Ciclovias, atividade física no lazer e hipertensão arterial: um estudo longitudinal

Living close to green areas and regions with high walkability index contribute to reducing the risk of diseases, but there are few longitudinal studies in low-and middle-income countries. In São Paulo, there was an important policy to implement bicycle paths, and the protective effect of physical activities on diseases such as hypertension is already known. To verify the relationships between possible changes in exposure to bike paths within 1 km of homes with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), we used data from a cohort where n=1,431 people were evaluated between 2014/2015 and 2020/2021. LTPA and hypertension were assessed by questionnaires. The availability of bike paths within 1 km of residential addresses was evaluated between 2015 and 2020 by georeferencing and changes in the period were calculated. Bivariate statistical associations and multilevel analyzes were performed. There was an increase in hypertension (from 26.2% to 35.6%) and in LTPA (from 36.4% to 47.6%), but they were inversely associated in both periods (p<0.001). The increase of exposition in bike paths was more localized in the central regions of the city. Multilevel analyzes showed that people who were exposed to positive maintenance or an increase in bike paths were more likely to practice LTPA in the period (OR=1.39 CI95% 1.07-1.79). However, it is necessary to expand these facilities throughout the city of São Paulo to reduce environmental inequalities and to contribute more effectively to the prevention of hypertension.Residir nas proximidades de áreas verdes e em regiões com altos índices de caminhabilidade contribui para diminuir o risco de doenças, mas existem poucos estudos longitudinais em países de baixa e média rendas. Em São Paulo houve uma política importante de implementação de ciclovias e já é conhecido o efeito protetor das práticas de atividades físicas em doenças como a hipertensão arterial. Para verificar as relações entre possíveis mudanças na exposição às ciclovias a até 1 km das residências com as práticas de Atividade Física no Lazer (AFL), utilizamos dados de uma coorte onde foram avaliadas n=1.431 pessoas entre 2014/2015 e 2020/2021. As AFL e a hipertensão foram avaliadas por questionários. A disponibilidade de ciclovias a até 1 km dos endereços residenciais foi avaliada entre 2015 e 2020 por georreferenciamento e foram calculadas as mudanças no período. Foram realizadas associações estatísticas bivariadas e análises multiníveis. Houve aumento na hipertensão (de 26,2% para 35,6%) e na AFL (de 36,4% para 47,6%), mas foram associadas inversamente em ambos os períodos (p<0,001). O aumento das ciclovias foi mais localizado em regiões centrais da cidade. As análises multiníveis mostraram que as pessoas que foram expostas a manutenção positiva ou aumento da exposição de ciclovias tiveram mais chances de praticarem AFL no período (OR=1,39 IC95% 1,07-1,79). No entanto, é preciso ampliar esta estrutura por toda a cidade de São Paulo, para que possamos diminuir as iniquidades ambientais e contribuir de forma mais efetiva para a prevenção da hipertensão

The influence of noise, vibration, cycle paths, and period of day on stress experienced by cyclists

Urban and transport planners need to assess the stressful conditions experienced by cyclists, considering that highly stressful situations can discourage people from cycling as a transport mode. Therefore, this study has two objectives: (1) to present a method for monitoring stress and other environmental factors along cycling routes using smart sensors; and (2) to analyze the influence of noise, vibration, presence of cycle paths, and the period of the day on stress experienced by cyclists. Data were collected in the city of Sao Carlos, Brazil, using stress and noise sensors, accelerometers, and Global Positioning System (GPS). Primarily, heat maps generated from the data made it possible to identify critical points of stress along the routes. In addition, the results of a logistic regression model were analyzed to identify the influence of the studied variables on stress. Although high levels of noise increased the odds of experiencing stress by 4%, very uncomfortable vibrations increased the odds by 14%, and the presence of cycle paths reduced the odds by 8%, an analysis of p-values and odds ratio confidence intervals shows, with a 95% confidence level, that only the period of the day influenced stress, as confirmed by the data. In this case, the odds of having stress increased by 24% in the afternoon rush hour compared to the morning rush hour

Cyclists' noise exposure in a Brazilian medium-sized city

This study aimed to assess cyclists' exposure to noise in a medium-sized Brazilian city. Mobile sensors were used to conduct noise measurements in streets with and without dedicated cycling infrastructures. The method can be summarized in the following procedures: i) characterization of the study area; ii) data collection and validation; iii) calculation of exposure indicators; and iv) comparison and representation of the results on maps. Two strategies were adopted for the analysis, namely, spatial data aggregation and temporal data aggregation. Thus, measurements were initially organized in 1,200 nodes distributed along the paths. The results indicate that bicycle riders in Sao Carlos may be exposed, in some routes, to a high proportion of high noise-level segments. In the two routes selected for this study, the cyclist was exposed to noise levels above the adopted threshold (> 75dBA) in 33.2% and 18.9% of the nodes. Also, the possibility of simultaneously working with two related indicators has broadened the classification criteria of the route segments regarding noise exposure

Exercise and spirulina control non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and lipid profile in diabetic Wistar rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diabetes mellitus is associated with metabolic dysfunctions, including alterations in circulating lipid levels and fat tissue accumulation, which causes, among other pathologies, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</p> <p>Aim of the study</p> <p>The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of physical exercise and <it>spirulina </it>intake on the control of NAFLD in diabetic Wistar rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Diabetes was induced in the animals through intravenous administration of alloxan. The rats were divided into four groups: Diabetic Control (DC) - diabetic rats fed with a control diet and no physical exercise; Diabetic <it>Spirulina </it>(DS) - diabetic rats fed with a diet that included <it>spirulina</it>; Diabetic <it>Spirulina </it>and Exercise (DSE) - diabetic rats fed with a diet that included <it>Spirulina </it>and that exercised; and Diabetic Exercise (DE) - diabetic rats fed with a control diet and that exercised.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The groups DS, DSE, and DE presented lower plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol than DC, as well as lower levels of total liver lipids in groups DS, DSE, and DE in comparison to DC.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Thus, <it>spirulina </it>appears to be effective in reducing total circulating levels of LDL-cholesterol and hepatic lipids, alone or in conjunction with physical exercise in diabetic rats.</p

Health related quality of life is differently associated with leisure-time physical activity intensities according to gender: a cross-sectional approach

Background: Several studies have demonstrated a positive association between physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQL). However, studies have suggested that this association depends both on the PA intensity and the domain of HRQL evaluated. This study aimed to explore the association between physical, mental and overall HRQL with recommended levels of PA. PA levels were divided into moderate and vigorous intensity leisure-time PA and total leisure-time PA.Methods: The study included 1001 adults, 582 women (46 +/- 17 years) and 419 men (43 +/- 16 years), residents in Rio Claro-SP, Brazil. All participants completed the SF-36 questionnaire to assess HRQL and the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess level and intensities of leisure-time PA. Total leisure-time PA at moderate intensity was classified as: less than 9 min/week, 10-149 min/week, 150-299 min/week and 300 min/ week or more. Total leisure-time PA at vigorous intensity was classified as: less than 9 min/week, 10 to 74.9 min/week, 75-149 min/week and 150 min/week or more. Multiple linear regression was performed in STATA version 12.0.Results: Among women, moderate intensity and total leisure-time PA were associated with physical health. Among men, moderate and vigorous intensity and total leisure-time PA were associated with physical health and overall HRQL. Furthermore, moderate intensity and total leisure-time PA were associated with mental health in men. However, vigorous intensity PA was not associated with mental health for this group.Conclusion: The different domains of HRQL were associated with different levels and intensities of PA in leisure-time according to gender of adults. These findings indicate the complexity and importance of evaluating the HRQL stratified by gender and consider the different levels and intensities of PA.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Estratégias de planejamento cicloviário: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Este artigo tem como finalidade apresentar uma revisão sistemática da literatura, produzida nos últimos anos, a respeito do modo de transporte cicloviário, no que tange a intervenções no nível físico e político, diferenças entre o planejado e o executado, métodos e técnicas utilizadas para avaliação de estratégias de planejamento e a aproximação dessas estratégias com a realidade local. As pesquisas por trabalhos relacionados compreenderam tanto a literatura nacional quanto a internacional, considerando-se os anos de publicação entre 2000 e 2016. Ao fim de um extensivo processo de seleção, verificou-se que grande parte da produção e conhecimento técnico tem se direcionado a compreender o papel da infraestrutura na promoção do uso da bicicleta nas cidades, especialmente no que tange à condição essencial de segurança para atrair novos usuários. Muitos trabalhos dão ênfase à percepção dos usuários da bicicleta frente às intervenções adotadas, considerando seu potencial de atratividade, ou ainda abordando possíveis estratégias de planejamento para se chegar a uma rede considerada ideal, sobretudo no que diz respeito à prevenção de acidentes. Ainda que menos explorada, uma visão a respeito do pensamento político e técnico começa a ser traçada por pesquisadores, abordando as dificuldades para combinar o conhecimento técnico e científico aos desejos políticos

Hábitos de saúde de adolescentes beneficiários do Bolsa Família: um estudo exploratório. Health habits of adolescents benefiting from Bolsa Família: an exploratory study

Objetivo: analisar os hábitos de saúde de adolescentes beneficiários e não beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Métodos: os participantes foram adolescentes com idade entre 14 a 17 anos, moradores de uma cidade do Sul de Minas Gerais, categorizados em beneficiários e não beneficiários. Foram avaliados o peso corporal, estatura, hábitos alimentares e nível de atividade física pelo International Physical Activity Questionnarie (versão longa). Foi realizado o teste “t” no programa Stata e adotado um p&lt;0,05 para significância. Resultados: participaram 16 adolescentes beneficiários (15,4±0,8 anos) e 16 adolescentes não beneficiários (15,1±1,0 anos) de ambos os sexos, todos caracterizados com Índice de Massa Corporal normal; mas, quanto ao nível de atividade física, o grupo de beneficiários apresentou maior tempo de atividade física no transporte e total (816,5 min/semana e 1953,7 min/semana), já os não beneficiários apresentaram maior comportamento sedentário durante a semana (552,5 min/dia). Com relação aos hábitos alimentares, os não beneficiários apresentaram uma ingestão de leites e derivados nos finais de semana (5,2 vezes/dia) significativamente maior quando comparados aos beneficiários do programa (3,3 vezes/dia). Conclusão: os beneficiários apresentaram um maior nível de atividade física no transporte e no total e menor tempo de comportamento sedentário quando comparado com os não beneficiários. Entretanto, para as outras variáveis de saúde não foram verificadas diferenças entre os participantes.Palavras-chave: atividade física; estado nutricional; política pública; adolescente.AbstractObjective: to analyse the health habits of adolescent beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF). Methods: participants were adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old, living in a city in the south of Minas Gerais, classified as beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. Body weight, height, eating habits and level of physical activity were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnarie (long version). The t-test was performed in the Stata program and a p&lt;0.05 was adopted for significance. Results: 16 beneficiary adolescents (15.4 ± 0.8 years) and 16 non-beneficiary adolescents (15.1 ± 1.0 years) of both sexes participated. All of them characterized with normal Body Mass Index, but as for the level of physical activity, the group of beneficiaries had a longer time of physical activity in transportation and total (816.5 min / week and 1953.7 min / week), while non-beneficiaries, a greater sedentary behaviour during the week (552.5 min / day). Regarding eating habits, non-beneficiaries had a significantly higher intake of milk and dairy products on weekends (5.2 times / day) when compared to program beneficiaries (3.3 times / day). Conclusion: beneficiaries showed higher level of community and total physical activity and lower level of sedentary behaviour when compared with no-beneficiaries. However, for the other health variables, there was no difference between the participants.Keywords: physical activity; nutritional status; public policy; adolescent

Use of statistics in Physical Education: analysis of national publications between 2009 and 2011

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o padrão de uso da estatística em artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais da área da Educação Física. Para tal, foram analisados todos os artigos publicados no triênio 2009-2011 de periódicos da área de Educação Física com estratificação B2 ou superior no QUALIS CAPES (Área 21) vigente. No levantamento bibliográfico foram encontrados 872 artigos nas cinco revistas pesquisadas, que foram classificados em sem estatística, estatística descritiva e estatística analítica. Para as análises, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e o intervalo de confiança de 95% para comparar a diferença entre as proporções e, quando necessário, o teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística. Observou-se uma menor proporção de trabalhos com análise descritiva (7,1%; IC95% = 5,4%-8,8%) quando comparados com os artigos sem estatística (46,3%; IC95% = 42,9%-49,6%) e com estatística analítica (46,6%; IC95% = 43,2%-49,9%). O padrão de uso de procedimentos estatísticos variou entre as cinco revistas científicas e entre as áreas de concentração (Saúde, Esporte, Lazer, Educação e Outras). A proporção dos artigos que não atenderam aos pressupostos básicos para a utilização de testes paramétricos foi de 43,3%. Essa proporção não apresentou diferença significativa ao longo dos três anos analisados, região de afiliação dos primeiros e últimos autores ou em relação à titulação dos primeiros e últimos autores. O presente estudo aponta um cenário preocupante no que tange à utilização da estatística na área de Educação Física, pois, além do alto índice de trabalhos que não seguem os pressupostos básicos para utilização da estatística, essa situação parece ser comum independente da titulação dos autores, região de afiliação ou revista de publicação.The purpose of the present study was to verify the pattern of use of statistics in scientific articles published in national journals of the Physical Education area. Thus, all articles published in the 2009-2011triennium of the Physical Education journals stratified at B2 or higher in the current QUALIS CAPES (Field 21) were analyzed. The bibliographic search found 872 articles in the five journals selected, which were classified into no statistics, descriptive statistics and analytical statistics. For the analysis, descriptive statistics was performed and the 95% confidence interval to compare the difference between the proportions and, when necessary, the chi-square test and Logistic Regression. There was a lower proportion of articles with descriptive analysis (7.1%, 95%CI=5.4%-8.8%) compared with those with no statistics (46.3%, 95%CI=42.9%-49.6%) and analytical statistics (46.6%, 95%CI=43.2%-49.9%). The pattern of use of statistical procedures ranged among the five scientific journals and across fields of concentration (Health, Sport, Leisure, Education and Others). The proportion of articles which did not meet the basic assumptions for the use of parametric test was 43.3%. This proportion was not significantly different over the three years analyzed, first and last authors' region of affiliation of or for the first and last authors' degree. The present study points out a worrying scenario regarding the use of statistics in the area of Physical Education, because besides the high amount of work which do not follow the basic assumptions for statistical use , this situation seems to be common regardless of authors' degree, region of affiliation or journal of publication