प्रवाल भित्ति पर जलवायु परिवर्तन का प्रभाव

प्रवाल भित्ति पर जलवायु परिवर्तन का प्रभा

The COVID‐19 Pandemic Not Only Poses Challenges, but Also Opens Opportunities for Sustainable Transformation

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted social, economic, and environmental systems worldwide, slowing down and reversing the progress made in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDGs belong to the 2030 Agenda to transform our world by tackling humankind's challenges to ensure well-being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. We explore the potential impacts of the pandemic on SDGs for Nepal. We followed a knowledge co-creation process with experts from various professional backgrounds, involving five steps: online survey, online workshop, assessment of expert's opinions, review and validation, and revision and synthesis. The pandemic has negatively impacted most SDGs in the short term. Particularly, the targets of SDG 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13 have and will continue to have weakly to moderately restricting impacts. However, a few targets of SDG 2, 3, 6, and 11 could also have weakly promoting impacts. The negative impacts have resulted from impeding factors linked to the pandemic. Many of the negative impacts may subside in the medium and long terms. The key five impeding factors are lockdowns, underemployment and unemployment, closure of institutions and facilities, diluted focus and funds for non-COVID-19-related issues, and anticipated reduction in support from development partners. The pandemic has also opened a window of opportunity for sustainable transformation, which is short-lived and narrow. These opportunities are lessons learned for planning and action, socio-economic recovery plan, use of information and communication technologies and the digital economy, reverse migration and “brain gain,” and local governments' exercising authorities

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Inclusion of the excluded in education: an inter state analysis of universal elementary education in India

Development history of various countries has shown that Education is an essential instrument in uplifting the society from its different social and economic problems. Elementary Education is a fundamental right in Indian Constitution. Significant attempts have been made in the world in general and India in particular for achieving the Universal Elementary Education (UEE). World summits like Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDG) gave strong foundation for UEE and gender equality in educational opportunity. In this context an attempt has been made to understand the performance of states in Inclusion of the Excluded in education. In this analysis girls and different religious and social groups are considered as excluded group. The important objective is to evaluate the performance of different states in the inclusion of this excluded group in education through the implementation of Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA). It is based on available secondary data. Regression model has been used to understand the factors responsible for differential performance of the states. It is observed that educationally backward states have improved their expenditure on education considerably after the introduction of SSA. Lower Gender Parity Index indicating higher gender gap is observed in educationally poor states. Enrolment of Muslim students has improved significantly compared to other social groups. State expenditure on education, per capita income, sex ratio, NSDP and Girls enrolment found to be significant in explaining the differential performance of the states

Resistivity studies of metal complexes of lignocaine hydrochloride

The temperature dependence of resistivities of the complexes lignocainehydrochloride-chromium (CRE), monochlorotrinitro copper(II) lignocaine (CUNL) and lignocainehydrochloride-manganese (MNL) has been studied. All the compounds exhibit semiconducting behaviour which cars be accounted for by the stacking of the donor and acceptor molecules in the crystal structure. The degree of fall of resistivity of the compounds decreases in the order MNL, CRL, CUNL, The complex CUNL shows appreciable conductivity in the temperature range 234-279 K, as well as in the range 388-468 K. This behaviour might be attributed to the phase transition (if it exists) of the complex at a lower temperature