597 research outputs found
Considerations for the design of an onboard air traffic situation display
The basic concept of remoting information to the cockpit is used to design and develop a computerized airborne traffic situation display device that automatically selects and presents segments of a controller's scope to the aircraft pilot via a narrow band digital data link. These data are integrated with aircraft heading and navigation information to provide a display useful in congested air space. The display can include alphanumerical symbols, air route maps, and controller instructions
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Signaling pathways required for macrophage scavenger receptor-mediated phagocytosis: analysis by scanning cytometry
Background: Scavenger receptors are important components of the innate immune system in the lung, allowing alveolar macrophages to bind and phagocytose numerous unopsonized targets. Mice with genetic deletions of scavenger receptors, such as SR-A and MARCO, are susceptible to infection or inflammation from inhaled pathogens or dusts. However, the signaling pathways required for scavenger receptor-mediated phagocytosis of unopsonized particles have not been characterized. Methods: We developed a scanning cytometry-based high-throughput assay of macrophage phagocytosis that quantitates bound and internalized unopsonized latex beads. This assay allowed the testing of a panel of signaling inhibitors which have previously been shown to target opsonin-dependent phagocytosis for their effect on unopsonized bead uptake by human in vitro-derived alveolar macrophage-like cells. The non-selective scavenger receptor inhibitor poly(I) and the actin destabilizer cytochalasin D were used to validate the assay and caused near complete abrogation of bead binding and internalization, respectively. Results: Microtubule destabilization using nocodazole dramatically inhibited bead internalization. Internalization was also significantly reduced by inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (genistein and herbimycin A), protein kinase C (staurosporine, chelerythrine chloride and Gö 6976), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (LY294002 and wortmannin), and the JNK and ERK pathways. In contrast, inhibition of phospholipase C by U-73122 had no effect. Conclusion: These data indicate the utility of scanning cytometry for the analysis of phagocytosis and that phagocytosis of unopsonized particles has both shared and distinct features when compared to opsonin-mediated phagocytosis
Outerplanar crossing numbers of 3-row meshes, Halin graphs and complete p-partite graphs
An outerplanar (also called circular, convex, one-page) drawing
of an n-vertex graph G is a drawing in which the vertices are placed
on a circle and each edge is drawn using one straight-line segment. We
derive exact results for the minimal number of crossings in any outerplanar
drawings of the following classes of graphs: 3-row meshes, Halin
graphs and complete p−partite graphs with equal size partite sets
Covering Partial Cubes with Zones
A partial cube is a graph having an isometric embedding in a hypercube.
Partial cubes are characterized by a natural equivalence relation on the edges,
whose classes are called zones. The number of zones determines the minimal
dimension of a hypercube in which the graph can be embedded. We consider the
problem of covering the vertices of a partial cube with the minimum number of
zones. The problem admits several special cases, among which are the problem of
covering the cells of a line arrangement with a minimum number of lines, and
the problem of finding a minimum-size fibre in a bipartite poset. For several
such special cases, we give upper and lower bounds on the minimum size of a
covering by zones. We also consider the computational complexity of those
problems, and establish some hardness results
Dynamic source routing for ad hoc networks using the global positioning system
Abstract-This paper proposes a new routing protocol for ad hoc networks built -around the source routing technique combined with the location (e.g., GPS coordinates) of nodes obtained by an energy and distance smart dissemination mechanism. The key new observation used is that the location information provides each node with a snapshot of the topology of the complete network from which a source route may be computed locally rather than through route discovery. The resulting protocol has reduced delay, and is more bandwidth and energy efficient, than both traditional (proactive and reactive) ad hoc routing protocols, as well as location based routing protocols
Infinite motion and 2-distinguishability of graphs and groups
A group A acting faithfully on a set X is 2-distinguishable if there is a 2-coloring of X that is not preserved by any nonidentity element of A, equivalently, if there is a proper subset of X with trivial setwise stabilizer. The motion of an element a in A is the number of points of X that are moved by a, and the motion of the group A is the minimal motion of its nonidentity elements. When A is finite, the Motion Lemma says that if the motion of A is large enough (specifically at least 2 log_2 |A|), then the action is 2-distinguishable. For many situations where X has a combinatorial or algebraic structure, the Motion Lemma implies that the action of Aut(X) on X is 2-distinguishable in all but finitely many instances.
We prove an infinitary version of the Motion Lemma for countably infinite permutation groups, which states that infinite motion is large enough to guarantee 2-distinguishability. From this we deduce a number of results, including the fact that every locally finite, connected graph whose automorphism group is countably infinite is 2-distinguishable. One cannot extend the Motion Lemma to uncountable permutation groups, but nonetheless we prove that (under the permutation topology) every closed permutation group with infinite motion has a dense subgroup which is 2-distinguishable. We conjecture an extension of the Motion Lemma which we expect holds for a restricted class of uncountable permutation groups, and we conclude with a list of open questions. The consequences of our results are drawn for orbit equivalence of infinite permutation groups
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Recycle of radiologically contaminated austenitic stainless steels
The United States Department of Energy owns large quantities of radiologically contaminated austenitic stainless steel which could by recycled for reuse if appropriate release standards were in place. Unfortunately, current policy places the formulation of a release standard for USA industry years, if not decades, away. The Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and various university and industrial partners are participating in initiative to recycle previously contaminated austenitic stainless steels into containers for the storage and disposal of radioactive wastes. This paper describes laboratory scale experiments which demonstrated the decontamination and remelt of stainless steel which had been contaminated with radionuclides
The generalized 3-edge-connectivity of lexicographic product graphs
The generalized -edge-connectivity of a graph is a
generalization of the concept of edge-connectivity. The lexicographic product
of two graphs and , denoted by , is an important graph
product. In this paper, we mainly study the generalized 3-edge-connectivity of
, and get upper and lower bounds of .
Moreover, all bounds are sharp.Comment: 14 page
Ramified rectilinear polygons: coordinatization by dendrons
Simple rectilinear polygons (i.e. rectilinear polygons without holes or
cutpoints) can be regarded as finite rectangular cell complexes coordinatized
by two finite dendrons. The intrinsic -metric is thus inherited from the
product of the two finite dendrons via an isometric embedding. The rectangular
cell complexes that share this same embedding property are called ramified
rectilinear polygons. The links of vertices in these cell complexes may be
arbitrary bipartite graphs, in contrast to simple rectilinear polygons where
the links of points are either 4-cycles or paths of length at most 3. Ramified
rectilinear polygons are particular instances of rectangular complexes obtained
from cube-free median graphs, or equivalently simply connected rectangular
complexes with triangle-free links. The underlying graphs of finite ramified
rectilinear polygons can be recognized among graphs in linear time by a
Lexicographic Breadth-First-Search. Whereas the symmetry of a simple
rectilinear polygon is very restricted (with automorphism group being a
subgroup of the dihedral group ), ramified rectilinear polygons are
universal: every finite group is the automorphism group of some ramified
rectilinear polygon.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure
Regular graphs of large girth and arbitrary degree
For every integer d > 9, we construct infinite families {G_n}_n of
d+1-regular graphs which have a large girth > log_d |G_n|, and for d large
enough > 1,33 log_d |G_n|. These are Cayley graphs on PGL_2(q) for a special
set of d+1 generators whose choice is related to the arithmetic of integral
quaternions. These graphs are inspired by the Ramanujan graphs of
Lubotzky-Philips-Sarnak and Margulis, with which they coincide when d is prime.
When d is not equal to the power of an odd prime, this improves the previous
construction of Imrich in 1984 where he obtained infinite families {I_n}_n of
d+1-regular graphs, realized as Cayley graphs on SL_2(q), and which are
displaying a girth > 0,48 log_d |I_n|. And when d is equal to a power of 2,
this improves a construction by Morgenstern in 1994 where certain families
{M_n}_n of 2^k+1-regular graphs were shown to have a girth > 2/3 log_d |M_n|.Comment: (15 pages) Accepted at Combinatorica. Title changed following
referee's suggestion. Revised version after reviewing proces
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