Data assessment and prioritization in mobile networks for real-time prediction of spatial information using machine learning

A new framework of data assessment and prioritization for real-time prediction of spatial information is presented. The real-time prediction of spatial information is promising for next-generation mobile networks. Recent developments in machine learning technology have enabled prediction of spatial information, which will be quite useful for smart mobility services including navigation, driving assistance, and self-driving. Other key enablers for forming spatial information are image sensors in mobile devices like smartphones and tablets and in vehicles such as cars and drones and real-time cognitive computing like automatic number/license plate recognition systems and object recognition systems. However, since image data collected by mobile devices and vehicles need to be delivered to the server in real time to extract input data for real-time prediction, the uplink transmission speed of mobile networks is a major impediment. This paper proposes a framework of data assessment and prioritization that reduces the uplink traffic volume while maintaining the prediction accuracy of spatial information. In our framework, machine learning is used to estimate the importance of each data element and to predict spatial information under the limitation of available data. A numerical evaluation using an actual vehicle mobility dataset demonstrated the validity of the proposed framework. Two extension schemes in our framework, which use the ensemble of importance scores obtained from multiple feature selection methods, are also presented to improve its robustness against various machine learning and feature selection methods. We discuss the performance of those schemes through numerical evaluation

Effect of anti-attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication on clinical seizures and sleep EEG : A retrospective study of Japanese children with ADHD

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of The Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology.Aims: Patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit basic or paroxysmal wave abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG). Methylphenidate (MPH), an anti-ADHD stimulant, has been reported to lower the seizure threshold. However, there have been no reports comparing EEG changes before and after administration of the central nervous system (CNS) stimulant MPH, or atomoxetine (ATX) hydrochloride, a non-CNS stimulant. In this study, we investigated changes in sleep EEG before and after the administration of ADHD treatment drugs. Method: With the approval of the ethics committee, the medical records of 28 children with ADHD (23 men and 5 women) who gave consent were retrospectively investigated. The appearance of sudden abnormal waves during a 10-minute sleep EEG recording was measured in 0.1-second units, and the duration of these waves was calculated as the paroxysmal index (PI). Results: Paroxysmal index did not differ significantly between patients who received MPH and those who received ATX. In addition, there were no exacerbations of clinical seizures. Conclusion: It was concluded that ADHD medications do not have an adverse effect on epileptic seizures or abnormal sleep EEGs.Peer reviewe

Clinical profile of reading ability and reading and writing achievement of children with borderline full-scale intellectual quotient : a prospective study

Background Poor reading ability is one of the common causes of low academic performance. In previous studies, children with dyslexia were found to demonstrate poor academic achievement due to poor reading ability. However, the relationship between academic achievement and reading ability in children with a borderline full-scale intellectual quotient (FSIQ) is unknown. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of children with borderline FSIQ and poor reading ability, and differentiate these characteristics from those of children with higher FSIQ and poor reading ability. Methods A total of 126 children (aged 6-15 years) identified as having low academic performance were enrolled. The reading ability of children was assessed through their performance on the hiragana (Japanese syllabary) reading task, while their reading and writing achievement was assessed through their reading and writing score on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition. Children were categorized into two groups based on their FSIQ score (FSIQ > 85 and 85 >= FSIQ >= 70). Reading ability in children was evaluated by referring to the linear relationship between FSIQ and the standard deviation value of reading tasks in typically developing children. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine clinical characteristics between higher and lower FSIQ groups. Associations between reading and writing achievement, reading ability, and ages of children were assessed using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients for the higher and lower FSIQ groups. Results Poorer reading and writing achievement was associated with poorer reading ability in the higher FSIQ group. Conversely, poorer reading and writing achievement and poor reading ability were associated with older age in the lower FSIQ group. Conclusions Poor reading and writing achievement were associated with older age, not with poor reading ability in the lower FSIQ group. Children with lower FSIQ need appropriate educational interventions based on independent assessments to further their academic achievement and reading ability. Moreover, they need more frequent evaluations of their academic achievement than do children with higher FSIQ and poor reading ability since they are more likely to be at a lower academic achievement level at an older age.Peer reviewe

Prevention of Suppurative Knee Arthritis after Knee Ligament Reconstructive Surgery―“Povidone-iodine Pickled” Reconstructed Ligament―

Despite many reports describing the surgical procedure for knee ligament reconstruction, especially the anterior cruciate ligament, there have been few reports on infection prevention and none on sterilizing reconstruction materials using povidone-iodine during surgery. Here we report our surgical techniques for infection prevention. The participants included 522 patients who underwent arthroscopic knee ligament reconstruction at our hospital from April 2001 to October 2005. Despite taking various measures after cases of infection in 2001, such as the selection of sutures and artificial ligaments, and the use of indwelling intra-articular drains, the infection rate was not reduced to zero. Recently, we felt that soaking reconstruction ligaments in povidone-iodine and then washing with saline （“povidone-iodine pickling”） immediately prior to burr-hole insertion may prevent bacterial infections caused by surgical instruments and the surgery. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of our techniques for intraoperative and postoperative infection prevention, including “povidone-iodine pickling”. Although there were 6 cases of infection out of 100 in 2001, 3 out of 112 in 2002, 2 out of 121 in 2003, and 1 out of 121 in 2004, there were no cases of infection from September 2004 to October 2005 when “povidone-iodine pickling” was positively carried out. According to a 2015 study on the use of povidone-iodine, immersing a graft dropped on the floor during surgery in a chlorhexidine gluconate or povidone-iodine solution significantly reduced contamination of the graft. While the use of povidone-iodine for infection prevention may produce cytotoxicity, it is essential to mitigate the risk of septic arthritis. Going forward, we need to understand the specific pathologic basis of any cytotoxicity caused by the use of povidone-iodine on reconstructed ligaments

ω-Carboxyl variants of 7-ketocholesteryl esters are ligands for β2-glycoprotein I and mediate antibody-dependent uptake of oxidized LDL by macrophages

beta(2)-Glycoprotein I (beta(2)-GPI) is a major antigen for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL, Abs) present in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. We recently reported that beta(2)-GPI specifically binds to oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and that the beta(2)-GPI's major ligand, oxLig-1 is 7-ketocholesteryl-9-carboxynonanoate (Kobayashi, K, E. Matsuura, Q. P. Liu, J. Furukawa, K. Kaihara, J. Inagaki, T. Atsumi, N. Sakairi, T. Yasuda, D. R. Welker, and T. Koike. 2001. A specific ligand for beta(2)-glycoprotein I mediates autoantibody-dependent uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein by macrophages. J Lipid Res. 42: 697-709). In the present study, we demonstrate that omega-carboxylated 7-ketocholesteryl esters are critical for beta(2)-GPI binding. A positive ion mass spectrum of a novel ligand, designated oxLig-2, showed fragmented ions at m/z 383 and 441 in the presence of acetone, which share features of oxLig-1 and 7-ketocholesterol. In the negative ion mode, ions at m/z 627, 625, and 243 were observed. oxLig-2 was most likely 7-ketocholesteryl-12-carboxy (keto) dodecanoate. These ligands were recognized by beta(2)-GPI. Liposome binding to macrophages was significantly increased depending on the ligand's concentration, in the presence of beta(2)-GPI and an anti-beta(2)-GPI Ab. Synthesized variant, 7-ketocholesteryl-13-carboxytxidecanoate (13-COOH-7KC), also showed a significant interaction with beta(2)-GPI and a similar binding profile with macrophages. Methylation of the carboxyl function diminished all of the specific ligand interactions with beta(2)-GPI. Thus, omega-carboxyl variants of 7-ketocholesteryl esters can mediate anti-beta(2)-GPI Ab-dependent uptake of oxLDL by macrophages, and autoimmune atherogenesis linked to beta(2)-GPI interaction with oxLDL

Characterization of a Murine Anti-laminin-1 Monoclonal Antibody (AK8) Produced by Immunization with Mouse-derived Laminin-1

Laminin-1 is a structural glycoprotein that forms an integral part of the scaffolding of basement membranes, and plays an important role during embryonic development. We have recently demonstrated a significant association between anti-laminin-1 antibodies (Abs) and reproductive failure, such as recurrent spontaneous abortions and infertility-associated endometriosis in both human and mouse studies. In the present study, we established an IgM (μ,κ) monoclonal anti-laminin-1 Ab (AK8) by immunizing mice with mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma (EHS)-derived laminin-α1. The AK8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) reacted with particular peptide sequences from the globular G domain of mouse laminin-α1 chain of using ELISA and Western blot techniques. The peptide tertiary structure of the epitope recognized by AK8 mAb was predicted using eight synthesized domain peptide sequences and three consensus sequences obtained by phage displayed random peptide library. Basement membranes of endometrium of pregnant mice and humans were immunostained with AK8 mAb. Thus, AK8 mAb recognized a common structure present in the G domain of the laminin-1 chain in both mice and humans. The passive immunization of mice with AK8 mAb may represent a suitable animal model for anti-laminin-1 Ab-mediated reproductive failure

The Effectiveness of Combined Medical Therapy and Hemodialysis for Hypercalcemia in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

A 71-year-old man with a right lower abdominal quadrant epithelial tumor developed gradually worsening lumbago and dysbasia. He became comatose and was admitted to our hospital. He had swelling of the left axillary lymph nodes and necrosis of the 4.0-cm diameter abdominal tumor, which infiltrated the subcutaneous tissues. He was hypercalcemic (16.7mg/dl), and had elevated levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (24,090U/ml) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (5.4pmol/l). Computerized tomography (CT) showed left axillary lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and a right abdominal-wall mass that was described as anaplastic large cell lymphoma upon pathology. Brain radiography and CT revealed multiple lesions infiltrating the cranium. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse low signal intensity throughout the vertebral spine. The patient was diagnosed with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) -negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma with hypercalcemia. Fluid replacement and drug therapies including calcitonin had no effect on the hypercalcemia or the coma. The patient\u27s serum calcium concentration decreased after hemodialysis (calcium dialysate concentration, 5mg/dl) and subsequent zoledronic acid hydrate therapy. His consciousness improved by the fifth day of treatment. This rare case of hypercalcemia in ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma improved with combined medical and hemodialysis therapy

Evolutionary histories of breast cancer and related clones

乳がん発生の進化の歴史を解明 --ゲノム解析による発がんメカニズムの探索--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-07-28.Tracking the ol' mutation trail: Unraveling the long history of breast cancer formation. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-08-31.Recent studies have documented frequent evolution of clones carrying common cancer mutations in apparently normal tissues, which are implicated in cancer development1, 2, 3. However, our knowledge is still missing with regard to what additional driver events take place in what order, before one or more of these clones in normal tissues ultimately evolve to cancer. Here, using phylogenetic analyses of multiple microdissected samples from both cancer and non-cancer lesions, we show unique evolutionary histories of breast cancers harbouring der(1;16), a common driver alteration found in roughly 20% of breast cancers. The approximate timing of early evolutionary events was estimated from the mutation rate measured in normal epithelial cells. In der(1;16)(+) cancers, the derivative chromosome was acquired from early puberty to late adolescence, followed by the emergence of a common ancestor by the patient’s early 30s, from which both cancer and non-cancer clones evolved. Replacing the pre-existing mammary epithelium in the following years, these clones occupied a large area within the premenopausal breast tissues by the time of cancer diagnosis. Evolution of multiple independent cancer founders from the non-cancer ancestors was common, contributing to intratumour heterogeneity. The number of driver events did not correlate with histology, suggesting the role of local microenvironments and/or epigenetic driver events. A similar evolutionary pattern was also observed in another case evolving from an AKT1-mutated founder. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into how breast cancer evolves