively. The developed model is not more sensitive for number of plants per meter row and yield vs soil bulk density. However, model was more sensitive to plant height model and yield vs soil penetration resistance is more sensitive