Oral piercing and oral diseases: a short time retrospective study.

Body piercing indicates the puncturing of a part of the body in which jewelry may be worn. In recent years, oral piercing is increasingly popular especially among young people. Body piercing has to be considered as a surgical procedure to all intents and purposes and, as such, has to be performed only by qualified personnel able to assure high standards of professionalism in facilities subject to sanitary inspections. The aim of the present work is to verify what risks patients may be exposed to and what complications may occur after a healthcare professional performs oral piercing. Our retrospective study includes 108 patients (74 males and 34 females) aged between 14 and 39 years, who had oral piercing done 12±4 months earlier. All the patients underwent clinical examination to reveal the possible presence of late complications. After piercing, none of the 108 patients developed widespread complications. Although all patients said they had followed the piercers' instructions, 96% of them reported postoperative local complications such as bleeding within 12 hours of piercing (90%), perile-sional edema for 3±2 days after piercing surgery (80%), and persistent mucosal atrophy (70%). © Ivyspring International Publisher

ORTHOPEDIC JOINT STABILITY INFLUENCES GROWTH AND MAXILLARY DEVELOPMENT: CLINICAL ASPECTS

Orthopedic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) instability is very common among children and adults. It is often associated with pain in the cervicofacial region, and muscle contraction. To investigate whether muscle contraction can cause permanent posterior rotation of the head and whether treatment with splint and kinetotherapy is efficient, a literature review was carried out of patients with pain in the cervicofacial area. Additionally, the case of a 15-year old patient presenting with permanent posterior rotation of cranium, with no movement between the first two vertebra and pain in the cervicofacial area was reported. Kinetotherapy followed by rapid maxillary expansion improved the function of cervical vertebrae and reduced the cervicofacial pain within the first two weeks. Kinetotherapy, rapid maxillary expansion, and orthodontic treatment with a stable joint position could be a good therapy to control occipital-atlas function

Possible association between lesions of endodontic origin, infectogenomics and myocarditis

Periodontal disease are chronic infectious disease in which bacteria initiate the host immune response determining at the end of a more or less time damage for tooth. In periodontitis, the clinical findings of bone resorption and loss of clinical attachment level around tooth are a result of inflammatory mediated alterations to the bone remodeling balance. The inflammatory infiltrate present between the plaque biofilm, bone and connective tissues regulate the host immune response to the bacteria.&nbsp;</p

Severe anisocoria after oral surgery under general anesthesia

Introduction. Anisocoria indicates a difference in pupil diameter. Etiologies of this clinical manifestation usually include systemic causes as neurological or vascular disorders, and local causes as congenital iris disorders and pharmacological effects. Case Report. We present a case of a 47-year-old man, suffering from spastic tetraparesis. After the oral surgery under general anesthesia, the patient developed severe anisocoria: in particular, a ~4mm diameter increase of the left pupil compared to the right pupil. We performed Computed Tomography (CT) in the emergency setting, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the brain and Magnetic Resonance Angiography of intracranial vessels. These instrumental examinations did not show vascular or neurological diseases. The pupils returned to their physiological condition (isocoria) after about 180 minutes. Discussion and Conclusions. Literature shows that the cases of anisocoria reported during or after oral surgery are rare occurrences, especially in cases of simple tooth extraction. Anisocoria can manifest in more or less evident forms: therefore, it is clear that knowing this clinical condition is of crucial importance for a correct and timely resolution. © Ivyspring International Publisher

Clinical trial with bromelain in third molar exodontia

Background and Objective: Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme, particularly effective in the treatment of soft tissue inflammations and traumas, in localized inflammations, especially in presence of hydropsy and also in postoperative tissue reactions. The aim of the present study is to assess the efficacy of bromelain in controlling the edema and its related pain in the inflamed area after upper third molar exodontia. Materials and Methods: The effectiveness of our protocol was evaluated by a clinical assessment of the profile of the hemiface corresponding to the treated area: indeed, the linear values of the trago-pogonion distances were measured. Algogens were determined by VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) (Figure 1) with integers ranging from 1 (no pain) to 8 (maximum pain) up to a maximum of 10 (paroxysmal and unbearable pain). Results and Conclusions: The obtained results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of bromelain in treating postoperative edema after third molar surgery

Surgical Removal of lipoma from an area with tattooed skin

The presence of tattoos on the skin of people of all ages is on the rise. On occasion, the tattoo is in close proximity to an area which has to undergo a surgical operation, therefore why not using the tattoo itself to cover the cicatrix? The case we treated was that of a 39 year old female who, for a couple of years, had a large lipoma on her right shoulder which she never treated because it was beneath a large tattoo. During the surgical treatment of the lipoma, we followed the exact lines of the tattoo itself thus obtaining precise access for lipoma removal which minimized visible post operative cicatrix while maintaining the original tattoo design. No similar case was found in literature. © Ivyspring International Publisher

Influence of endodontic treatment on systemic oxidative stress.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: An increased production of oxidizing species related to reactive oral diseases, such as chronic apical periodontitis, could have systemic implications such as an increase in cardiovascular morbidity. Based on this consideration, we conducted a prospective study to assess whether subjects affected by chronic periodontitis presented with higher values of oxidative stress than reference values before endodontic treatment, and whether endodontic treatment can reduce the oxidative imbalance and bring it back to normal in these subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors recruited 2 groups of patients from private studies and dental clinics: these patients were recruited randomly. The oxidative balance in both patients with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) and healthy control patients was determined by measuring the oxidant status, using an identification of the reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test, while the antioxidant status in these patients was determined using a biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test. Both these tests were carried on plasma samples taken from enrolled patients. Values were measured both before the endodontic treatment of the patients with chronic apical periodontitis, and 30 and 90 days after treatment, and compared to those obtained from healthy control patients. RESULTS: It was found that, on recruitment, the patients with chronic apical periodontitis exhibited significantly higher levels of oxidative stress than control patients, as determined by the d-ROMs and BAP tests. Furthermore, the d-ROMs test values were shown to decrease and the BAP test values to increase over time in patients with chronic apical periodontitis following endodontic therapy. As the levels of oxidative stress in these patients tended to reduce and return to normal by 90 days following treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated a positive association between chronic apical periodontitis and oxidative stress. Subjects affected by chronic apical periodontitis are exposed to a condition of oxidative stress, which is extremely dangerous to general health. Moreover, one can infer from these findings that through proper endodontic therapy, a good oxidative balance can be restored, thereby avoiding the risk of contracting the abovementioned diseases

CHARGE syndrome: An overview on dental and maxillofacial features

Abstract OBJECTIVES: CHARGE is an acronym referring to the aspects of this rare syndromic condition. Patients with CHARGE association are today considered as subjects lacking in pathognomonic dental alterations. The present study is aimed at adding to the body of evidence of the cases reported in literature and the continuous clinical research which show a clinical picture which is strongly associated with patients afflicted by this syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report a case-series of 8 patients with CHARGE syndrome. The dental features associated with CHARGE syndrome are from case-reports, but without a congruity that can lead to a definition of the dental condition typical of the CHARGE phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: The systemic problems affecting these patients are predominant in compromising their quality of life: this is the reason for a frequent lack of a diagnostics and interceptive phase, relative to oral diseases. We report new oral pathological conditions affecting CHARGE patients. Knowledge of these pathological conditions may induce dentists to carry out specific diagnoses of these patients, thus, avoiding the deterioration of oral conditions

Use of dermal-fat grafts in the post-oncological reconstructive surgery of atrophies in the zygomatic region: clinical evaluations in the patients undergone to previous radiation therapy

Abstract Introduction: Grafting of autologous adipose tissue can be recommended in some cases of facial plastic surgery. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of cancer that can also affect the orbit. Enucleation of the eye can cause atrophy of the corresponding hemiface and decreased orbital growth. Case report: We report a case of a female patient with a medical history of surgical enucleation of the right eyeball, who had received rhabdomyosarcoma radiation therapy in her youth. The patient presented with a depression in the right zygomatic region. We took a dermal-fat flap from the abdominal region, which had been previously treated. Results: The surgical outcome, 48 hours, and much clearly 31 days after the surgery, revealed that the right zygomatic region had returned to its proper anatomical shape, although there were still signs of postoperative edema. Discussion: Very damaged tissues, like those exposed to radiation therapy, are generally not suitable for grafting of adipose tissue. Conclusions: In the described case, we achieved a technically and aesthetically satisfying result despite the patient's medical history involving several perplexities about the use of autologous dermal-fat tissues, because of prior radiation therapy exposure. The clinical case shows that even a region exposed to radiation therapy can be a valid receiving bed for dermal-fat grafting