1,670 research outputs found
FCFGS-CV-Based Channel Estimation for Wideband MmWave Massive MIMO Systems with Low-Resolution ADCs
In this paper, the fully corrective forward greedy selection-cross
validation-based (FCFGS-CV-based) channel estimator is proposed for wideband
millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems
with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The sparse nature of
the mmWave virtual channel in the angular and delay domains is exploited to
convert the maximum a posteriori (MAP) channel estimation problem to an
optimization problem with a concave objective function and sparsity constraint.
The FCFGS algorithm, which is the generalized orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP)
algorithm, is used to solve the sparsity-constrained optimization problem.
Furthermore, the CV technique is adopted to determine the proper termination
condition by detecting overfitting when the sparsity level is unknown.Comment: to appear in IEEE Wireless Communications Letter
Gradient Pursuit-Based Channel Estimation for MmWave Massive MIMO Systems with One-Bit ADCs
In this paper, channel estimation for millimeter wave (mmWave) massive
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with one-bit analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs) is considered. In the mmWave band, the number of propagation
paths is small, which results in sparse virtual channels. To estimate sparse
virtual channels based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion,
sparsity-constrained optimization comes into play. In general, optimizing
objective functions with sparsity constraints is NP-hard because of their
combinatorial complexity. Furthermore, the coarse quantization of one-bit ADCs
makes channel estimation a challenging task. In the field of compressed sensing
(CS), the gradient support pursuit (GraSP) and gradient hard thresholding
pursuit (GraHTP) algorithms were proposed to approximately solve
sparsity-constrained optimization problems iteratively by pursuing the gradient
of the objective function via hard thresholding. The accuracy guarantee of
these algorithms, however, breaks down when the objective function is
ill-conditioned, which frequently occurs in the mmWave band. To prevent the
breakdown of gradient pursuit-based algorithms, the band maximum selecting
(BMS) technique, which is a hard thresholder selecting only the "band maxima,"
is applied to GraSP and GraHTP to propose the BMSGraSP and BMSGraHTP algorithms
in this paper.Comment: to appear in PIMRC 2019, Istanbul, Turke
RESIDUAL STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL STEELS: SN400, SM520 AND SM570
This paper presents post-fire mechanical properties of mild to high-strength steels commonly used in building structures in Korea. Steel is one of the main materials for building construction due to fast construction, light weight, and high seismic resistance. However, steel usually loses its strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures, especially over 600°C. But steel can regain some of its original mechanical properties after cooling down from the fire. Therefore, it is important to accurately evaluate the reliable performance of steel to reuse or repair the structures. For this reason, an experimental study was performed to examine the post-fire mechanical properties of steel plates SN400, SM520 and SM570 after cooling down from elevated temperatures up to 900°C. The post-fire stress-strain curves, elastic modulus, yield and ultimate strengths and residual factors were obtained and discussed
Dominant Channel Estimation via MIPS for Large-Scale Antenna Systems with One-Bit ADCs
In large-scale antenna systems, using one-bit analog-to-digital converters
(ADCs) has recently become important since they offer significant reductions in
both power and cost. However, in contrast to high-resolution ADCs, the coarse
quantization of one-bit ADCs results in an irreversible loss of information. In
the context of channel estimation, studies have been developed extensively to
combat the performance loss incurred by one-bit ADCs. Furthermore, in the field
of array signal processing, direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation combined with
one-bit ADCs has gained growing interests recently to minimize the estimation
error. In this paper, a channel estimator is proposed for one-bit ADCs where
the channels are characterized by their angular geometries, e.g., uniform
linear arrays (ULAs). The goal is to estimate the dominant channel among
multiple paths. The proposed channel estimator first finds the DOA estimate
using the maximum inner product search (MIPS). Then, the channel fading
coefficient is estimated using the concavity of the log-likelihood function.
The limit inherent in one-bit ADCs is also investigated, which results from the
loss of magnitude information.Comment: to appear in GLOBECOM 2018, Abu Dhabi, UA
Human Brain Astrocytes Mediate TRAIL-mediated Apoptosis after Treatment with IFN-γ
TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) expressions were studied in primary human brain astrocytes in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. When astrocytes were treated with IL-1β, TNF-α or IFN-γ, TRAIL was induced in cultured fetal astrocytes. In particular, IFN-γ induced the highest levels of TRAIL in cultured astrocytes. When astrocytes were prereated with IFN-γ, they induced apoptosis in TRAIL-sensitive Peer cells. Our results suggest that IFN-γ modulates the expression of TRAIL in astrocytes, which may enhance cytotoxic sensitivity of infiltrating immune cells or brain cells other than astrocytes during inflammation of brain
Channel Estimation via Gradient Pursuit for MmWave Massive MIMO Systems with One-Bit ADCs
In millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
systems, one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are employed to reduce the
impractically high power consumption, which is incurred by the wide bandwidth
and large arrays. In practice, the mmWave band consists of a small number of
paths, thereby rendering sparse virtual channels. Then, the resulting maximum a
posteriori (MAP) channel estimation problem is a sparsity-constrained
optimization problem, which is NP-hard to solve. In this paper, iterative
approximate MAP channel estimators for mmWave massive MIMO systems with one-bit
ADCs are proposed, which are based on the gradient support pursuit (GraSP) and
gradient hard thresholding pursuit (GraHTP) algorithms. The GraSP and GraHTP
algorithms iteratively pursue the gradient of the objective function to
approximately optimize convex objective functions with sparsity constraints,
which are the generalizations of the compressive sampling matching pursuit
(CoSaMP) and hard thresholding pursuit (HTP) algorithms, respectively, in
compressive sensing (CS). However, the performance of the GraSP and GraHTP
algorithms is not guaranteed when the objective function is ill-conditioned,
which may be incurred by the highly coherent sensing matrix. In this paper, the
band maximum selecting (BMS) hard thresholding technique is proposed to modify
the GraSP and GraHTP algorithms, namely the BMSGraSP and BMSGraHTP algorithms,
respectively. The BMSGraSP and BMSGraHTP algorithms pursue the gradient of the
objective function based on the band maximum criterion instead of the naive
hard thresholding. In addition, a fast Fourier transform-based (FFT-based) fast
implementation is developed to reduce the complexity. The BMSGraSP and
BMSGraHTP algorithms are shown to be both accurate and efficient, whose
performance is verified through extensive simulations.Comment: to appear in EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and
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Crack-Resistance Behavior of an Encapsulated, Healing Agent Embedded Buffer Layer on Self-Healing Thermal Barrier Coatings
In this work, a novel thermal barrier coating (TBC) system is proposed that embeds silicon particles in coating as a crack-healing agent. The healing agent is encapsulated to avoid unintended reactions and premature oxidation. Thermal durability of the developed TBCs is evaluated through cyclic thermal fatigue and jet engine thermal shock tests. Moreover, artificial cracks are introduced into the buffer layer’s cross section using a microhardness indentation method. Then, the indented TBC specimens are subject to heat treatment to investigate their crack-resisting behavior in detail. The TBC specimens with the embedded healing agents exhibit a relatively better thermal fatigue resistance than the conventional TBCs. The encapsulated healing agent protects rapid large crack openings under thermal shock conditions. Different crack-resisting behaviors and mechanisms are proposed depending on the embedding healing agents
Crack-Growth Behavior in Thermal Barrier Coatings with Cyclic Thermal Exposure
Crack-growth behavior in yttria-stabilized zirconia-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is investigated through a cyclic thermal fatigue (CTF) test to understand TBCs’ failure mechanisms. Initial cracks were introduced on the coatings’ top surface and cross section using the micro-indentation technique. The results show that crack length in the surface-cracked TBCs grew parabolically with the number of cycles in the CTF test. Failure in the surface-cracked TBC was dependent on the initial crack length formed with different loading levels, suggesting the existence of a threshold surface crack length. For the cross section, the horizontal crack length increased in a similar manner as observed in the surface. By contrast, in the vertical direction, the crack did not grow very much with CTF testing. An analytical model is proposed to explain the experimentally-observed crack-growth behavior
Acupuncture for the treatment of tinnitus: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has frequently been used to treat tinnitus, and acupuncture is a particularly popular option. The objective of this review was to assess the evidence concerning the effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment for tinnitus. METHODS: Fourteen databases were searched from the dates of their creation to July 4th, 2012. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included if acupuncture was used as the sole treatment. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS: A total of 9 RCTs met all the inclusion criteria. Their methodological quality was mostly poor. Five RCTs compared the effectiveness of acupuncture or electroacupuncture with sham acupuncture for treating tinnitus. The results failed to show statistically significant improvements. Two RCTs compared a short one-time scalp acupuncture treatment with the use of penetrating sham acupuncture at non-acupoints in achieving subjective symptom relief on a visual analog scale; these RCTs demonstrated significant positive effects with scalp acupuncture. Two RCTs compared acupuncture with conventional drug treatments. One of these RCTs demonstrated that acupuncture had statistically significant effects on the response rate in patients with nervous tinnitus, but the other RCT did not demonstrate significant effects in patients with senile tinnitus. CONCLUSIONS: The number, size and quality of the RCTs on the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of tinnitus are not sufficient for drawing definitive conclusions. Further rigorous RCTs that overcome the many limitations of the current evidence are warranted
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